Page 1 Physics 211 Fall 2007

PHYSICS 211
CHAPTER 7 WORKBOOK
ROTATIONAL MOTION AND THE LAW OF GRAVITY
ANSWERS
Page 2 Physics 211 Fall 2007
PHYSICS 211 CHAPTER 7 ROTATIONAL MOTION AND THE LAW OF GRAVITY
CHAPTER OUTLINE
7.1 ANGULAR SPEED AND ANGULAR ACCELERATION
Complete the following table:
Angular Position Angular Speed Angular
Acceleration
Define the Quantity
Amount of rotation
measured from a
fixed reference
position
Rate of change of
angular position
Rate of change of
angular speed
What symbol is used?
What are its units? rad
deg
rad/s
deg/s
rad/s
2

deg/s
2
7.2 ROTATIONAL MOTION UNDER CONSTANT ACCELERATION
Write out the complete set of kinematic equations for rotational motion:
2
1
0 2
2 2
0
2 ( )
( )
2
o
o
o o
o
t t
t
t





= + +
= +
= +
+
= +
7.3 RELATIONS BETWEEN ANGULAR AND LINEAR QUANTITIES
How are arc-length, linear speed, and tangential acceleration related to angular displacement,
angular speed, and angular acceleration?

s r
v r
a r

=
=
=
Page 3 Physics 211 Fall 2007
7.4 CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
How is centripetal acceleration calculated in terms of linear speed?

2
c
v
a
r
=
How is centripetal acceleration calculated in terms of angular speed?

2
c
a r =
What is centripetal acceleration and when does it occur?
Centripetal acceleration occurs whenever an object is in circular motion. It is directed
toward the center of te circular path as a result of the net force acting on the body.
Write an expression for the total acceleration of an object experiencing both a change in direction
and speed along a circular path.
total radial tangential
a a a = +

How is Newtons second law of motion written for an object experiencing uniform circular
motion?
NET
I =
How is the centripetal force calculated?
2
2
2
( )
radially inward toward center
C i
C
v
F F m r
r
v
F m mr
r

= =
= =

7.5 NEWTONIAN GRAVITATION
Write the equation for the magnitude of the force between two masses. List and define each
variable and constant.
Page 4 Physics 211 Fall 2007
How would you define an inverse-square law?
When elevation changes significantly the gravitational potential energy must be calculated by
what equation? Write the equation down, list and define each variable and constant.
What is meant by the term escape velocity?
7.6 KEPLERS LAWS
List Keplers three laws of planetary motion.
Page 5 Physics 211 Fall 2007
PHY 211 CHAPTER 5 ROTATIONAL MOTION AND THE LAW OF GRAVITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
C__ 1. 2,600 rev/min is equivalent to which of the following?
A. 2,600 rad/s D. 60 rad/s
B. 43.3 rad/s E. 56 rad/s
C. 273 rad/s
C__ 2. A grindstone spinning at the rate of 8.3 rev/s has what approximate angular speed?
A. 3.2 rad/s D. 81 rad/s
B. 26 rad/s E. 97 rad/s
C. 52 rad/s
C__ 3. A 0.12-m-radius grinding wheel takes 5.5 s to speed up from 2.0 rad/s to 11.0 rad/s. What is the
wheel's average angular acceleration?
A. 9.6 rad/s
2
D. 0.33 rad/s
2

B. 4.8 rad/s
2
E. 0.27 rad/s
2

C. 1.6 rad/s
2

B__ 4. A 0.30-m-radius automobile tire rotates how many rad after starting from rest and accelerating
at a constant 2.0 rad/s
2
over a 5.0-s interval?
A. 12.5 rad D. 0.50 rad
B. 25 rad E. 0.25 rad
C. 2.0 rad
B__ 5. Starting from rest, a wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for a period of time T. At
what time after the start of rotation does the wheel reach an angular speed equal to its average
angular speed for this interval?
A. 0.25 T D. 0.71 T
B. 0.50 T E. 0.82 T
C. 0.67 T
D__ 6. Starting from rest, a wheel undergoes constant angular acceleration for a period of time T. At
which of the following times does the average angular acceleration equal the instantaneous
angular acceleration?
A. 0.50 T D. all of the above
B. 0.67 T E. none of the above
C. 0.71 T
B__ 7. A ventilation fan has blades 0.25 m in radius rotating at 20 rpm. What is the tangential speed of
each blade tip?
A. 0.02 m/s D. 20 m/s
B. 0.52 m/s E. 23 m/s
C. 5.0 m/s
Page 6 Physics 211 Fall 2007
C__ 8. A 0.30-m-radius automobile tire accelerates from rest at a constant 2.0 rad/s
2
over a 5.0-s
interval. What is the tangential component of acceleration for a point on the outer edge of the
tire during the 5-s interval?
A. 33 m/s
2
D. 0.30 m/s
2

B. 6.7 m/s
2
E. 0.25 m/s
2

C. 0.60 m/s
2

C__ 9. Consider a point on a bicycle tire that is momentarily in contact with the ground as the bicycle
rolls across the ground with constant speed. The direction for the acceleration for this point at
that moment is:
A. upward. D. at that moment the acceleration is zero.
B. down toward the ground. E. none of the above.
C. forward.
A__ 10. A wheel is rotated about a horizontal axle at a constant angular speed. Next it is rotated in the
opposite direction with the same angular speed. The acceleration at a point on the top of the
wheel in the second case as compared to the acceleration in the first case:
A. is in the same direction. D. is tangential to the wheel.
B. is in the opposite direction. E. none of the above.
C. is upward.
D__ 11. A ceiling fan is turned on and reaches an angular speed of 120 rev/min in 20 s. It is then turned
off and coasts to a stop in an additional 40 s. The ratio of the average angular acceleration for
the first 20 s to that for the last 40 s is which of the following?
A. 2 D. -2
B. 0.5 E. 1.5
C. -0.5
B__ 12. A Ferris wheel starts at rest and builds up to a final angular speed of 0.70 rad/s while rotating
through an angular displacement of 4.9 rad. What is its average angular acceleration?
A. 0.10 rad/s
2
D. 0.60 rad/s
2

B. 0.05 rad/s
2
E. 0.04 rad/s
2

C. 1.8 rad/s
2

C__ 13. A bucket in an old well is hoisted upward by a rope which winds up on a cylinder having a
radius of 0.050 m. How many rev/s must the cylinder turn if the bucket is raised at a speed of
0.15 m/s?
A. 3.0 rev/s D. 0.24 rev/s
B. 1.5 rev/s E. 0.18 rev/s
C. 0.48 rev/s
D__ 14. A point on the rim of a 0.25-m-radius rotating wheel has a centripetal acceleration of 4.0 m/s
2
.
What is the angular speed of the wheel?
A. 1.0 rad/s D. 4.0 rad/s
B. 2.0 rad/s E. 4.5 rad/s
C. 3.2 rad/s
Page 7 Physics 211 Fall 2007
C__ 15. At what speed will a car round a 52-m-radius curve, banked at a 45
o
angle, if no friction is
required between the road and tires to prevent the car from slipping? (g = 9.8 m/s
2
)
A. 27 m/s D. 35 m/s
B. 17 m/s E. 43 m/s
C. 23 m/s
Page 8 Physics 211 Fall 2007
PHYSICS 211 CHAPTER 5 ROTATIONAL MOTION AND THE LAW OF GRAVITY
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. A wheel of radius 14 in. rolls without slipping through an angle of 200
o
. What is the linear
displacement of the center of the wheel?
200 3.49
180
(14 )(3.49 )
48.87
o
o
rad
rad
s r in rad
s in

= =
= =
=
2. A spinning top slows to rest in 45 s from an initial rotation rate of 30 rev. per second. With what
acceleration did it slow?
2 2
0 30
45
0.66 4.19
rev
s
rev rad
s s
t s

= =

= =
3. Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of a ball traveling 20 m/s along a circular
path of radius 1.2 m.

2
2
2
(20 )
1.2
333.3
c
m
s
c
m
c
s
v
a
r
a
m
a
=
=
=
Page 9 Physics 211 Fall 2007
PHYSICS 211 CHAPTER 5 ROTATIONAL MOTION AND THE LAW OF GRAVITY
END OF CHAPTER PROBLEMS
Chapter 5 Practice Problems: 1, 9, 15, 21, 46, 57, 29, 39
Chapter 5 Homework Problems: 2, 10, 13, 18, 25, 28, 48, 51
2. A wheel has a radius of 4.1 m. How far (path length) does a point on the circumference travel if
the wheel is rotated through angles of 30/, 30 rad, and 30 rev, respectively?

The distance traveled is s r = , where is in radians.

For 30, ( )
rad
4.1 m 30 2.1 m
180
s r

( | |
= = =
|
(
\

For 30 radians, ( ) ( )
2
4.1 m 30 rad 1.2 10 m s r = = =

For 30 revolutions, ( )
2
2 rad
4.1 m 30 rev 7.7 10 m
1 rev
s r

( | |
= = =
| (
\


10. The tub of a washer goes into its spin-dry cycle, starting from rest and reaching an angular speed
of 5.0 rev/s in 8.0 s. At this point, the person doing the laundry opens the lid, and a safety switch turns
off the washer. The tub slows to rest in 12.0 s. Through how many revolutions does the tub turn during
the entire 20-s interval? Assume constant angular acceleration while it is starting and stopping.
We will break the motion into two stages: (1) an acceleration period and (2) a deceleration
period.

The angular displacement during the acceleration period is


( ) ( )
( )
1 av
5.0 rev s 2 rad 1 rev 0
8.0 s 126 rad
2 2
f i
t t


( + + | |
= = = =
(
|
\
(



and while decelerating,


( ) ( )
( )
2
0 5.0 rev s 2 rad 1 rev
12 s 188 rad
2 2
f i
t

( + + | |
= = =
(
|
\
(



The total displacement is ( )
1 2
1 rev
= 126 188 rad 50 rev
2 rad

| |
+ = + = (
|
\

Page 10 Physics 211 Fall 2007
13. A rotating wheel requires 3.00 s to rotate 37.0 revolutions. Its angular velocity at the end of the
3.00-s interval is 98.0 rad/s. What is the constant angular acceleration of the wheel?

From
a v
2
i
t t


+ | |
= =
|
\
, we find the initial angular speed to be


( )
2 rad
2 37. 0 rev
2
1 re v
98.0 rad s 57.0 rad s
3.00 s
i
t

| |
|
\
= = =

The angular acceleration is then


2
98.0 rad s 57.0 rad s
13.7 rad s
3. 00 s
i
t

= = =
18. A race car starts from rest on a circular track of radius 400 m. The cars speed increases at the
constant rate of 0.500 m/s
2
. At the point where the magnitudes of the centripetal and tangential
accelerations are equal, determine (a) the speed of the race car, (b) the distance traveled, and (c) the
elapsed time.

(a) The centripetal acceleration is
2
t
c
v
a
r
= . Thus, when
2
0.500 m s
c t
a a = = , we have

( )( )
2
400 m 0.500 m s 200 m s 14.1 m s
t c
v r a = = = =
(b) At this time,
2
200 m s 0
28.3 s
0.500 m s
t i
t
v v
t
a

= = = , and the linear displacement is

( ) ( )
av
200 m s 0
28.3 s 200 m
2 2
t i
t
v v
s v t t
| | + +
| |
= = = =
|
|
|
\
\

(c) The time is 28.3 s t = as found in part (b) above.
Page 11 Physics 211 Fall 2007
25. An air puck of mass 0.25 kg is tied to a string and allowed to revolve in a circle of radius 1.0 m
on a frictionless horizontal table. The other end of the string passes through a hole in the center of the
table, and a mass of 1.0 kg is tied to it (Fig. P7.25). The suspended mass remains in equilibrium while
the puck on the tabletop revolves. (a) What is the tension in the string? (b) What is the horizontal force
acting on the puck? (c) What is the speed of the puck?

(a) Since the 1.0-kg mass is in equilibrium, the tension in the string is


( ) ( )
2
1.0 kg 9.8 m s 9.8 N T mg = = =
(b) The tension in the string must produce the centripetal acceleration of the puck.
Hence, 9.8 N
c
F T = = .
(c) From
2
t
c puck
v
F m
r
| |
=
|
\
, we find
( ) ( ) 1.0 m 9.8 N
6.3 m s
0.25 kg
c
t
puck
r F
v
m
= = =
Page 12 Physics 211 Fall 2007
28. A roller-coaster vehicle has a mass of 500 kg when fully loaded with passengers (Fig. P7.28). (a)
If the vehicle has a speed of 20.0 m/s at point A , what is the force of the track on the vehicle at this
point? (b) What is the maximum speed the vehicle can have at point B in order for gravity to hold it on
the track?
Figure P7.28

(a) At A, the track supports the weight and supplies the centripetal acceleration.

Thus, ( )
( )
2
2
2
20.0 m s
500 kg 9.80 m s 25 kN
10 m
t
v
n mg m
r
(
( = + = + =
(


(b) At B, the weight must offset the normal force exerted by the track and produce the
needed centripetal acceleration, or
2
t
v
mg n m
r
= + . If the car is on the verge of
leaving the track, then 0 n = and
2
=
t
v
mg m
r
. Hence,

( ) ( )
2
15 m 9.80 m s 12 m s
t
v r g = = =
Page 13 Physics 211 Fall 2007
48. A 0.400-kg pendulum bob passes through the lowest part of its path at a speed of 3.00 m/s. (a)
What is the tension in the pendulum cable at this point if the pendulum is 80.0 cm long? (b) When the
pendulum reaches its highest point, what angle does the cable make with the vertical? (c) What is the
tension in the pendulum cable when the pendulum reaches its highest point?
(a) At the lowest point on the path, the net upward force (i.e., the force directed toward the
center of the path and supplying the centripetal acceleration) is


2
t
up
v
F T mg m
r
| |
= =
|
\
, so the tension in the cable is

( )
( )
2
2
2
3.00 m s
0.400 kg 9.80 m s 8.42 N
0.800 m
t
v
T m g
r
| |
| |
= + = + =
|
|
| \
\

(b) Using conservation of mechanical energy,
( ) ( ) g g
f i
KE PE KE PE + = + , as the bob goes
from the lowest to the highest point on the path gives

( )
2
1
0 1 cos 0
2
max i
mg L mv ( + = +

, or
2
cos 1
2
i
max
v
g L
=


( )
( ) ( )
2
2
1 1
2
3.00 m s
cos 1 cos 1 64.8
2 2 9.80 m s 0.800 m
i
max
v
g L

| |
| |
= = =
|
|
|
\
\

(c) At the highest point on the path, the bob is at rest and the net radial force is


2
cos 0
t
r max
v
F T mg m
r

| |
= = =
|
\


Therefore,


( ) ( ) ( )
2
cos 0.400 kg 9.80 m s cos 64.8 1.67 N
max
T mg = = =
Page 14 Physics 211 Fall 2007
Figure P7.51
51. In a popular amusement park ride, a rotating cylinder of radius 3.00
m is set in rotation at an angular speed of 5.00 rad/s, as in Figure P7.51. The
floor then drops away, leaving the riders suspended against the wall in a
vertical position. What minimum coefficient of friction between a riders
clothing and the wall is needed to keep the rider from slipping? (Hint: Recall
that the magnitude of the maximum force of static friction is equal to :n,
where n is the normal forcein this case, the force causing the centripetal
acceleration.)
The normal force exerted on the person by the cylindrical wall must provide the centripetal
acceleration, so
( )
2
n m r = .

If the minimum acceptable coefficient of friction is present, the person is on the verge of slipping
and the maximum static friction force equals the persons weight, or ( ) ( )
min max
s s
f n mg = =

Thus, ( )
( )( )
2
2 2 min
9.80 m s
0.131
3.00 m 5.00 rad s
s
mg g
n r

= = = =