Doantotnghiep Son

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Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm
Mc lc
Trang
Mc lc ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Li ni u --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut-------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
I. Hin trng sn xut v tiu th bia trn th gii v ti Vit Nam ------------------------- 8
II. Chn loi sn phm, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th trng -------------- 9
1. La chn loi bia sn xut ------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
2. La chn a im xy dng nh my----------------------------------------------------- 9
3. Vng nguyn liu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
4. Vng tiu th sn phm ------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh -------------------------------------------------------- 10
6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu---------------------------------------------------------------- 11
7. Ngun nhn lc----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
8. Giao thng vn ti-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
Phn II: Chn phng php sn xut v thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh --------------- 12
I. Chn nguyn liu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12
1. Malt i mch------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
2. Go ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
3. Hoa houblon -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
4. Nc ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
5. Nguyn liu ph tr khc ----------------------------------------------------------------- 15
II. Chn phng php nu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
1. Nghin nguyn liu ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
2. H ho v ng ho ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
3. Lc dch ng ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17
4. Nu hoa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
5. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho -------------------------------------- 19
III. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men----------------------------------------- 20
1. Chn chng nm men---------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
2. Ln men sn phm bia chai --------------------------------------------------------------- 21
3. Ln men sn phm bia hi ---------------------------------------------------------------- 22
IV. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut --------------------------------------------------------- 23
1. Nghin nguyn liu ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24
a. Nghin malt --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
b. Nghin go ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
2. Qu trnh h ho v ng ho----------------------------------------------------------- 25
a. H ho --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
b. ng ho ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25
3. Lc dch ng ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
4. Nu hoa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
5. Lng xoy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
6. Lnh nhanh---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
7. Bo ho O2 vo dch ln men ------------------------------------------------------------- 29
8. Cp nm men v tin hnh ln men------------------------------------------------------ 29
9. Lc bia --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30
10. Tng tr v n nh tnh cht ca bia thnh phm------------------------------------ 31
Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46
http://www.ebook.edu.vn
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11. Hon thin sn phm --------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

V. Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc cp, nc thi ------------------------------------------ 33
1. X l nc cp ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
2. X l nc thi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm ---------------------------------- 35
A. Lp k hoch sn xut------------------------------------------------------------------------ 35
B. Tnh cn bng sn phm --------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia chai ----------------------------------------------- 36
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt ------------------------------------------------------------ 36
2. Lng b go v b malt ------------------------------------------------------------------ 37
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b -------------------------------------------------- 38
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng -------------------------------------------------------------- 39
5. Cc nguyn liu khc ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia hi------------------------------------------------ 45
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt ------------------------------------------------------------ 45
2. Lng b go v b malt ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b -------------------------------------------------- 46
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng -------------------------------------------------------------- 47
5. Cc nguyn liu khc ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
III. Ho cht v sinh:----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
1. Ha cht v sinh cc ni nu:------------------------------------------------------------- 53
2. Ha cht v sinh cc thit b ln men, tng tr bia:------------------------------------ 53
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b--------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu ------------------------------------------------- 55
1. Cn, gu ti---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
2. My nghin---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
3. Ni h ho----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56
4. Ni ng ho ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57
5. Thng lc y bng ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58
6. Ni nu hoa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59
7. Thng cha trung gian--------------------------------------------------------------------- 60
8. Thng lng xoy---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
9. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh------------------------------------------------------------ 62
10. Thng nc nu--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
11. H thng cip nu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63
II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men ------------------------------------------- 64
1. Tank ln men ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II----------------------------------------------------------------- 65
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I------------------------------------------------------------------ 65
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng------------------------------------------------------------- 66
5. Thit b hot ho men---------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
6. H thng cip lnh:-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin --------------------------------------- 69
1. Thit b lc trong bia----------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2 ---------------------------------------------------------- 69
3. H thng chit bock------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70
4. H thng chit chai------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70
Phn V: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu nc ca nh my ------------------------- 74
I. Tnh nhit lnh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74
1. Lng nhit lnh cn cp cho thit b lnh nhanh ------------------------------------- 74
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2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men -------------------------------------------- 74

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men chnh----------------------- 74
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp h nhit dch ------------------------------------------ 76
c. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men ph: ------------------------ 76
3. Lng nhit lnh cp cho h thng cp men ging ------------------------------------ 77
a. Lng nhit lnh cn cp ti s dng men kt lng -------------------------------- 77
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp nhn men ------------------------------------------------- 78
4. Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin ------------------------------------- 80
5. H thng lnh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
II. Tnh hi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
1. Lng hi cp cho ni h ho ------------------------------------------------------------ 83
2. Lng hi cp cho ni ng ho ------------------------------------------------------- 84
3. Lng hi cp cho ni nu hoa----------------------------------------------------------- 85
4. Lng hi cp cho thit b un nng nc --------------------------------------------- 86
5. Lng hi cp cho phn xng hon thin --------------------------------------------- 86
6. Lng nhin liu cho ni hi ------------------------------------------------------------- 87
III. Tnh nc ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88
1. Lng nc dng cho phn xng nu ------------------------------------------------- 88
2. Lng nc dng cho phn xng ln men -------------------------------------------- 88
3. Lng nc dng cho phn xng hon thin ----------------------------------------- 88
4. Lng nc dng cho cc hot ng khc ca nh my------------------------------ 89
IV. Tnh in-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
1. Ph ti chiu sng -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90
2. Ph ti sn xut ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 92
3. Xc nh cc thng s ca h thng in ----------------------------------------------- 93
4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm-------------------------------------------------------- 93
a. in nng thp sng hng nm ----------------------------------------------------------- 93
b. in nng tiu th cho sn xut hng nm---------------------------------------------- 94
c. in nng tiu th c nm----------------------------------------------------------------- 94
Phn VI: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my ------------------------------------- 95
A. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng ------------------------------------------------- 95
B. Thit k tng mt bng nh my------------------------------------------------------------ 97
I. Tnh ton cc hng mc cng trnh---------------------------------------------------------- 98
1. Khu vc sn xut --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
a. Nh sn xut chnh ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
b. Khu tank ln men--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
c. Nh hon thin sn phm------------------------------------------------------------------ 99
2. Kho tng ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
a. Kho cha nguyn liu---------------------------------------------------------------------- 99
b. Kho cha thnh phm -------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
3. Cc phn xng ph tr sn xut ------------------------------------------------------- 101
a. Trm bin p ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
b. Xng c in ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
c. Nh t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn------------------------ 101
d. Phn xng hi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101
e. Khu x l nc cp ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
g. Khu x l nc thi ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
h. Bi v chai --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
4. Cc cng trnh khc ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
a. Nh hnh chnh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102
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b. Nh gii thiu sn phm------------------------------------------------------------------ 102

c. Hi trng---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
d. Nh n, cng tin --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
e. Gara t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 103
g. Nh xe ca nhn vin ----------------------------------------------------------------- 103
h. Phng bo v------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
i. Nh v sinh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103
II. B tr cc hng mc cng trnh ------------------------------------------------------------ 105
III. Tnh ton v nh gi cc thng s xy dng------------------------------------------- 106
IV. Thit k phn xng sn xut chnh ----------------------------------------------------- 107
1. c im v cch b tr cc thit b trong phn xng sn xut chnh------------- 107
2. Thit k xy dng phn xng sn xut chnh ---------------------------------------- 107
Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 109
A. Phn tch th trng ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109
B. Tnh cc ch tiu d n u t-------------------------------------------------------------- 110
I. Nhu cu vn u t --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
1. Vn lu ng ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 110
a. Tin lng---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110
b. Chi ph nhin liu, nng lng ---------------------------------------------------------- 112
c. Chi ph marketing: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 112
2. Vn c nh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 112
a. Vn u t cho xy dng----------------------------------------------------------------- 112
b. Vn u t mua dy chuyn thit b ---------------------------------------------------- 114
c. Tin u t mua phng tin vn ti---------------------------------------------------- 114
d. Tin u t ban u mua chai, kt, bock ------------------------------------------- 115
e. Khu hao ti sn c nh ----------------------------------------------------------------- 115
3. Ngun vn---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 116
II. Tnh gi thnh sn phm -------------------------------------------------------------------- 117
1. Chi ph vn hnh -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117
a. Chi ph nguyn vt liu ------------------------------------------------------------------- 117
b. Chi ph nhn cng trc tip -------------------------------------------------------------- 118
c. Chi ph sn xut chung-------------------------------------------------------------------- 118
d. Chi ph tiu th sn phm ---------------------------------------------------------------- 119
e. Chi ph qun l doanh nghip------------------------------------------------------------ 119
2. Cc khon thu, chi khc ------------------------------------------------------------------ 119
a. Thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph ca nh my -------------------------------- 119
b. Chi ph tin vn---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
3. Gi thnh sn phm ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
4. Gi bn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120
5. Thu nhp trc thu ca d n ---------------------------------------------------------- 121
III. Tnh dng tin v mt s ch tiu hiu qu ca d n---------------------------------- 122
Phn VIII: V sinh an ton lao ng------------------------------------------------------------- 129
I. V sinh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129
1. V sinh c nhn---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129
2. V sinh thit b nh xng --------------------------------------------------------------- 129
II. An ton lao ng----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
1. Chng kh c trong nh my ----------------------------------------------------------- 131
2. Chng n v rung ng------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
3. An ton khi vn hnh thit b ------------------------------------------------------------ 131
4. An ton v in ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
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5. Phng chy cha chy -------------------------------------------------------------------- 132

Kt lun---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133
Ti liu tham kho chnh -------------------------------------------------------------------- 135
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Li ni u
Bia l mt loi ung gii kht hin rt c a chung nc ta
cng nh trn th gii. Bia c mu sc, hng v c trng, d dng phn bit
vi cc loi ung khc. c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l malt i
mch, hoa hublon... bia em li gi tr dinh dng, mt lt bia cung cp 400
450kcal, bia c kh nng kch thch tiu ho, gip c th kho mnh khi dng
vi liu lng thch hp v c bit cn c tc dng lm gim nhanh cn kht
ca ngi ung nh c tnh bo ho CO2.
Theo nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc, bia ra i t khong 7000 nm
trc Cng nguyn, bt ngun t cc b lc c tr ven b sng Lng H,
sau c truyn sang cc chu lc khc thng qua qu trnh trao i, bun
bn gia cc b lc. Trong qu trnh tm kim nguyn liu ph tng cht
lng cho bia, ngi ta nhn thy hoa houblon mang li cho bia hng v rt
c bit v nhiu c tnh qu gi. Hin nay, hoa hublon vn l nguyn liu
khng th thay th trong sn xut bia. n th k XIX Louis Pasteur xut bn
cun sch v bia to ra ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia di nh sng khoa
hc, cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh khoa hc khc quy trnh cng ngh
sn xut bia ang ngy cng tr nn hon thin. Chnh v vy, bia tr thnh
loi ung c a chung nht hin nay, c sn xut v tiu th ngy
nhiu trn phm vi ton th gii.
Vit Nam, bia xut hin cha lu lm (ch khong 100 nm), ngnh
cng nghip sn xut bia vn cn rt nhiu tim nng pht trin. Trong nhng
nm gn y, nhu cu s dng bia nc ta ngy cng tng. Rt nhiu nh
my cng nh c s sn xut bia c thnh lp trn khp c nc nhng vn
cha p ng ht c nhu cu th trng c v cht lng cng nh s
lng. Hn na bia l mt ngnh cng nghip c nhiu ng gp to ln cho
ngnh kinh t quc dn v n l ngnh sn xut em li li nhun cao, kh
nng thu hi vn nhanh, v l ngun thu quan trng cho ngn sch quc gia.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, mc tiu ra v li ch ca vic pht
trin cng ngh sn xut bia nn vic xy dng thm cc nh my bia vi c
cu t chc cht ch cng cc thit b cng ngh hin i cung cp cho
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ngi tiu dng cc loi bia c cht lng cao, gi thnh ph hp l v cng
cn thit.
Trong bn n ny em trnh by thit k nh my bia nng sut 25
triu lt/nm. y l mt nh my vi nng sut trung bnh, nu c trang b
v t chc hp l s c kh nng thch ng linh hot vi qui m sn xut
trung bnh, cng nh c kh nng m rng qui m sn xut.
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Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut

I. Hin trng sn xut v tiu th bia trn th gii v ti Vit Nam
Trong cc loi ung gii kht hin nay bia rt c a chung, c
ph bin rng ri trn th gii v sn lng tiu th ln v ngy cng tng.
cc nc pht trin nh c, an Mch, Ba Lan, M... ngnh cng nghip
sn xut bia rt pht trin, sn lng bia ca c, M t 10 t lt/nm.
Cng ngh sn xut bia cng nh sn phm bia ca cc nc ny thm
nhp vo thm nhp vo th trng ca rt nhiu nc trn th gii trong
c c Vit Nam. Mc tiu th bia bnh qun cc nc ny kh cao khong
100 lt/ngi/nm.
Cc nc ng tuy hin ti c mc tiu th bia cha cao bnh qun
khong 20 lt/ngi/nm ngoi tr mt s nc nh Nht Bn t 50
lt/ngi/nm. Nhng y l mt th trng ng dn c, sn lng bia
Trung Quc v Nht Bn cng gn bng sn lng bia ca c, M.
Vit Nam bia mi ch xut hin t u th k 20, nhng l mt nc
nm trong vng nhit i cn xch o to iu kin thun li ngnh
cng nghip bia tn ti v ngy cng pht trin. T ban u ch c cc nh
my bia nh l nh my bia H Ni v nh my bia Si Gn, hin nay cc nh
my bia xut hin hu khp cc tnh trong c nc, sn lng ca cc
nh my cng ngy cng tng. Hin nay nng sut ca nh my bia H Ni
t trn 100 triu lt/nm v ang tip tc tng nng sut ti 200 triu lt/nm
vo nm 2010, nng sut ca nh my bia Si Gn t trn 350 triu
lt/nm v d kin s l 780 triu lt/nm vo nm 2010. Bn cnh rt
nhiu thng hiu bia ngoi xut hin nc ta nh Tiger, Heineken...
Mc tiu th bia bnh qun Vit Nam hin cn thp khong 15
lt/ngi/nm v s ha hn nhiu tim nng ngnh sn xut bia pht trin.
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II. Chn loi sn phm, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th

trng
1. La chn loi bia sn xut
sn phm sn xut ra c th tiu th c c bit l sn phm bia
chai c th chim lnh c th trng rng th sn phm bia phi c cht
lng cao p ng c yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi tiu dng. Do
em la chn sn xut loi bia c cht lng cao, thuc loi bia vng l loi bia
ang rt c a chung hin nay.
Sn phm bia sn xut ra phi m bo t c cc tiu chun sau:
* Cc ch tiu cm quan:
- bt: Khi rt bia ra cc, bia phi c bt trng mn, t y cc lun c cc
bt kh li ti ni dn ln b mt. Chiu cao lp bt > 2cm, thi gian gi bt 5
15 pht.
- Mi v v: Bia phi c ng c trng v hng thm du nh ca hoa
houblon, khng qu nht, khng c mi v l.
- Mu sc v trong: Bia phi c mu vng rm sng ng nh, trong sut,
khng c c cn hay vn c.
* Cc ch tiu ho hc:
- cn: 4,6 0,2
- Hm lng ng st: 1 2%
- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5 g/l
- Hm lng diacetyl: 0,2 mg/l
- Cht khong: 0,14 0,38%
- m tng: 3,5 5 g/l
- Este: 15 50 mg/l
- Aldehyt: 10 15 mg/l
2. La chn a im xy dng nh my
a im c la chn cn p ng c yu cu sau:
- Ph hp vi qui hoch chung ca tnh, thnh ph.
- Gn ngun cung cp nguyn liu v th trng tiu th sn phm.
- Thun tin v mt giao thng.
- m bo cc ngun in, nc, nhin liu.
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- Ngun nhn lc khng qu khan him.

Da vo nhng yu cu trn em chn a im xy dng nh my nm
trong khu cng nghip Quang Minh, thuc huyn M Linh, tnh Vnh Phc.
y l mt khu cng nghip mi c din tch rng v ang tip tc c pht
trin, c nhiu tim nng pht trin kinh t x hi. Cc khu dn c v
th xung quanh ang c xy dng v m rng. Bn cnh h thng giao
thng gn khu cng nghip v ang c xy dng, ci to v hon thin
nh ng cao tc Bc Thng Long - Ni Bi, ng quc l 2, quc l 3,
quc l 18, tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai l nhng tuyn giao thng
quan trng nh thun li trong vn chuyn nguyn liu v phn phi sn
phm. Mng li in quc gia y cung cp cho c khu cng nghip rt n
nh v thun li.
3. Vng nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh u tin sn xut bia l malt i c th nhp
ngoi t c, c... Hoa houblon nhp t Tip Khc di dng cao hoa v hoa
vin. Nguyn liu thay th l go c th mua ngay trong tnh hay mua t cc
tnh ln cn H Ty, Hng Yn, Hi Dng, Nam nh, Thi Bnh vi gi
thnh hp l, cht lng m bo vn chuyn v nh my ch yu bng t.
Trong nh my cn thit k mt h thng ly nc t ging khoan x
l lc v lm mm nc dng cho nu bia v cc hot ng khc ca nh
my.
4. Vng tiu th sn phm
Bia nh my sn xut ra cung cp cho cc ca hng trong tnh v cc
tnh ln cn nh H Ni, Bc Ninh, Bc Giang, H Ty, Nam nh, Ph Th,
Thi Nguyn... Sn phm sau chit chai, chit bock c chuyn ch bng
t, nu s lng t c th s dng cc phng tin khc.
5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh
Ngun in: S dng in li ca mng li in quc gia chy qua
khu vc. Mng li in ny cung cp 24/24 gi trong ngy, nhng
phng s c mng li, nh my b tr mt trm bin th v s dng thm
my pht in d phng.
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Ngun nc: nc c ly t h thng ging khoan. Trong nh my

nc c dng vo cc mc ch khc nhau: x l nguyn liu, nc nu
nguyn liu, nc ra chai, nc v sinh thit b, v sinh nh my... Nc nu
bia cn p ng y cc ch tiu cho cng ngh sn xut bia. Do nc
phi i qua mt h thng x l ng k thut trc khi cp cho sn xut.
Bn cnh cn phi xy dng khu x l nc thi x l nc thi
ca nh my trnh gy nhim n mi trng xung quanh.
Nh my cng cn t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh
nn ph hp vi cng sut ca nh my cp lnh cho hot ng sn
xut ca nh my. H thng lnh c th s dng tc nhn lnh l NH3 hay
Freon, cht ti lnh s dng nc glycol hay nc mui.
6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu
Nhin liu s dng trong nh my l cho ni hi phc v cho cc mc
ch khc nhau nh nu nguyn liu, thanh trng... Nh my s dng nhin
liu l than.
7. Ngun nhn lc
a im xy dng nh my cch khng xa cc khu dn c, gn cc
tuyn giao thng i ti cc vng th trung tm nh thnh ph H Ni nn
c ngun nhn lc di do. Cc cn b, k s c trnh t chc chuyn mn
phi c o to trnh qun l, iu hnh. Cc cng nhn c th tuyn
chn lao ng ph thng, hc ngh cc vng dn c xung quanh m
bo c yu cu v ni , sinh hot.
8. Giao thng vn ti
Nh my nm gn trc giao thng nn thun tin cho vn chuyn
nguyn nhin vt liu n nh my, v vn chuyn sn phm phn phi cho
cc i l, ca hng tiu th bng ng b.
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Phn II: Chn phng php sn xut v thuyt minh

dy chuyn cng ngh
I. Chn nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh u tin dng cho sn xut bia trong nh my l
malt i mch, v nguyn liu dng thay th cho malt l go vi t l 20%
nhm gim gi thnh sn phm, hoa houblon to hng v c trng cho bia,
v nc cng l mt thnh phn khng th thiu sn xut bia.
1. Malt i mch
Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh s mt dng sn xut bia.
Khong 1/3 i mch trn th gii c trng sn xut bia. i mch thuc
h Hordeum Sativum, c mt s t thuc h H.Muvirum, H.Jubatum. i
mch thng c gieo trng vo ma ng hay ma xun, c trng nhiu
Nga, M, Canada, Php, Nga
i mch c ging 2 hng v i mch a hng, trong i mch a
hng li gm c i mch 4 hng v i mch 6 hng. Tuy nhin ch c i
mch hai hng c dng trong sn xut bia. Cn i mch a hng ch dng
trong chn nui v cc mc ch khc.
Ht i mch tri qua qu trnh ngm, m mm s tr thnh ht malt
ti; ht malt ti li tip tc qua qu trnh sy, tch r v nh bng s tr
thnh ht malt kh tiu chun c th bo qun di ngy trong iu kin kh,
mt v c s dng sn xut bia. Trong qu trnh x l ht i mch
tr thnh ht malt hon thin h enzyme trong ht c hot ha v tng
cng hot lc, c bit l h enzyme thy phn thc hin qu trnh chuyn
ha cc cht cao phn t to ra cht chit ca dch ng.
Hin nay, cc c s sn xut bia nc ta thng s dng loi malt c ngun
gc t i mch hai hng, ch yu c nhp t c hoc mt s nc chu
u nh: c, an Mch... Malt dng trong sn xut bia cn m bo mt s
yu cu:
Ch tiu cm quan:
- Mu sc: ht malt vng c mu vng rm, sng ng nh, mu chun l 0,3
iod; (malt en c mu sm).
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- Mi v: mi v c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt du, c

hng thm c trng, khng c c mi v l.
- sch ca malt cho php l 0,5% ht gy v, 1% cc tp cht khc.
Ch s c l:
- Trng lng kh tuyt i: 28 38g/1000ht
- Dung trng: 530 560g/l
- m: 5 8%
- ho tan: 70 80%
- Thi gian ng ho: 10 20pht 70C
- ng maltose chim t 65 70% tng cht ho tan, t l:
ng maltose/ng phi maltose = 1/0,4 1/0,51
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Thnh phn ho hc ca malt

Tinh bt
ng kh
Saccarose
Pentose
Nit formol
Cht khong
Pentozan khng ho tan v Hexozan
Cellulose
Cc cht cha nit
Cc cht cha nit khng ng t
Cht bo
% cht kh
58 65
4
5
1
0,7 1
2,5
9
6
10
2,5
2,5
2. Go
Go l nguyn liu dng ht c dng thay th mt phn malt
nhm mc ch gim gi thnh sn phm. 1
3. Hoa houblon
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn c tm quan trng th hai sau malt
trong sn xut bia, hin cha c nguyn liu no c th thay th c. Hoa
houblon gp phn quan trng to ra mi v c trng ca bia v tng bn
sinh hc ca bia. Cc hp cht c gi tr trong hoa phi k n cht ng,
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polyphenol v tinh du thm ngoi ra cn mt s hp phn khc nhng khng

mang nhiu ngha trong cng ngh sn xut bia.
Hoa houblon thng c s dng di 3 dng: hoa cnh, hoa vin v
cao hoa.
- Hoa cnh: hoa houblon ti, nguyn cnh c sy kh n hm m 11%,
sau c phn loi ri xng hi (SO2) hn ch s oxy ha v s pht
trin ca vi sinh vt.
- Hoa vin: hoa houblon sau khi x l s b, c nghin v p thnh cc
vin nh, xp vo cc ti polyetylen hn kn ming tin cho vic bo qun
cng nh vn chuyn.
- Cao hoa: trch ly cc tinh cht trong hoa bng cc dung mi hu c (toluen,
benzen... ), sau c c thu ly ch phm dng cao.
1 kg hoa vin = 1,3 1,5 kg hoa cnh
1 kg cao hoa = 7 10 kg hoa cnh
Cc ch tiu k thut ca hoa:
- Hoa cnh c mu vng hi xanh, hoa vin c mu xanh, cao hoa c mu en
hoc vng. Hoa cnh s dng l hoa ci cha th phn, nghin cn dnh.
- Hoa c mi thm c trng, khng ln cc tp cht.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thnh phn
m
Cht ng
Polyphenol
Tinh du thm
Cellulose
Cht khong
Protein
Cc hp cht khc
% cht kh
11 13
15 21
2,5 6
0,3 1
12 14
58
15 21
26 28
4. Nc
Trong qu trnh sn xut bia, nc c s dng rng ri trong mi
khu, t cc cng on chnh nh nu, lc ... n cc khu v sinh. Trong
thnh phn bia, nc cng chim mt lng ln (80 90%), gp phn hnh
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thnh nn hng v ca bia. Bi vy, nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c

cht lng tt, p ng c cc ch tiu quan trng:
- Nc ung phi m bo yu cu v sinh an ton thc phm.
- Nc trong sut, khng mu, khng mi, khng v, khng c tp cht c
hc.
- cng <10H.
- Hm lng cc ion: Ca2+: < 250mg/lt; Mg2+: < 100mg/lt; Na+: 15 20
mg/lt; Fe2+: 0,2 0,5mg/lt; SO42-: < 250 mg/lt; mui cacbonat < 50mg/l;
mui clorua < 50mg/l; mui phospho < 5000mg/l; khng c ng, km;
amoniac v mui nitrit < 0,1mg/l.
- pH 6,5 7,0.
- Ch s coli < 3.
5. Nguyn liu ph tr khc
Nguyn liu ph tr dng trong sn xut bia ch yu l: acid , bt tr lc,
cht ty ra, cht st trng, ...
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II. Chn phng php nu

Mc ch ca qu trnh nu l: Ho tan cc cht c trong malt, go. S
dng h enzyme ca malt thu phn tinh bt thnh ng, dextrin; thu
phn protein thnh axit amin, peptide, polypeptide... bn cnh cn trch ly
cc cht cht trong hoa houblon to hng v c trng cho bia.
Qu trnh nu bia c th chia lm 5 giai on chnh.
- Nghin nguyn liu
- H ho v ng ho
- Lc dch ng
- Nu hoa
- Lng xoy v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho
1. Nghin nguyn liu
Nghin malt: V cu to ht malt c 2 phn chnh l v v ni nh.
m bo qu trnh ng ha t hiu qu cao th phn ni nh malt phi
c nghin cng nh cng tt. Nhng lp v tru khng mang thnh phn
cht chit cn thit ca dch ng nu nghin nh s lm dch ng ng
cht gy nh hng m tnh n tnh cht cm quan ca bia thnh phm, hn
na lp v tru li ng vai tr to lp mng lc tch cc trong qu trnh lc
dch ng do ch nn nghin th malt. Thc t khng c phng n no
tho mn ti u cho cc yu cu nu trn m m bo cng ngh sn xut
ra bia thnh phm t cht lng cao ngi ta chn gii php nghin th malt
bng my nghin trc.
C 3 phng php nghin malt thng c dng l: nghin kh, nghin m
v nghin t.
Nghin kh: c u im l cu to thit b n gin vn hnh d dng, c th
nghin trc mt ngy trc khi nu, c th nghin malt c nhuyn km
nhng c nhc im l v tru thng b nt lm dch ng ng cht, qu
trnh lc kh khn.
Nghin m: cc thit b s dng cng ch yu cu nh nghin kh, c th khc
phc c mt phn hin tng nt v tru.
Nghin t: yu cu thit b chu n mn, thit b c kch thc ln, vn hnh
nghim ngt, nghin xong phi nu ngay nhng c u im ni tri l bo
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ton c lp v tru trong qu trnh nghin do dch ng thu c c

cht lng cao, qu trnh lc thun li.
Cn c vo u nhc im ca cc phng php em chn phng php
nghin malt l nghin t bng my nghin trc nghin malt t.
Nghin go: t c hiu qu h ho v ng ho cao yu cu
go phi c nghin tht mn do gii php nghin go bng my nghin
ba l phng php n gin m t c hiu qu cao.
2. H ho v ng ho
V nu bia y c s dng nguyn liu thay th nn khng th s dng
phng php ng ha ton khi lin tc v phng php ny ch thch hp
khi s dng 100% nguyn liu l malt c nhuyn tt v ln men ni. Nu
s dng phng php ng ha gin on un si tng phn nguyn liu
to bc nhy nhit th yu cu phi c ni phi trn c bo n, nhng
mt nhc im rt ln l qu trnh ko di tn nng lng cp hi t v
bm. Do y em chn phng php nu h ho go ring, dch cho sau
h ho c ng ho chung vi matl. Vi phng php ny thi gian nu
c rt ngn m vn m bo hiu sut ng ho, c th thit k ni cho
v ni malt cu to ging nhau ch khc nhau v th tch nn s linh ng
trong t chc sn xut. Ni nu phi thit k h thng o hi cp nhit cho
qu trnh nu, ng thi phi c cnh khuy ho trn u dch bt v
chng kh dch st v.
3. Lc dch ng
tch b malt v lm trong dch ng th cc gii php thng c
t ra l phn ly v lc, tuy nhin do lc c u im l kh nng tch loi cn
tt hn, ch to v vn hnh thit b n gin hn nn hin nay hu ht cc
nh my bia u s dng phng php lc lm trong dch ng. Thit b
lc dch ng thng c s dng l my lc khung bn v thng lc y
bng.
My lc khung bn c u im l thit b c kch thc nh gn hn
thng lc y bng, lc nhanh tn t nc ra b, nhng thit b khng kn
nn dch ng b oxy ho nhiu, tn nhiu lao ng th cng vn hnh,
v sinh v bo dng cng tn cng hn. Thng lc y bng chim din tch
ln, lc chm nhng nng sut lc vn ln hn my lc khung bn. Thng lc
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y bng c kt cu c gii t ng nn vn hnh n gin, bo n tt, thng

kn nn dch ng t b oxy ho hn. Cn c vo nhng iu trn em chn s
dng thng lc y bng lc dch ng. Thng lc y bng c y gi
cch y tht khong 2cm, c h thng co b nhanh chng to v to li
lp lc, to khng gian gom dch ng. Pha di thng cn c h thng ng
gom dch, bn cnh cn cn thit b n nh lu lng dch trc bm,
ng ng dn dch ra cn thit k on vng ln trnh to p sut chn
khng lm bt l lc, ng thi tch i mt phn cn lng ca dch lc. Cn
thit k c ng ng thng p v hi lu dch lc cn c.
4. Nu hoa
Nu hoa nhm mc ch bt hot h enzyme ca malt ng thi cng l
mt cng on dit vi sinh vt cn tn ti trong dch ng nhm m bo
qu trnh ln men sau ny n nh, m bo cht lng ca bia thnh phm.
Bn cnh qu trnh ny cng trch ly cc cht c li ca hoa vo dch
ng: cht ng trong hoa houblon vo dch ng, thnh phn ny to v
ng du c trng cho bia ng thi cng km hm cc vi sinh vt gy c
cho bia thnh phm; cc cht tanin lm kt ta m cao phn t to mng ko
theo cc phn t d kt lng trong dch ng; tinh du thm to hng cho
bia thnh phm... Ngoi ra trong qu trnh ny cn din ra nhiu phn ng
ph khc nh: phn ng melanoid, phn ng caramel ho... m bo cp
nhit cho qu trnh si mnh lit ca dch cn thit k c h thng ng chm
gia nhit trung tm ng thi vi v o hi.
K thut nu b sung hoa 3 ln t hiu sut trch ly cao:
Phn 1: B sung cao hoa khi dch si khong 15 pht. Phn cao hoa ny c
hm lng axt ng v tanin cao nhm to v ng, kt ta cc m cao phn
t trong dch ng.
Phn 2: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin khi dch si c khong 60 pht.
Phn 3: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin trc khi a sang ni lng xoy 10 pht.
Phn hoa vin c hm lng axt ng thp hn cao hoa m ch yu cung
cp tinh du thm to hng cho bia.
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5. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho

y l giai on d nhim tp nht c bit l nhim cc loi vi khun
chu nhit c th gy cho bia thnh phm c mi v l do cn thit k cc
thit b m bo trnh nhim tp cho bia.
lm trong dch ng c th s dng cc thit b: thng thp h,
thng kn lc ly tm, my lc tm, lng xoy... y em chn thit b lng
xoy lm trong dch ng. Thit b lng xoy c cu to n gin, vn
hnh d dng, da vo lc ly tm v trng lc nn c th t hiu qu cao
trong vic phn ly b hoa v cc cn lng khc ra khi dch ng. trnh
nhim tp trong khi lng xoy th ng hi thng lng xoy thit k c ng
knh bng khong 1/10 ng knh thng dng hi bc ln mnh
ngn nga s nhim tp. tng hiu qu phn ly th ng ng a dch
ng vo lng xoy phi thit k thu hp tng vn tc dng chy trc
khi vo tip tuyn vi thnh thng v tr cch y 1/3 chiu cao thng nhm
tn dng hiu qu lc ly tm. ng ng cp dch cng nn thit k on
cong ln nhm tch bt mt phn cn ca dch v n nh dng dch. Dch
trong c tho ra bng c ng ng tip tuyn cch y mt khong v c
pha y nhm trnh ko theo b. B hoa c tho ra y thng bng vic
x nc vo thng, tho b d dng thit k y thng hi nghing so vi
mt phng nm ngang chng 3 5.
Lm lnh dch ng h nhit dch ng xung ti nhit ln
men. trnh nhim tp giai on ny cn tin hnh lm lnh nhanh dch
ng, ng thi cng y nhanh tin trnh sn xut. y em chn thit
b trao i nhit kiu tm bn, lm lnh 1 cp, vi cht ti nhit l nc lnh
2C lm lnh nhanh dch ng. Nc sau khi ly nhit ca dch ng
c dng phc v qu trnh nu v v sinh h thng ni nu. Ngay sau
lnh nhanh b tr thit b sc khng kh v trng vo dch ng ri a i
ln men.
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III. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men

Ln men l giai on quyt nh chuyn ho dch ng houblon ho
thnh bia di tc ng ca nm men thng qua hot ng sng ca chng.
Qu trnh quan trng nht v phc tp nht giai on ny l qu trnh ln
men ru ca cc loi ng trong c cht. Song song vi qu trnh ln
men ru hoc sau , trong dch ln men cn xy ra rt nhiu qu trnh ho
sinh, sinh l, ho l, ho hc v l hc phc tp khc. Nhng qu trnh ny
ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong vic n nh thnh phn v cht
lng ca bia.
1. Chn chng nm men
y thc hin qu trnh ln men chuyn ho dch ng houblon ho
thnh bia vng em chn chng nm men chm thuc loi Saccharomyces
carlbergensis.
c im: nm men Saccharomyces carlbergensis, t bo nm men hnh cu
hay bu dc, kch thc trung bnh l 3 15m, sinh sn ch yu bng
phng thc ny chi, c kh nng ln men iu kin nhit thp nn
gim c s nhim tp v to c bia c cht lng cao bn sinh hc, n
c kh nng ln men cc loi ng glucose, fructose, maltose... v c bit
do nm men c kh nng tng hp c enzyme melibiase nn ln men c
hon ton ng rafinose, vo cui qu trnh ln men n kt lng xung di
y do tnh cht to chm ca t bo, thun li cho vic tch men sau qu
trnh ln men quay vng ti s dng nm men.
Ngun men ging:
Nm men cp cho qu trnh ln men c th ly t chng gc tri qua hai
giai on nhn men trong phng th nghim v nhn men sn xut. Trong giai
on nhn men trong phng th nghim chng nm men gc c bo qun
dng ng kh hay bo qun lnh trong cc ng thch nghing c cy
chuyn ra bnh tam gic 100ml, ri sang bnh 1000ml, bnh 5l, bnh 20l trn
mi trng nc chit malt c b sung thm cc cht dinh dng ch yu l
dng mui khong. Mi cp cy chuyn nui trong thi gian 24h 22 25C,
nu nui lc th thi gian c th ngn hn. Sang giai on nhn ging sn xut
nm men c nui trong cc canh trng c dung tch tng dn 100l, 300l...
cho n khi lng cp cho ln men. Trong giai on nhn ging sn xut
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mi trng dinh dng nui nm men thng dng trc tip dch ng
sau lnh nhanh t phn xng nu c b sung thm cc cht dinh dng,
nhit nhn ging l 16 20C, trong qu trnh nui c sc kh thi gian
u nm men pht trin sinh khi mnh. Mt dch men ging sau nhn
ging phi t khong 100 120 triu t bo/ml.
Ngoi ra c th ti s dng sa men kt lng sau ln men. Sau khi ln
men chnh, ngi ta tin hnh tho sa men. Thng thng, c 1000 lt dch
ng cho khong 20 lt dch sinh khi nm men st, m 85 88%. Dch
ny c chia thnh 3 lp: lp di cng l lp cn bn v lp trn cng l
lp t bo cht thng dng lm thc n gia sc, ch c lp gia c mu trng
ng l nm men sch, c th ti s dng. S ln ti s dng men sa khong 6
8 ln, ty thuc cht lng nm men. ti s dng nm men kt lng cn
x l ra, bo qun v hot ho men.
Ra men: Dch b men thu c sau ln men chnh c lc v ra
nhiu ln bng nc v trng 1 2C loi b cn bn v xc nm men
cho ti khi t yu cu.
Sa men sch c kim tra xc nh cht lng, hot lc, sau bo
qun trong nc lnh nhit 0 2C.
Hot ha: Trc khi s dng, nm men pht trin tt cn phi tin hnh
hot ha ging bng cch: nui cy nm men trong dch ng mi vi t l
dch ng : men sa bng 4 : 1, sc khng kh v trng vo dch, ng thi
tng dn nhit ti gn bng nhit ln men. Khi c nhiu t bo pht
trin v cn t 0,3% th kt thc qu trnh hot ha.
2. Ln men sn phm bia chai
Bia chai c nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx y em chn
phng thc ln men gin on theo m, phng php ln men gia tc trong
cc thit b ln men kn thn tr y cn, s dng chng nm men thuc loi
Saccharomyces calbergensis chu k ln men l 21 ngy. giai on ln men
chnh dch ln men c duy tr nhit 8C trong thi gian 6 ngy. Sau
ln men chnh bia non c lm lnh xung 4C nm men d dng kt lng
v c tho ra ngoi. Cui cng h nhit dch ln men xung 2C v tin
hnh qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr lo ho bia non thnh bia tiu
chun ng thi bo ho CO2 cho bia.
Sau ln men bia c x l lc v chit chai.
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3. Ln men sn phm bia hi

Bia hi c nng dch ng trc ln men l 10,5Bx y em
cng chn phng thc ln men gin on, phng php ln men gia tc
trong cc thit b thn tr y cn, s dng chng nm men thuc loi
Saccharomyces calbergensis chu k ln men 15 ngy. Ln men chnh tin
hnh 8C trong thi gian 5 ngy. Sau ln men chnh dch ln men c h
nhit xung 4C v x nm men kt lng, ri h nhit dch ln men
xung 2C v thc hin ln men ph.
Sau ln men bia c x l lc v chit box.
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IV. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut

Go
Malt lt
Malt
Nghin
Nghin
Nghin t
H ho
ng ho
Nc
Nu hoa
Nc
Lc y bng
B malt
B hoa
Lng xoy
Lnh nhanh
Men ging
Sc kh
Khng kh
v trng
Nhn ging cp I
Cp nm men
Nhn ging cp II
Ln men
Bt tr lc
Thu hi CO2
Lc bia
Ra bock
Tng tr, n nh
Chit chai
Dn nhn
Chit bock
Bia chai
Bia hi
Xp kt
Ra chai
Thanh trng
Ra kt
S dy chuyn cng ngh
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1. Nghin nguyn liu

a. Nghin malt
Mc ch: Ph v mng tinh bt qu trnh ng ho c tt hn.
Yu cu ca qu trnh nghin malt l v cn nguyn vn v tch ra khi ni
nh, lng tm th nh. mn v bn cht bt nghin ph thuc vo my
lc, nguyn liu thay th v cht lng malt.
Trong dy chuyn sn xut ny, chn thit b lc l thng lc y bng,
nghin theo phng php nghin t, s dng my nghin c 2 cp rul.
Malt c vo phu hng chn gu ti th nht, c gu ti ny a ln
thit b cn malt, sau xung phu hng ca gu ti th hai v c a
ln vo thng cha. T y malt c chuyn dn xung my nghin ng
thi c phun nc 65C, nghin xong li b sung thm nc hn dch
t nhit 45C v t t l: bt malt/nc = 1/4, dch sa malt ny c
bm chuyn vo cc ni nu.
b. Nghin go
c im chung ca cc loi nguyn liu cha c m mm nh go
l cha tri qua qu trnh ho, cha chu tc ng bi h enzym sitase. Cu
trc thnh t bo v cc ht tinh bt ca chng cn rt chc, kh b thu phn.
Do yu cn nghin tht nh v h ho nhit cao thu c nhiu
cht chit.
Go c vo phu hng v c gu ti a ln xung my
nghin ba, bt go sau nghin c qut gi a vo phu hng ca gu ti
tip theo v c a ln cao, c vt ti a qua thit b phi trn vi nc
m ri vo ni h ho. Bt go trong qu trnh c qut gi thi v gu
ti vn chuyn sinh ra nhiu bi nn nhng v tr ny c b tr ng ng
thng vi ti lc v xyclon tch bi.
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2. Qu trnh h ho v ng ho
a. H ho
Mc ch: Do s dng nguyn liu thay th l go vi t l 20% nn cn
tin hnh h ho v dch ho go trong thit b ring trc khi ng ho
chung vi malt. V go cha tri qua qu trnh sinh hc nn thnh t bo
cha b ph v rt kh cho vic gii phng tinh bt ng ho. Do ta s
dng lng malt lt vi t l 20% so vi lng go thay th nhm mc ch
gim nht ca dch cho gip cho qu trnh nu d dng hn, tng hiu
sut cht chit v cng thun li hn cho qu trnh ng ho sau ny.
Tin hnh nu go:
Trc khi nu, tin hnh v sinh thit b bng nc nng. Bt go
c phi trn vi nc m t nhit dch khong 45C trc khi bm
vo ni vi t l: bt/nc = 1/5. Bt cnh khuy, b sung axt lactics h
pH ca hn dch xung khong 5,4 5,6. Cho malt lt vo ni vi lng bng
20% go v b sung thm nc t l: bt/nc = 1/5. Nhit ca khi
dch gim xung khong 42 43C. Bt c trn u v gi nhit 42
45C trong khong 15 pht tinh bt ht nc trng n, ng thi h
enzyme trong malt c bit l peptidase thc hin qu trnh m ho. Cp hi
nng t t nhit ca khi dch ln 72C v gi trong khong 10 pht.
Tip tc nng nhit ca khi dch ln 83C v gi trong 30 pht thc hin
qu trnh h ho tinh bt go. Cui cng cp hi un si khi dch trong
khong 30 pht trc khi bm sang ni malt. Thi gian nu mt m khong
150 pht.
b. ng ho
Mc ch: To iu kin thch hp thng qua iu chnh nhit , pH
mi trng h enzyme ca malt hot ng, c bit l h enzyme thu
phn phn ct cc hp cht cao phn t trong dch cho thnh cc hp cht
thp phn t d ho tan to thnh cht chit ca dch ng.
Yu cu ca qu trnh ng ho l dch ng thu c cha hm
lng cht chit ti a v t l gia cc thnh phn l 80% ng c kh nng
ln men.
Trong qu trnh ng ho, tinh bt c thu phn thnh cc ng
n gin v dextrin bc thp d tan; protein c thu phn thnh cc hp
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cht cha nit ch yu l c khi lng phn t trung bnh: peptide,

polypeptide, albumose; cc hp cht cha phospho nh Fitin b thu phn gii
phng axit phosphoric lm tng chua v lc m ca dch ng. Ngoi
cc qu trnh thu phn bi enzyme, trong qu trnh ng ha cn c th xy
ra cc phn ng phi enzyme nh phn ng caramel ho, phn ng melanoid,
s bin tnh protein km bn nhit, ho tan cc cht trong v malt vo dch
ng...
Tin hnh ng ho:
Trong khi ni cho nu th v sinh ni malt, khi cho si c khong
15 pht th bm dch sa malt vo ni ng ho. Bt cnh khuy o trn
u dch sa malt. B sung NaCl vi nng 200mg/l to cho bia v m
d chu, b sung axit lactics h pH ca hn dch xung 5,4 5,5 thun li
cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn v cng c tc dng kh cng ca
nc cn li. Bm dch cho sang ni malt ho trn vi dch bt malt, khi
nhit ca hn dch s vo khong 54-55C, thi gian bm cho khong 5
pht. Nng nhit khi dch ln 63C v gi trong khong 40 pht. Tip tc
nng nhit khi dch ln 72C v gi trong khong 30 pht. Nng nhit
khi dch ln 76C v gi trong khong 20 pht, ri bm sang thng lc. Thi
gian ng ho mt m khong 130 pht.
3. Lc dch ng
Mc ch: Tch dch ng ra khi b vi hiu sut thu hi ln nht, ng
thi hn ch ti a s oxy ho dch ng.
Lc dch ng c 2 giai on: giai on th nht l lc tch dch ng ra
khi b, giai on 2 l ra b rt nt phn cht ho tan cn st li trong b.
Tin hnh lc:
Trc khi tin hnh lc, thng lc cn c v sinh k bng nc, cc
mnh cc mnh ca y gi phi c ghp tht kht v cht vi nhau. L
tho b v cc van x dch phi ng cht. Bm nc nng vo cc ng dn
dch ui khng kh ng thi bm ti y khong khng gia hai y ca
thng lc. Dch ng t ni ng ho sau khi c trn u, c bm
mt ln sang thng lc, ng thi h thng co b hot ng dn u lp
b trn mt y gi. Sau khi ht dch ng h thng cnh o b c nng
ln cao. Dch ng c yn 20 pht b kt lng to thnh lp lc. C
th chia lp b thnh 3 lp: lp di cng gm cc phn t nng nht v ln
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nht, dy khong 1cm; lp gia gm v v cc phn t nng khc; lp trn

cng l cc phn t mn v nh, xm, dy khong 1cm. Sau m van thu
dch ng, ban u dch ng cn c nn ta cho hi lu tr li thng lc
trong khong 15 pht u. Khi dch ng bt u trong th kho van hi lu,
dch ng c a ngay sang ni nu hoa. Nu ni hoa cha sn sng th
dch ng c a sang ni trung gian c v bo n cha tm. Lc u tc
lc nhanh, v sau tc lc chm dn do mng lc b bt lm tng tr lc
khi cn ngng qu trnh lc dng h thng co b to li lp mng lc.
Dng p k kim tra tc lc. Thi gian p dch lc khong 90 pht. Sau
tin hnh ra b.
Tin hnh ra b gin on lm 3 ln, nc ra b c nhit 78C.
Sau khi thu ht dch ng, kho van x dch, cp 1/3 lng nc ra b, cho
cnh khuy quay lm ti lp b gii phng cht tan cn lu trong b vo
dch. yn 10 pht th tho dch, dch ny cng c bm sang ni hoa vi
dch lc trc . Kt thc qu trnh ra b hm lng ng trong b cn
0,5 1Bx. Thi gian ra b khong 60 pht.
Tng thi gian lc khong 160 pht.
4. Nu hoa
Mc ch: Qu trnh nu hoa c mc ch chnh: dit enzyme ca malt, dit vi
sinh vt; kt lng cc phn t kh tan phn tn trong dch ng; trch ly cc
cht ng v tinh du thm trong hoa houblon em li hng v c trng
cho bia thnh phm.
Trong qu trnh un hoa xy ra mt s bin i: s ng phn ho cc
-axit ng thnh izo -axit ng c ho tan cao hn v lc ng mnh
hn, v ng du hn; trch ly tinh du thm ca hoa to hng thm c
trng cho bia vng; to phc tanin-protein cao phn t to mng ko theo
nhiu phn t khc kt lng theo lm trong dch ng, to n nh keo
cho dch; v hot cc protein enzyme ca malt v dit vi sinh vt tp lm tng
tnh n nh sinh hc ca dch ng m bo qu trnh ln men sau ny dch
ng ch chuyn ho bi h enzyme ca nm men. Ngoi ra trong qu trnh
nu hoa do nhit cao xy ra cc phn ng melanoid, phn ng caramel ho
lm thay i tnh cht cm quan ca dch ng c bit l mu ca dch
ng. un hoa cn c tc dng lm bay hi mt s cht khng mong mun
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nh dimethyl sulfua v cc dn xut; c c dch ng nh qu trnh bay hi

nc; pH dch ng cng gim t 0,2 0,3.
Tin hnh un hoa:
Thit b un hoa c v sinh sch s trc mi m nu. Ngay t khi
dch lc a sang ni hoa th m van cp hi nhng mc va phi duy tr
nhit dch lc trn 75C. Sau nng dn nhit sao cho ti khi ton b
dch lc v nc ra b c bm sang ni hoa th dch ng trong ni cng
va si. Khi dch si c khong 15 pht th cho ton b lng hoa cao vo
ni. Sau khi dch si c khong 60 pht th cho 1/2 lng hoa vin vo ni.
Trc khi kt thc un hoa 15 pht th b sung nt 1/2 lng hoa vin vo
ni. T l: cao hoa/hoa vin = 1/4. Thi gian un hoa khong 90 pht.
5. Lng xoy
Mc ch: Qu trnh lng trong cng ng thi lm lnh s b dch ng
nhm mc ch tch b cc phn t rn hay cn, b hoa ra khi dch ng,
trnh bia khng b c.
c bit l cn nng c to thnh t nhit trn 60C v cn c tch b
hon ton v chng nh hng xu ti qu trnh ln men, lm bia km cht
lng, sinh ra mt s axt c hi cho bn ca bia.
Tin hnh lng xoy:
Dch ng ra khi ni hoa c bm vo thng lng xoy theo phng tip
tuyn vi vn tc 12 14m/s, di tc dng ca lc ly tm v trng lc cc
cn lng v b hoa tch ra tp trung gia thng v lng xung y. Dch ra
khi thng c nhit khong 90C c bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh.
Cn tp trung y thng khi bm ht dch c xi nc x b ra ngoi.
Thi gian lng xoy khong 30 pht.
6. Lnh nhanh
Mc ch: Qu trnh lm lnh nhanh nhm mc ch h nhit ca dch
ng ti nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ln men ng thi hn ch ti a
s nhim tp vi sinh vt, nh hng ti ln men v cht lng bia thnh
phm.
Tin hnh lm lnh nhanh:
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Sau khi ra khi thng lng xoy, dch ng c nhit 90C, c

dn vo my lnh nhanh kiu tm bn. My c cu to t nhng tm bn
gp sng ch to t thp hay hp kim Cr Ni. Cc tm bn c hnh ch nht,
c 4 tai 4 gc, trn mi tai c c l trn. Kt hp xen k cc tm bn vi
cc giong cao su to nn 4 mng dn: dch ng vo my, dch ng ra
khi my, cht ti lnh vo my, cht ti lnh ra khi my. Dch ng nng
c bm vo mt trong hai mng dn pha trn, chy thnh mng ziczac
trn b mt cc tm bn trong khong trng gia 2 tm bn lin k, dch
ng chy cc khong trng cch nhau 1 khong trng xen k bi cht ti
lnh, cui cng ra khi my mng dn di ngc pha. Nc lnh 2C
c i theo chiu ngc li t mng dn vo pha di qua cc khong
trng m dch ng khng i qua ri ra mng dn pha trn i din.
Nc lnh qua trao i nhit vi dch ng tr thnh nc nng 70 80C
c thu hi v thng nc nng a i phc v cho qu trnh nu.
7. Bo ho O2 vo dch ln men
Mc ch: B sung O2 vo dch ng trc khi ln men nhm m
bo cung cp lng O2 ban u cho qu trnh pht trin to sinh khi ca
nm men trong giai on tim pht, thch nghi v pht trin logarit.
Tin hnh b sung oxy: Sau khi ra khi my lnh nhanh, dch ng c nhit
8C dch ng c b sung oxy di dng khng kh nn sc vo
ng ng cp dch ng i ln men. Khng khi c ht qua mng lc, i
qua thp ra, qua hp ph bng than hot tnh, kh trng, lc xp trc khi
np vo dch. Khng kh nn sau lm sch v kh trng c b sung xui
theo chiu ng ng dn dch ng vo thng ln men.
8. Cp nm men v tin hnh ln men
Mc ch: Ha trn nm men vi dch ng nm men thc hin qu trnh
ln men chuyn ho dch ng thnh bia. Qu trnh ln men bao gm 2 giai
on: ln men chnh, ln men ph v tng tr bia. Ln men chnh nhm mc
ch chuyn ho cc thnh phn cht tan ch yu l cc loi ng v dextrin
thp phn t ca dch ng c houblon ho thnh ru etylic, CO2,
glyxerin v cc ru bc cao khc, axit hu c, este di tc dng ca nm
men. Ln men ph v tng tr nhm n nh cc thnh phn ca bia, to bt,
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to cc sn phm bc cao mang hng v v c trng hi ho ca bia, tng

bn keo, c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt
Qu trnh ln men c tin hnh theo phng php ln men gia tc trong
thit b thn tr y cn, phng thc ln men gin on.
Giai on ln men chnh din ra trong khong 6 ngy nhit 8C i vi
bia chai v din ra trong vng 5 ngy nhit 8C i vi bia hi. Trong
giai on ny nm men hot ng mnh to nhiu nhit, lng CO2 to thnh
nhiu nn cn phi cp nhiu glycol lm lnh v tin hnh thu hi CO2
m bo p sut trong thng ln men khong 0,7 0,8at. Kt thc giai on
ny hm ng cn li trong bia non l 3Bx. Khi h nhit khi dch
xung 4C v tho nm men kt lng. Cui cng h nhit khi dch xung
2C v tin hnh ln men ph v tng tr bia trong khong 15 ngy i vi
bia chai v 10 ngy i vi bia hi, duy tr p sut khong 1 1,2at. giai
on ny lng nm men cn li rt t, hot lc gim mt khc do nhit rt
thp nn qu trnh chuyn ho cc hp phn ca khi dch rt chm.
9. Lc bia
Mc ch: Bia sau khi ln men c lm trong t nhin (nh qu trnh lng
khi ln men ph) nhng cha t mc cn thit. Do , cn phi lc tip
loi b hon ton cn, kt ta... nhm tng bn ca bia, tng gi tr cm
quan, n nh cc thnh phn c hc.
Bia tiu chun sau qu trnh ln men c i qua thit b trao i nhit tm
bn trao i nhit vi cht ti lnh l glycol n nh nhit bia 1C
trc khi lc. thc hin qu trnh lc trong bia s dng thit b lc ng
inox v thit b lc ng xp lc tinh i vi sn phm bia chai. Thit b lc
ng c mt gin ng, trn cc ng ny c c l c 0,04m.
Qu trnh lc gm 2 giai on: giai on to mng lc v giai on lc.
Giai on to mng lc: Bt tr lc diatomide c ho vi nc v bm vo
thit b lc to mng lc. S dng 2 loi bt tr lc l Hyflosuppercell v
Standarlsuppercell mi loi 5kg cho mt ln to o lc.
Giai on lc: Bm bia vo tin hnh lc, trong giai on u dch bia ra
cn c nn cn tun hon khong 15 pht. Trong qu trnh lc bt tr lc
diatomide v vinyl polypyriolidone c b sung bng bm nh mc. Ngoi
ra, i vi sn phm bia chai trong qu trnh lc cn b sung cc ho cht
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chng oxy ho, chng c nh: polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi bt tr

lc ln 2.
Bia sau lc c bm sang cc tank cha bia trong n nh v bo ha
CO2.
10. Tng tr v n nh tnh cht ca bia thnh phm
Mc ch: Tng cht lng cm quan ca bia, chng oxy ha, chng kt lng,
tng thi gian bo qun bia, n nh cc thnh phn trong bia...
* Qu trnh tng tr, n nh bia v bo ha CO2 din ra nh sau:
Bm mt lng CO2 vo trc y ht khng kh c trong tank ra ngoi,
trnh khng bia b oxy ha do tip xc vi O2. Sau , bm bia lc vo
tank t di ln. Khi bm ht bia, tin hnh bo ha CO2 cho ti khi hm
lng CO2 trong bia t 4,5 5 g/lt. Trong qu trnh tng tr bia, duy tr p
sut trong tank 1,8 kg/cm2 v thu hi CO2 khi cn thit.
11. Hon thin sn phm
* Bia hi c chit bock phc v cho nhu cu trong ngy ca cc ca
hng, i l cc vng ln cn. Nh vy v nguyn tc m ni th bia chit
bock trc khng cn b sung thm CO2. Qu trnh chit bock tun theo
nguyn tc chit ng p m bo yu cu: rt y th tch thng bock,
khng si bt v hao ph bia t nht.
* Bia sau mt thi gian tng tr c bm sang phn xng chit chai np
vo cc chai. H thng chit chai gm mt s cng on chnh sau:
- Ra chai: chai c ngm trong nc nng trc, k tip c ra bng xt
nng, sau qua gin phun nc, h thng thi kh lm kh ri i qua b
phn soi chai trc khi a sang my chit chai.
- Chit chai: qu trnh chit chai cng tun theo nguyn tc chit ng p, sau
chai c dp nt, ra khi my chit chai chai qua b phn soi chai trc
khi vo hm thanh trng.
- Thanh trng: mc ch ca qu trnh ny l nhm dit nm men cn st
nng cao bn sinh hc ca bia.
Thit b thanh trng thng c nhiu khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng
mt nhit khc nhau. Nhit ti a thanh trng khong 65oC. Qu
trnh thanh trng cn m bo nhit ca chai i vo v i ra khi thit b l
bng nhau, ng thi khng qu chnh lch so vi nhit mi trng.
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- Bia sau thanh trng s theo bng ti vo b phn dn nhn, bn ch, sau
qua my xp kt v lu kho hoc a ngay n cc ni tiu th.
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V. Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc cp, nc thi

1. X l nc cp
Nc c ly t ging khoan s c lc qua h thng b ct bao gm 2 b
lc th v 2 b lc tinh hot ng lun phin s c cha trong b cha
trung gian tip tc c x l t yu cu phc v cho cc hot ng c
th.
* Nc dng nu v ra sa men kt lng:
Nc sau x l s b c b sung nc zaven v sc kh kh trng, ri
bm qua ct lc ct thch anh loi b cc tp cht rn. Tip theo nc
c ty mu bng than hot tnh v kh clo d. Cui cng nc c i qua
h thng lc thm thu ngc loi b cc mui tan v tp cht hu c cn
li.
Nc sau x l c thun khit cao, t cc ch tiu:
Tng lng st, mangan < 0,1mg/l
Hm lng cht rn tn ng < 0,1mg/l
Hm lng canxi, magie < 0,08mg/l
Hm lng clo d < 0,1mg/l
* Nc dng ra chai:
Nc sau x l s b c b sung nc zaven v sc kh kh trng, ri
qua b lc cha vt liu kh st, mangan. Sau nc c ty mu bng
than hot tnh v kh clo d. Tip theo nc c lm mm qua trao i ion
(cationist), cui cng c tinh lc bng lc li si. Nc sau x l y c
hm lng clo d < 0,05mg/l.
2. X l nc thi
Nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my qua h thng cng rnh c
a ti b lng s b ti y nh qu trnh lng di tc dng ca trng lc
cc tp cht nng c tch ra, cc rc thi hu c cng c loi b nh cc
song chn rc. Tip theo nc c a qua b iu ho, y nc s c
trung ho mt phn thun li cho cc qu trnh x l sinh hc tip theo.
Nc thi t b iu ho s c a qua b mtan ho vi lp lc l bn
cha h vi sinh vt k kh, ti y nc thi s c i t di ln qua lp
bn, cc cn lng s c gi li di. Nc sau x l ym kh s chy trn
qua cc mng thu sang b aeroten, y thc hin sc kh tng cng hot
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ng phn gii hiu kh ca h bn hot tnh. Sau nc thi c a qua

b lng ng tch bn ri c lng trong ln cui b tip xc trc khi
thi ra theo h thng nc thi bn ngoi nh my. Bn thu c b lng
ng mt phn tun hon vo b aeroten, phn cn li c p kh a sang
b bn v c th s dng lm phn bn.
Nc thi sau x l t tiu chun loi B vi cc thng s nh sau:
pH = 5,5 9
BOD = 50 mg/l
COD = 100 mg/l
SS = 100 mg/l
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Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn

phm
A. Lp k hoch sn xut
Nh my c thit k vi nng sut 25 triu lt bia/nm, c cu sn
phm 80% bia chai v 20% bia hi. Nng dch ng trc ln men l
12Bx ng vi bia chai, v 10,5Bx ng vi bia hi. S dng nguyn liu thay
th l go vi t l thay th l 20% cho tng lng go v malt s dng.
Do nc ta nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma, min Bc kh hu c
4 ma rt khc nhau v vy m nhu cu tiu th bia cc ma cng khc nhau.
Ma h do thi tit nng nc nn nhu cu s dng bia cao, trong khi ma
ng do thi tit lnh nhu cu v bia gim. Do nh my phi c k hoch
sn xut mt cch hp l lng bia sn xut ra tiu th ht trnh lng ph.
Bng k hoch sn xut ca nh my:
Qu
I
II
III
IV
Bia chai (triu lt)
4,5
5,5
5,5
4,5
Bia hi (triu lt)
0,5
2,0
2,0
0,5
5,0
7,5
7,5
5,0
Tng nng sut (triu lt)
Mt nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, trung bnh mi thng sn xut 25 ngy,
nhng ngy cn li duy tu, bo dng my mc thit b. Nng sut ln
nht mt thng: 2,5 triu lt.
Nng sut ln nht mt ngy: 2500000/25 = 100000(lt).
Mi ngy nu 6 m, nng sut mt m khong: 16700(lt).
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B. Tnh cn bng sn phm

Trong qu trnh sn xut, tn tht cc cng on l khng th trnh
khi nn trong trong qu trnh tnh ton ta u phi tnh n lng tn tht
tng cng on. Lng tn tht ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cht lng
nguyn liu, ch cng ngh thit b.
n gin ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia. Gi thit:
Malt c hm m 6%, hiu sut ho tan 80%.
Go c hm m 13%, hiu sut ho tan 85%.
Tn tht trong cc qu trnh ln lt l:
- Nghin: 0,5%.
- H ho, ng ho v lc: 3% cht ho tan.
- Nu hoa: 10% lng dch do nc bay hi.
- Lng xoy v lnh nhanh: 2,5%.
- Ln men: 5%.
- Lc bia: 1,5%.
- Bo ho CO2: 0,5%.
- Chit chai: 4%; chit bock: 1%.
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia chai
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 1000l bia chai l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,74824M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,18395M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,74824M + 0,18395M = 0,93219M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 1000l bia chai thnh phm:
Cng on chit chai tn tht 4%, lng bia sau bo ho CO2 l:
1000
= 1041,7(l)
1 0,04
Cng on bo ho CO2 tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau lc l:
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1041,7
= 1046,9(l)
1 0,005
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1,5%, lng bia sau ln men l:

1046,9
= 1062,8(l)
1 0,015
Cng on ln men tn tht 5%, lng dch ng a i ln men l:

1062,8
= 1118,8(l)
1 0,05
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% khi lng dch v tn hao
do co th tch khong 4%, lng dch ng sau un hoa l:
1118,8
= 1195,3(l)
(1 0.025) (1 0,04)
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh l 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi

lng dch ng sau un hoa l: 1195,3.1,048=1252,7(kg)
Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
12
1252,7 = 150,3(kg)
100
Cng on nu, ng ho, lc tn tht cht chit l 3%, lng cht chit ban
u l:
150,3
= 155,0(kg)
1 0,03
Ta c: 0,93219M = 155,0(kg)
Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 166,2(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,25M = 41,6(kg)
2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 166,2kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m W = 6%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
166,2.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 31,1(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
31,1
= 155,5(kg)
1 0,8
Lng go em nu l 41,6kg trong :

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m 13%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b go:
41,6.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,15 = 5,4(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b go t l:
5,4
= 27,0(kg)
1 0,8
Tng lng b kh l: 31,1 + 5,4 = 36,5(kg)

Tng lng b t l: 155,5 + 27,0 = 182,5(kg)
Lng nc trong b l: 182,5 36,5 = 146(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
* Lng nc trong qu trnh h ho:
ni h ho c s dng lng malt lt bng 20% lng go, tng lng bt
cho vo ni cho l: (41,6 + 0,2.41,6).(1 0,005) = 49,7(kg)
T l phi trn nc:bt = 5:1, lng nc cho vo ni h ho l:
5.49,7 = 248,4(kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
49,7 + 248,4 = 298,1(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu:
41,6.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,2.41,6.(1 0,005).0,06 = 5,9(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho:
248,4 + 5,9 = 254,3(kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5%:
254,3.0,05 = 12,7(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l: 298,1 12,7 = 285,4(kg)
* Lng nc trong qu trnh ng ho:
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho:
(166,2 0,2.41,6).(1 0,005) = 157,1(kg)
T l phi trn nc:malt = 4:1, lng nc phi trn vi malt l:
4.157,1 = 628,4(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
157,1.0,06 = 9,4(kg)
Khi chuyn ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho tng khi lng dch l:
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157,1 + 628,4 + 285,4 = 1070,9(kg)

Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
628,4 + 9,4 + (254,3 12,7) = 879,4(kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4%:
0,04.879,4 = 35,2(kg)
Lng nc cn li sau ng ho: 879,4 35,2 = 844,2(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li l: 1070,9 35,2 = 1035,7(kg)
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 1252,7(kg)
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa:
(1
12
) 1252,7 = 1102,4(kg)
100
Khi un hoa tn tht 10% th tch dch do nc bay hi, lng nc trong
dch ng trc un hoa:
1102,4
= 1224,9(kg)
1 0,1
Lng nc trong b l: 146(kg)

Lng nc cn li sau ng ho l: 844,2(kg)
Suy ra lng nc ra b:
1224,9 + 146 844,2 = 526,7(kg)
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 1035,7 182,5 = 853,2(kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 853,2 + 526,7 = 1379,9(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia chai nu c ng 22 tc hm lng cht ng l 22mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:
22
3
1000 = 73,3.10 (mg) = 73,3(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng.
Gi lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g).
Lng cht ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 73,3(g)
Suy ra: Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 318,8(g)
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Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 79,7(g)

B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa
vin c m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
318,8 0,6
= 1275,2(g) 1,3(kg)
1 0,85
5. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactics h pH ca dch xung
5,4 5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b
sung vo ni h ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung
vo ni malt bng khong 0,04% lng malt. Tng lng acid b sung l:
0,06% 41,6 + 0,04% 166,2 = 0,091(kg) = 91(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n to cho bia v m
, lng mui tng ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 200g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v
mn c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c
vinyl polypyriolidone. lc 1000 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,8 kg
diatomide mi loi v 250 g vinyl polypyriolidone.
Sn phm bia chai cn c b sung cc ho cht chng oxyho, chng c
l polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi t tr lc ln 2. Lng ho cht b
sung tng ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 180g polycarlc, 30g vicant, 22g collupulin.
* Lng men ging s dng:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.1118,8 111,9(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.1118,8 11,2(l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging
cho chu k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
* Sa men kt lng:
C 1000l bia cho 20l sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng
khong 10l. Lng men ti s dng ca 1 tank c th nhn men cho 2
tank do thc t ch ti s dng 5l sa men cn thi b 15l sa men kt
lng.
40
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* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng
vi 1000l bia cn nu 166,2kg malt v 41,6kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu
l: 166,2 + 41,6 = 207,8(kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 207,8.0,0175 = 3,6(kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.3,6 = 0,72(kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g
18g
184g
176g
Lng dch trc ln men: 1118,8(l), c ng 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi
lng dch ng trc ln men l: 1118,8.1,048 = 1172,5(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
12
1172,5 = 140,7(kg )
100
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht
chit c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l: 140,7
176
0,55 = 39,82(kg)
342
Ln men chnh tn hao th tch dch ln men l 3% th th tch bia non ng

vi 1000 lt bia thnh phm l: 1118,8 0,97 = 1085,2(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 1085,2lt bia non l:
2,5.1085,2 = 2713(g) 2,71(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l: 39,82 2,71 = 37,11(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 thot ra
l:
37,11
= 20,26(m3)
1,832
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:

0,7.20,26 = 14,18(m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c
chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm
lng CO2 trong bia ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia
sau lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch
lc cui ng thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia
hm lng CO2 t ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 1046,9 lt bia sau
lc l: (4,5 2).1046,9 = 2617,25(g) 2,62(kg)
41
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Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
2,62
= 1,43(m3)
1,832
42
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* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia chai
TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Malt
Go
Nc nu cho
Nc ng ho
Nc ra b
B malt v go
Hoa vin
Cao hoa
Dch bt go
Dch cho
Dch malt
Dch ng
Dch sau lc
Dch ng
houblon ho
Dch ng em
ln men
Bia ti
Bia sau lc
Bia trc chit
chai
Men nhn trc
tip
Men ti s dng
166,2 kg 2775 kg
41,6 kg
695 kg
248,4 lt
41,5 hl
628,4 lt
104,9 hl
527,6 lt
88,1 hl
182,5 kg 3,05 tn
318,8 g
5,32 kg
79,7 g
1,33 kg
298,1 kg 4,98 tn
285,4 kg 4,77 tn
1070,9 kg 17,88 tn
1035,7 kg 17,30 tn
1379,9 kg 23,04 tn
1195,3 lt 199,6 hl
16,62 tn
4,16 tn
24,84 m3
62,84 m3
52,76 m3
18,25 tn
32 kg
8,0 kg
29,81 tn
28,54 tn
107,09tn
103,57tn
137,99tn
119,53m3
3324 tn
832 tn
4968 m3
12568 m3
10552 m3
3650 tn
6400 kg
1600 kg
5962 tn
5708 tn
21418 tn
20714 tn
27598 tn
23906 m3
1118,8 lt
186,8 hl
111,88m3
22376 m3
1062,8 lt
1046,9 lt
1041,7 lt
177,5 hl
174,8 hl
174,0 hl
106,28m3
104,69m3
104,17m3
21256 m3
20938 m3
20834 m3
111,9 lt
1869 lt
11,21m3
280,3m3
11,2 lt
187 lt
1,12 m3
196 m3
43
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* Bng cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng bia chai:

TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
1 Acid lactics
91 g
1,52 kg
9,12 kg
1824 kg
2 NaCl
200 g
3,34 kg
20 kg
4000 kg
3 Diatomide
0,8 kg
13,4 kg
80 kg
16000 kg
(mi loi)
4 Vinyl
250 g
4,2 kg
25 kg
1250 kg
polypyriolidone
400 m3
5 Men kt lng
20 lt
334 lt
2000 lt
6 Men ti s dng
5 lt
83,5 lt
500 lt
100 m3
7 Men thi b
15 lt
250,5 lt
1500 lt
300 m3
8 Polyclarlc
180 g
3 kg
18 kg
3600 kg
9 Vicant
33 g
551 g
3,3 kg
660 kg
10 Collupulin
22 g
367 g
2,2 kg
440 kg
3
3
3
20,26 m
338,3 m
2026 m 405200m3
11 CO2 thot ra
12 CO2 c th thu
14,18 m3 236,8 m3 1418 m3 283600m3
hi
13 CO2 cn bo
1,43 m3
23,9 m3
143 m3
28600 m3
ho
44
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II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia hi

1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 1000l bia hi l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,74824M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,18395M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,74824M + 0,18395M = 0,93219M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 1000l bia hi thnh phm:
Cng on chit bock tn tht 1%, lng bia a vo chit bock l:
1000
= 1010,1(l)
1 0,01
Giai on tng tr v bo ho CO2 trc khi chit bock tn tht 0,5%, lng
bia sau lc l:
1010,1
= 1015,2(l)
1 0.005
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1,5%, lng bia sau ln men l:

1015,2
= 1030,6(l)
1 0,015
Cng on ln men tn tht 5%, lng dch ng trc ln men l:

1030,6
= 1084,9(l)
1 0,05
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% v tn tht do co th tch

khong 4%, lng dch ng sau un hoa l:
1084,9
= 1159,1(l)
(1 0,025) (1 0,04)
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh 10,5Bx c d20 = 1,042. Khi

lng dch ng sau un hoa l: 1159,1.1,042 = 1207,7(kg)
Lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
10,5
1207,7 = 126,8(kg )
100
Ta c: 0,93219M = 126,8(kg)
Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 136,0(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,25M = 34,0(kg)
45
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2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 136,0kg.
m 6%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b malt kh l: 136,0.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 25,4(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
25,4
= 127,2(kg)
1 0,8
Lng go em nu l 34,0kg.
Lng cht kh khng ho tan l 100% 85% = 15%
m 13%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b go kh l: 34,0.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,15 = 4,8(kg)
B c hm m l 80%, khi lng b go t l:
4,8
= 23,9(kg )
1 0,8
Tng lng b kh: 25,4 + 4,8 = 30,2(kg)

Tng lng b t l: 127,2 + 23,9 = 151,1(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong b l: 151,1 30,2 = 120,9(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh h ho:
ni cho s dng lng malt lt bng 20% lng go. Tng lng bt go
v malt lt cho vo ni cho l:
(34,0 + 0,2.34,0).(1 0,005) = 40,6(kg)
T l phi trn bt:nc = 1:5, lng nc cho vo ni cho l:
40,6.5 = 203,0(kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
40,6 + 203,0 = 243,6(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong bt go v malt lt l:
34,0.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,2.34,0.(1 0,005).0,06 = 4,8(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho l:
203,0 + 4,8 = 207,8(kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5% l:
0,05.207,8 = 10,4(kg)
Lng nc cn li trong dch cho sau h ho l:
46
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207,8 10,4 = 197,4(kg)

Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
243,6 10,4 = 233,2(kg)
* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh ng ho:
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho l:
(136,0 0,2.34,0).(1 0,005) = 128,6(kg)
T l phi trn malt:nc = 1:4, lng nc ho trn vi bt malt l:
4.128,6 = 514,2(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
128,6.0,06 = 7,7(kg)
Khi bm ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho th tng khi lng ca dch
l: (128,6 + 514,2) + 233,2 = 876,0(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
(514,2 + 7,7) + 197,4 = 719,3(kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4% l:
0,04.719,3 = 28,8(kg)
Sau qu trnh ng ho lng nc cn li trong dch ng l:
719,3 28,8 = 690,5(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li sau ng ho:
876,0 28,8 = 847,2(kg)
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 1207,7kg
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
100 10,5
1207,7 = 1080,9(kg )
100
Trong qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 10% do nc bay hi. Lng
nc trong dch ng trc un hoa l:
1080,9
= 1201,0(kg)
1 0,1
Lng nc trong b l: 120,9kg

Suy ra lng nc ra b l: 1201,0 + 120,9 690,5 = 631,4(kg)
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 847,2 151,1 = 696,1(kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 696,1 + 631,4 = 1327,5(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia hi nu c ng 18 tc hm lng cht ng l 18mg/l.
47
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Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:
18
3
1000 = 60.10 (mg) = 60(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng.
Gi lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g).
Lng cht ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 60(g)
Suy ra: Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 260,9(g)
Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 65,2(g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa
vin c m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
260,9 0,6
= 1043,5(g) 1,04(kg)
1 0,85
5. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactics h pH ca dch xung
5,4 5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b
sung vo ni h ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung
vo ni malt bng khong 0,04% lng malt. Tng lng acid b sung l:
0,06% 34,0 + 0,04% 136,0 = 0,075(kg) = 75(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n to cho bia v m
, lng mui tng ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 200g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v
mn c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c
vinyl polypyriolidone. lc 1000 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,8 kg
diatomide mi loi v 250 g vinyl polypyriolidone.
* Lng men ging s dng:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.1084,9 108,5(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.1084,9 10,8(l)
48
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Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging

cho chu k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
* Sa men kt lng:
C 1000l bia cho 20l sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng
khong 10l. Lng men ti s dng ca 1 tank c th nhn men cho 2
tank do thc t ch ti s dng 5l sa men cn thi b 15l sa men kt
lng.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng
vi 1000l bia cn nu 136kg malt v 34kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
136 + 34 = 170(kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 170.0,0175 = 3,0(kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.3,0 = 0,6(kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O = 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g
18g
184g
176g
Lng dch trc ln men: 1084,9(l), c ng 10,5Bx c d20=1,042.
Khi lng dch ng trc ln men l: 1084,9.1,042 = 1130,5(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
10,5
1130,5 = 118,7(kg )
100
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht
chit c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l: 118,7
176
0,55 = 33,6(kg)
342
Sau ln men chnh th tch dch gim 3%, th tch bia non ng vi 1000 lt bia
thnh phm l: 1084,9 0,97 = 1052,4(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 1052,4lt bia non l:
2,5.1052,4 = 2631(g) 2,63(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l: 33,60 2,63 = 30,97(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 bay ra
l:
30,97
= 16,91(m3)
1,832
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:

0,7.16,91 = 11,83(m3)
49
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Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c

chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm
lng CO2 trong bia ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia
sau lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch
lc cui ng thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia
hm lng CO2 t ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 1015,2 lt bia sau
lc l: (4,5 2).1015,2 = 2538(g) 2,54(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
2,54
= 1,39(m 3 )
1,832
50
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* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia hi

TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
1 Malt
136,0 kg 2271 kg
13,6 tn
680 tn
2 Go
34,0 kg
568 kg
3,4 tn
170 tn
3
20,3 m
1015 m3
3 Nc nu cho
203,0 lt
33,9 hl
4 Nc ng ho
514,2 lt
85,9 hl
51,42 m3 2571 m3
5 Nc ra b
631,4 lt
105,4 hl 63,14 m3 3157 m3
6 B malt
151,1 kg 2,52 tn 15,11 tn
756 tn
7 Hoa vin
260,9 g
4,36 kg
26,1 kg
1305 kg
8 Cao hoa
65,2 g
1,09 kg
6,5 kg
325 kg
9 Dch bt go
243,6 kg 4,07 tn 24,36 tn 1218 tn
10 Dch cho
233,2 kg 3,89 tn 12,32 tn
616 tn
11 Dch malt
876,0 kg 14,63 tn 87,60 tn 4380 tn
12 Dch ng
847,2 kg 14,15 tn 84,72 tn 4236 tn
13 Dch lc
1327,5 kg 22,17 tn
132,75
6638 tn
tn
14 Dch ng
1159,1 lt 193,6 hl 115,91m3 5796 m3
houblon ho
15 Dch i ln men
1084,9 lt 181,2 hl 108,49m3 5425 m3
16 Bia ti
1030,6 lt 172,1 hl 103,06m3 5153 m3
17 Bia sau lc
1015,2 lt 169,5 hl 101,52m3 5076 m3
18 Bia trc chit
1010,1 lt 168,7 hl 101,01m3 5051 m3
bock
19 Men nhn trc
108,5 lt
1812 lt
10,85 m3 271,3 m3
tip
Men ti s dng
10,8 lt
180 lt
1,08 m3
189 m3
51
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* Bng cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng bia hi:

TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 Acid lactics
75 g
1,25 kg
7,50 kg
2 NaCl
200 g
3,34 kg
20 kg
3 Diatomide
0,8 kg
13,4 kg
80 kg
(mi loi)
4 Vinyl
250 g
4,2 kg
25 kg
polypyriolidone
5 Men kt lng
20 lt
334 lt
2000 lt
6 Men ti s dng
5 lt
83,5 lt
500 lt
7 Men thi b
15 lt
250,5 lt
1500 lt
3
3
8 CO2 thot ra
16,91 m
282,4 m
1691 m3
9 CO2 c th thu
11,83 m3 197,6 m3 1183 m3
hi
10 CO2 cn bo
1,39 m3
23,2 m3
139 m3
ho
1 nm
375 kg
1000 kg
4000 kg
1250 kg
100 m3
25 m3
75 m3
84550 m3
59150 m3
6950 m3
52
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III. Ho cht v sinh:

1. Ha cht v sinh cc ni nu:
Cc ho cht dng v sinh cc ni nu l: dung dch NaOH 2%, dung dch
HNO3 0,1%, dung dch nc clo 10%.
Cn c theo nhp nu: Gia cc m nu trong ngy ch cn v sinh cc ni
nu bng nc nng. Trong cc khong ngh di v sinh cc ni nu bng ho
cht ty ra, kh trng. Th tch dung dch cc ho cht cn s dng cho mt
ln v sinh nh k khong 8% th tch ni nu ln nht ( l ni hoa) theo
th tch cc dung dch v sinh l: 0,08 30,4 = 2,43(m3), tc khi lng dung
dch khong 2430kg. Lng cc ho cht cn s dng tng ng l:
NaOH dng ht khan: 2% 2430 = 48,6(kg NaOH)
Dung dch acid nitric m c (63%): 0,1% 2430 / 63% = 3,86(kg HNO3
63%)
Bt Cloramin: 10% 2430 = 243(kg cloramin)
nh k 1 tun v sinh cc ni nu 1 ln th theo lch sn xut mt nm cn v
sinh khong 50 ln, khi lng ho cht tiu hao l:
NaOH: 50 48,6 = 2430(kg NaOH)
HNO3 63%: 50 3,86 = 193(kg HNO3 63%)
Cloramin: 50 243 = 12150(kg cloramin)
2. Ha cht v sinh cc thit b ln men, tng tr bia:
Cc ho cht dng v sinh cc thit b ln men l: dung dch NaOH 2%,
dung dch Trimeta HC 2%, dung dch P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Theo nhp sn xut mi ngy sn xut phi v sinh mt tank ln men,
ngoi ra cn phi v sinh h thng nhn men hay ti s dng men kt lng v
cc tank tng tr. Th tch cc dung dch CIP cn s dng mt ngy bng
khong 8% th tch mt tank ln men: 8% 140,8 = 11,3(m3)
Lng ho cht cn v sinh h thng ln men mt ngy l:
NaOH: 2% 11300 = 226(kg NaOH)
Trimeta HC: 2% 11300 = 226(kg Trimeta HC)
P3 oxonia: 0,5% 11300 = 56,5(kg P3 oxonia)
Mt nm tng ng vi 300 ngy sn xut cn lng ho cht v sinh l:
NaOH: 300 226 = 67800(kg NaOH)
Trimeta HC: 300 226 = 67800(kg Trimeta HC)
53
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P3 oxonia: 300 56,5 = 16950(kg P3 oxonia)

Tng lng NaOH cn v sinh cho c nh my mt nm l:
2430 + 67800 = 70230(kg NaOH)
Bng tng kt cc ho cht ty ra, st trng cn dng:
TT
Tn ho cht
1 nm
1
NaOH
70230 kg
193 kg
2
HNO3 63%
3
Cloramin
12150 kg
4
Trimeta HC
67800 kg
5
P3 oxonia
16950 kg
54
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Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b

I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu
Theo k hoch sn xut mt m nu ca bia hi v bia chai cng cho sn
lng bia thnh phm nh nhau, ch khc l nu bia chai s dng nhiu
nguyn liu hn bia hi (tr lng nc ra b). Do ta tnh ton thit b
ch yu theo bia chai.
1. Cn, gu ti
* Cn: Nguyn liu c cn theo tng m.
Chn cn hoa loi 5kg.
Chn cn go v malt lt c kh nng cn cao nht 500kg, chnh xc
0,5kg, c kch thc: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 1m.
Cn malt dng 3 cn in t c gn vi xylo; xylo c kch thc: ng
knh 0,8m, cao 1,5m, y cn 60 cha c khong 500kg malt; kt qu cn
khi lng malt c tnh l tr s trung bnh do 3 cn a ra.
* Gu ti: Chn gu ti c nng sut vn chuyn 4500 kg/h c thng s k
thut:
Kch thc: rng 0,5m, cao 2 4m
Vn tc ko 1,2 1,4m/s
Cng sut ng c 0,8kW
2. My nghin
* My nghin go: Mt m nu s dng 695 kg go. Chn my nghin go l
my nghin ba c nng sut 1500kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Kch thc bung nghin: ng knh 500mm, chiu rng 200mm
Kch thc my: di 1,85m, rng 1,6m, cao 1,65m
* My nghin malt: Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin l 2775kg. Chn my
nghin malt t c cng sut 4000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g chu mi mn
Kch thc thit b: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 3,2m
Kch thc trc nghin: ng knh 250mm, di 600mm
S i trc: 2
Khong cch gia 2 trc: 1,25m
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n tt nghip
Nc ngm malt c nhit 65C, lng nc dng ngm 60l/100kg.

Tng thi gian ngm v nghin khng qu 30 pht. Khi thu phn ca ht
tng ln 20%.
3. Ni h ho
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l ng vi mt m nu: 4,98 tn.
Khi lng ring ca hn hp dch bt l 1,07(tn/m3)
Th tch ca hn hp trong ni h ho l:
4,98
= 4,65(m3)
1,07
Th tch s dng ca ni l 75%, th tch ca ni cn t l:
4,65
= 6,20(m3)
0,75
* Chn thit b h ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn, lm

bng thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 =
0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
4
0,6 D +
D 2
8
D 2
4
0,2 D +
H +(
D 2
8
h1 +
h13 ) =
(0,2 D)3 = 0,554D
Ta c: 0,554D = 6,20(m3). Suy ra: D = 2,24m.

Quy chun: D = 2,2m. H = 1,32m; h1 = 0,44m; h2 = 0,33m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 2,4m.
Th tch thc ca ni l: V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.2,23 = 5,9(m3).
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8.D = 1,76m
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 1,76m, tc khuy 32v/ph.
Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni h
ho l 4,65m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
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n tt nghip
F = 0,5.4,65 2,3(m2)
4. Ni ng ho
Tng khi lng dch trong ni ng ho ng vi mt m nu l: 17,88 tn.
Dch bt c khi lng ring l 1,08(tn/m3), th tch dch trong ni ng
ho l:
17,88
= 16,56(m3)
1,08
16,56
= 22,07(m 3 )
0,75
* Chn thit b ng ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm

0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
4
0,6 D +
D 2
8
D 2
4
0,2 D +
H +(
D 2
8
h1 +
h13 ) =
(0,2 D)3 = 0,554D
Ta c: 0,554D = 22,07m3. Suy ra: D = 3,42m.

Th tch thc ca ni: V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.3,43 = 21,8(m3).
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi l: Dng = 3,6m.
Chiu cao phn hai v: H2v = 0,8D = 2,72m.
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 2,72m. Tc khuy 32v/ph.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni ng
ho l 16,56m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
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n tt nghip
F = 0,5.16,56 8,3(m2)
5. Thng lc y bng
Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
h2
Khi lng b malt v go tng ng vi mt m nu l: 3,05 tn

Khi lng ring ca b l: 0,75 tn/m3
Th tch b l:
3,05
= 4,07(m3)
0,75
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,4m

Din tch y lc:
4,07
= 10,2(m2)
0,4
4 10,2
ng knh thng lc l: D =
3,6(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,6m. Lp v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca

thng l: Dng = 3,8m.
Np nn: h2 = 0,15D = 0,54m.
Din tch y lc thc t: S =
D 2
4
3,6 2
4
= 10,2(m 2 )
Khi lng dch cn li sau ng ho: 17,30 tn

Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
16700
150,3 = 2510(kg )
1000
Qu trnh lc b v un hoa tn tht cht chit l 2%, khi lng cht chit c
trong dch ng trc lc l:
2510
= 2561(kg)
1 0,02
Hm lng cht chit trong dch ng sau ng ho l:
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n tt nghip
2561
100% = 14,8%
17300
Khi lng ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l: 1,06 tn/m3

Th tch ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l:
Chiu cao ca lp dch lc trong ni: hd =
17,30
= 16,32(m3)
1,06
Vd
16,32
=
= 1,6(m)
10,2
S
Th tch s dng ca thng l 70%, chiu cao thn tr ca thng l:

Ht =
hd
1,6
=
= 2,29(m)
0,7
0,7
y gi cch y tht 2cm, chiu cao thng phn thn tr ca thng l:

H = Ht + 0,02 = 2,29 + 0,02 = 2,31(m)
Th tch thc ca ni: V =
D 2
4
H =
.3,6 2
4
2,31 = 23,5(m 3 ) .
H thng co b quay vi tc 16v/ph.

Li lc thit k cc khe hnh nm kch thc 0,5mm 70mm, din tch thot
dch trn tng din tch sn: 14%. Ca thot dch hnh cn vi gc m rng.
Dao co b c ch to bng ng thau.
* Ca x b c thit k c ng knh 30cm c ng m bng ng c
in. B x ra c vt ti y sang xylo cha.
6. Ni nu hoa
Dch sau nu hoa c th tch: 19,96 m3
Qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 10% do nc bay hi, th tch dch trc
un hoa:
19,96
= 22,18(m 3 )
1 0,1
22,18
= 31,68(m 3 )
0,7
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm

0,15D.
59
n tt nghip
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
4
0,6 D +
D 2
8
D 2
H +(
0,2 D +
D 2
8
h1 +
h13 ) =
(0,2 D)3 = 0,554D
Ta c: 0,554D = 31,68m3
Suy ra: D = 3,85m. Quy chun: D = 3,8m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca ni hoa: Dng = 4,0m.
H = 2,28m; h1 = 0,76m; h2 = 0,57m.
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8D = 3,04m.
Th tch thc ca ni: V = 0,554D3 = 30,4m3.
Ngoi v o hi thit b cn c thit k thit b gia nhit trung tm kiu ng
chm tng cng qu trnh un si mnh lit dch ng. Din tch trao
i nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni hoa l 22,18m3. Tng din
tch b mt trao i nhit: F = 0,5.22,18 11,1(m2)
7. Thng cha trung gian
Th tch dch trc un hoa l 22,18m3. Th tch s dng ca ni l 90%, th
tch thng cn t l:
22,18
= 24,64(m3)
0,9
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm

0,15D.
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n tt nghip
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
4
0,6 D +
D 2
8
D 2
4
0,2 D +
H +(
D 2
8
h1 +
h13 ) =
(0,2 D)3 = 0,554D
Ta c: 0,554D = 24,64m3. Suy ra: D = 3,54m.

V bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng: Dng = 3,8m.
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.3,63 = 25,8(m3).
8. Thng lng xoy
y bng hi nghing 3 - 5, thn tr H = 0,8D, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
h2
Th tch thng: V =
D 2
4
H = 0,628D
Th tch dch sau un hoa: 19,96m3

H s y ca thng l 75%, th tch thng cn t l:
19,96
= 26,61(m3)
0,75
Ta c: 0,628D3 = 26,61m3. Suy ra: D = 3,49m

Quy chun: D = 3,4m. H = 2,7m; h2 = 0,51m.
Thnh thng dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 3,41m
61
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9. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh
* Chn thit b lnh nhanh l thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn c nng
sut 15m3/h c cc thng s k thut:
S cp: 1
Cht ti nhit: nc, nhit u vo ca cht ti nhit: 2C
Kch thc my: di 2000mm, rng 700mm, cao 1600mm
S v: 171
* Chn thit b sc kh c b phn lc v trng s dng than hot tnh, thit
b sc kh vo dch ng, cc ph kin km theo: ng lu lng, van mt
chiu, van gim p...
10. Thng nc nu
Chn thng cha nc nng v nc lnh c th tch nh nhau, thng thn tr
H = 1,5D, y bng, np chm cu nh ln: h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch thng l:
D 2
4
H =
D 2
4
1,5 D = 1,178D
Mt m nu bia chai lng nc s dng l:

Nc nu cho: 41,5 hl
Nc ng ho: 104,9 hl
Nc ra b: 88,1 hl
Nc v sinh khong 8% th tch ni ln nht l ni hoa:
0,08.30,4 = 2,43 (m3)
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia chai l:
4,15 + 10,49 + 8,81 + 2,43 = 25,88(m3)
Vi bia hi lng nc s dng l:
Nc nu cho: 33,9 hl
Nc ng ho: 85,9 hl
Nc ra b: 105,4 hl
Nc v sinh: 2,34 m3
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia hi l:
3,39 + 8,59 + 10,54 + 2,43 = 24,95(m3)
62
n tt nghip
Nh vy lng nc cn s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l 25,88 m3 tnh

theo bia chai. Ta ly mi thng cha lng nc dng cho 2 m nu, tc l
cha c: 2 25,88 = 51,76(m3)
Th tch cha ca thng 85%, th tch thng cn t:
51, 76
= 60,89(m3)
0,85
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 60,89m3 Suy ra: D = 3,73m.

Quy chun: D = 3,8m. H = 5,7m; h2 = 0,38m.
thng nc nng, nc c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo
ho cp qua ng ng xon rut g.
Lp v bo n dy 100mm. ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 4,0m.
11. H thng cip nu
H thng CIP nu gm: 1 thng NaOH 2% nng, 1 thng nc clo 10%,
1thng HNO3 0,1%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h1 =
0,1D, np cu h2 = 0,1D. Th tch mi thng:
V=
D 2
4
H +(
D 2 h1
8
h13
6
) =
D 2
4
1,5 D +
D 2 0,1D
8
(0,1D) 3
6
= 1,218D3
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5 8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa
l thng c th tch ln nht 30,4m3, th tch s dng ca thng l 80% th th
tch cc thng CIP cn t: 0,08.30,4/0,8 = 3,04(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 3,04(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,36(m).
Th tch thc ca mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.1,43 = 3,34(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 1,41m
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II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men

1. Tank ln men
Chn tank ln men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3,
phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,5D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 =
0,866D
h4
h3
D
h2
h1
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
Vhi =
D 2
4
( h2 +
h1
0,866 D
D 2
3
) =
(1,5 D +
) = 1,405D
4
3
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b chim 15% tng th tch c th cha ca

thng, ta c: Vtr =
D 2
4
h3 =
15
Vhi
85
Suy ra: h3 = 0,316D

Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,653D3
ng vi mt m nu th tch dch a i ln men l: 18,68m3
Ta s dng thng ln men c th cha c lng dch ng vi 6 m nu, tc
l c th tch hu ch t: 6.18,68 = 112,08(m3)
Ta c: 1,405D3 = 112,08(m3) Suy ra: D = 4,30(m)
Quy chun: D = 4,4m; h1 = 3,81m; h2 = 6,6m; h3 = 1,39m; h4 = 0,44m
Th tch thc ca thit b l: V = 1,653D3 = 1,653.4,43 = 140,8(m3)
64
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Tank ln men c lp o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca

tank l: Dng = 4,6m
Mt ngy nu lng dch ng c cha vo 1 tank ln men, chu k ln
men ko di 21 ngy i vi sn phm bia chai. Bn cnh cn cn thi
gian khong 1 ngy lc dch ng, v sinh tank Do s tank cng s
dng l 22 tank, cng vi 2 tank d tr th s tank ln men cn l 24 tank.
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II
Chn thit b nhn ging cp II l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn
gc cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha
dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c
chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Vhi =
D 2
h1
0,866 D
D 2
3
( h2 + ) =
(D +
) = 1,012D
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta

c: Vtr =
D 2
4
h3 = 0,2Vhi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D

Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/10 th tch dch ln men trong 1 tank ln
men: 0,1.112,08 = 11,21(m3)
Ta c: Vhi = 1,012D3 = 11,21(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,23(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; h1 =1,91m ; h2 = 2,2m; h3 = 0,57m; h4 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca thit b l: V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.2,23 = 12,9(m3)
Thng nhn ging c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi
ca thit b l: Dng = 2,4m.
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I
Chn thit b nhn ging cp I l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn
gc cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha
dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c
65
n tt nghip
Vhi =
D 2
4
( h2 +

h1
0,866 D
D 2
3
) =
(D +
) = 1,012D
4
3
3

c: Vtr =
D 2
4
h3 = 0,2Vhi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D

Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II:
11,21/3 = 3,74(m3)
Ta c: 1,012D3 = 3,74(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,55(m)
Th tch thc ca thit b: V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.1,63 =5,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng kinh ngoi ca thit
b l: Dng = 1,8m.
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng
Chn thit b ra men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c
chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c
Vhi =
D 2
4
( h2 +
h1
0,866 D
D 2
3
) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D
4
3
3

c: Vtr =
D 2
4
h3 = 0,25Vhi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D

Lng sa men kt lng ng vi 1000l bia l 20l, vi 1 tank ln men c th
tch dch l 112,08m3 th th tch sa men kt lng l:
112080
20 = 2241,6(l)
1000
Th tch hu ch ca thit b ra men phi gp 2 ln th tch men thu hi, tc

l khong: 2.2241,6 = 4483,2(l)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 4,48(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,57(m)
66
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Th tch thc ca thit b: V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.1,63 = 6,0(m3)

Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit
b l: Dng = 1,8m.
5. Thit b hot ho men
Chn thit b hot ho men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc
cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch
c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c
Vhi =
D 2
4
( h2 +
h1
0,866 D
D 2
3
) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D
3
4
3

c: Vtr =
D 2
4
h3 = 0,25Vhi
Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D

Thit b phi cha c lng dch bng 1/100 th tch dch ln men ng vi
1 tank ln men: 0,01.112,08 = 1,12(m3)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 1,12(m3) Suy ra: D = 0,99(m)
Quy chun: D = 1m; h1 = 0,87m; h2 = 1,2m; h3 = 0,37m; h4 = 0,1m
Th tch thc ca thit b l: V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.13 = 1,5(m3)
b l: Dng = 1,2m
6. H thng cip lnh:
H thng CIP lnh gm: 1 thng NaOH 2%, 1 thng Trimeta HC 2%,
1 thng P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h1 =
0,1D, np cu h2 = 0,1D. Th tch mi thng:
V=
D 2
4
H +(
D 2 h1
8
h13
6
) =
D 2
4
1,5 D +
D 2 0,1D
8
(0,1D) 3
6
= 1,218D3
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5-8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho 1 tank ln men
c th tch 140,8(m3), h s s dng ca cc thng CIP l 80% th th tch mi
thng cn t: 0,08.140,8/0,8 = 14,08(m3)
67
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Ta c: 1,218D3 = 14,08(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,26(m)

Quy chun: D = 2,2m; H = 3,3m; h1 = 0,22m; h2 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.2,23 = 13,0(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 2,21m
68
n tt nghip
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin

1. Thit b lc trong bia
lc trong bia y ta chn 2 thit b lc ng inox hot ng lun
phin, ngoi ra lc tinh sn phm bia chai s dng thm 1 thit b lc ng
xp c cng nng sut.
* Thit b lc ng inox: Chn my Filtrox ca c sn xut c cc thng s
k thut:
Nng sut: 25 180 hl/h
p sut lm vic ti a 6at
Thng lc: ng knh 60cm, cao 1,5m, dung tch 455l, c 44 ng lc ng
knh 2,5cm, trn ng lc c khoan l ng knh 0,04m, tng b mt lc l
8,4m2
Thng bt c dung tch 140l, tc khuy 90v/ph, tc bm nh lng
200l/h.
* Thit b lc ng xp: Chn my lc ca c sn xut c cc thng s k
thut:
Nng sut: 25 180 hl/h
p sut lm vic ti a 6at
Kch thc: ng knh 60cm, cao 1,0m.
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2
tng tr, bo ho CO2 v n nh bia sau lc ta s dng 4 thng cha
thn tr ng knh D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np cu: h2 = 0,1D, chiu cao thn
tr: H = 1,5D. Th tch ca thit b:
V=
D 2
4
H +(
D 2 h1
8
h13
6
) =
D 2
4
1,5 D +
D 2 0,1D
8
(0,1D) 3
6
= 1,218D3
Th tch hu ch ca thit b chim 85% tng th tch ca thit b:

Vhi = 0,85V = 1,035D3
Lng bia sau lc ng vi mt tank ln men cng chnh l ng vi mt ngy
nu l: 104,69(m3), do mi tank tng tr phi cha c: 104,69/4 = 26,17
(m3). Ta c: Vhi = 1,035D3 = 26,17(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,93(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,0m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m; H = 4,5m
Th tch thc ca thit b: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,03 = 32,9(m3)
69
n tt nghip

b: Dng = 3,2m
3. H thng chit bock
Lng bia hi ln nht mt ngy sn xut l: 100000(l)
Chn bock c dung tch 50(l) th s bock s dng trong ngy l:
100000/50 = 2000(bock)
* My ra bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut ca my ra bock
cn t:
2000
= 209(bock/h)
12 0,8
Chn my ra bock c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 215 bock/h
Kch thc: 1,5m 2,2m 2,1m
Nhit nc nng: 50 55C
Tn hao nc nng: 6 m3/h 0,4 at
Tn hao nc ngui: 2 m3/h 0,4 at
Cng sut ng c: 2,5 kW
* My chit bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my chit bock
cn t:
100000
= 10417(l/h)
12 0,8
Chn my chit bock thng s k thut:

Nng sut 11000 l/h
Kch thc my: 4,15m 1,6m 3,85m
S vi chit: 3
Khong cch gia 2 vi: 1,4m
Cng sut: 0,8 kW
p sut d: 0,7 at
4. H thng chit chai
Lng bia chai ln nht mt ngy sn xut l 100000(l)
Chn chai c dung tch 450ml th s chai cn dng mt ngy l:
100000
= 222223(chai)
0,45
70
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Ngy lm vic 24h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my cn t:

222223
= 11575(chai/h)
24 0,8
* Chn my ra chai c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc: 6,5m 3,44m 2,8m
Th tch b cha kim: 8m3
ng knh van xi kim: 35mm
Chu k mt vng: 12,9 pht
Thi gian ngh: 1,9 pht
S bm: 2 chic
Nng sut bm: 10 m3/h
Cng sut ng c: 7 kW
* Chn my chit chai c thng s k thut:
Kch thc: 3,5m 2m 3,2m
p sut kh nn: 2,5 bar
p sut nc cp ca bm cao p: 1 2 bar
p sut CO2 vo: 2,5 3 bar
chn khng: 0,85 0,97 bar
* Chn thit b thanh trng l hm thanh trng (tunel) c thng s k thut:
Kch thc 18m 2,7m 2,2m
Cng sut lp t 4,1 kW, s dng in p 3 pha: 400V, 50Hz
p sut kh nn: 6 7 bar, 150 l/ph
Hi 3 4 bar, 6 8 m3/h
Ting n: < 70db
Thng s hot ng:
Tc bng ti chnh: 0,339 m/ph
Nhit u vo: 4C
Nhit nc cp: 18C
Nhit nc u ra: 25 36C
Chu k chai vo ra khi my l: 62 pht
Chu k hot ng: 60 pht.Trong thi gian gia nhit 27 pht, gi nhit 10
pht, h nhit 23 pht.
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n tt nghip
Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng mt nhit

khc nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C
* Chn my dn nhn c thng s k thut:
Kch thc my: 3,56m 1,2m 1,5m
Tc quay: 15 v/ph
Cng sut ng c: 0,8 kW
Trng lng my: 300 kg
S dng keo Krones hay Eticol 6300
* Chn my bn ch c thit b cm bin, iu khin t ng
* Chn my xp kt
Mt kt cha c 20 chai, my xp kt cn t nng sut:
11575
= 579(kt/h)
20
Chn my xp kt c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 1,5m 1m 2,5m
* Chn my ra kt c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 4m 0,7m 1,5m
* Cc thit k v trang b ph tr:
Cc ni nu, tank, thng cha u c thit k cc ng ng vo ra, qu
cu CIP, ca quan st, v sinh, cp ho cht. Cc thit b c v o hi c
trang b ng h o p sut hi, cm bin o nhit nu. Cc tank ln men,
nhn men c trang b ng h o p lc CO2, cm bin o nhit . Cc
thit b c kch thc v khi lng khng qu ln c thit k cc chn
bng thp, cc thit b c kch thc v khi lng ln nh tank ln men,
72
n tt nghip
thng cha nc c t trn b b tng. Cc v tr thao tc trn cao c

thit k sn thao tc thp hn khong 75cm, c cu thang ln xung thun
tin trong qu trnh sn xut.
Ngoi ra cc ni nu cn c thit k ng hi c ng knh 30cm bng
khong 1/10 ng knh cc ni nu, thit k ny nhm mc ch to dng
hi bc ln mnh trnh s nhim tp c bit l trong giai on lng xoy.
Cc thng ra men, hot ho men, nhn men cn c trang b cnh khuy
nhiu tng, thng ra men c trang b cn in t.
Dy chuyn chit chai c thit k h thng xch ti vn chuyn chai c
trang b h thng phun nc bi trn, t trn cc chn c mng hng
nc.
73
n tt nghip
Phn V: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu nc

ca nh my
I. Tnh nhit lnh
1. Lng nhit lnh cn cp cho thit b lnh nhanh
Lng dch ng i ln men ng vi mt m nu bia chai 186,8hl, c nng
cht kh 12Bx c khi lng ring 1,048kg/l. Khi lng dch ng a
i ln men: G1 = 18680.1,048 = 19577(kg).
Dch ng sau lng xoy c nhit khong 85 90C cn c lm lnh
nhanh xung nhit ln men l 8C, t1 = 80C. iu kin ny ta ly
thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: Cn = 4,173(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: Ct = 1,314(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca dch ng:
C1 =
100 12
12
-1
-1
Cn +
C t = 3,830(kJ.kg . )
100
100
Cht ti nhit l nc c nhit 2C s c un nng ln nhit 70

75C, t2 = 70C. iu kin ny ta ly nhit dung ring trung bnh ca
nc: C2 = 4,173(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Khi lng nc cn lm lnh dch ng i ln men l:
G2 =
G1 C1 t1
19577.3,830.80
=
= 20535(kg)
C 2 t 2
4,173.70
Nc ban u c nhit 25C c lm lnh xung 2C, t = 23C. iu

kin ny nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc l: C = 4,185(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc ng vi mt m nu l:
Q = G2.C.t = 20535.4,185.23 = 1977.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc ng vi 1 ngy nu l:
QLnh nhanh = 6 Q = 11860.103(kJ)
2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men
a. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men chnh
Phn ng chnh xy ra trong qu trnh ln men:
74
n tt nghip
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q

342g
18g
184g
176g
312,3kJ
Nhit lng to ra khi ln men 1kg ng maltose l:
q=
1000
312,3 = 913,1(kJ)
342
Lng dch ng i ln men ng vi mt tank ln men bia chai l: 111,88m3

Dch ng i ln men c nng cht kh l 12Bx, c khi lng ring
1,048 kg/l.
Khi lng dch ng a i ln men ng vi mt tank ln men bia chai l:
111880.1,048 = 117250(kg)
Trung bnh mi ngy ln men nng cht kh ca dch gim 1,5Bx, tc l
mt ngy ng vi 1tank ln men lng cht kh chuyn ho l:
G=
1,5
117250 = 1758,8(kg)
100
Coi cht kh chuyn ho y l ng maltose th nhit lng to ra ng

vi mt tank trong mt ngy giai on ln men chnh l:
Q = G.q = 1758,8.913,1 = 1605918(kJ)
Lng nhit cn phi gii to 6 tank trong giai on ln men chnh trong
mt ngy l: Q1 = 6 Q = 9636.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh: Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
K: H s truyn nhit qua lp cch nhit K = 1,2(kJ.m-2.-1.h-1)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi thng ln men tng = 32C
Nhit dch ln men giai on ln men chnh ttr = 8C
t = tng ttr = 24C
F: Din tch truyn nhit (m2)
Coi tn tht ch yu phn thn tr ca thng ln men ta c:
F = Dng H = 4,6 8,0 = 115,6(m2)
Qtt = K.F.t = 1,2.115,6.24 = 3329(kJ/h)
Tn tht nhit lnh trong mt ngy c 6 tank trong giai on ln men chnh:
Q2 = 6 24 Qtt = 6 24 3329 = 479.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp cho cc tank ln men trong giai on ln men
chnh mt ngy:
QLMchnh = Q1 + Q2 = 9636.103 + 479.103 = 10115.103(kJ)
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n tt nghip
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp h nhit dch

Khi kt thc ln men chnh bia non c nng cht kh 3Bx c h nhit
t 8C xung 4C thc hin qu trnh x nm men kt lng, sau tip tc
h nhit khi dch xung 2C v thc hin qu trnh ln men ph, t = 6C.
iu kin ny ta ly thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: Cn = 4,207(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: Ct = 1,638(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca dch: C = 0,97Cn + 0,03Ct = 4,130(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Th tch bia non ng vi 1 tank ln men: 106,28m3. Bia c nng cht kh
3Bx, c khi lng ring 1,012(kg/l). Khi lng dch cn lm lnh:
G = 106280 1,012 = 107555(kg)
Giai on ny tn tht lnh ra mi trng khong 5%. Tng lng nhit lnh
cn cung cp:
QH nhit = G.C.t/0,95 = 107555.4,130.6/0,95 = 2805.103(kJ)
c. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men ph:
Trung bnh 1 lt bia non tn hao 1kJ trong ngy, th tch bia non ng vi 1
tank ln men l 106,28m3. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp i vi 15 tank
trong giai on ln men ph trong mt ngy l:
Q1 = 15 106,28.103 1 = 1594.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh: Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi thng ln men tng = 32C
Nhit dch ln men giai on ln men chnh ttr = 2C
t = tng ttr = 30C
F: Din tch truyn nhit F = 115,6(m2)
Qtt = K.F.t = 1,2.115,6.30 = 4161,6(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy ng vi 15 tank trong giai on ln men ph:
Q2 = 15 24 Qtt = 15 24 4161,6 = 1498.103(kJ)
Tng lng nhit lanh cn cung cp cho cc tank giai on ln men ph
trong mt ngy l:
QLMph = Q1 + Q2 = 1594.103 + 1498.103 = 3092.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp cho cc tank ln men trong mt ngy l:
QLn men = QLM chnh + QH nhit + QLM ph = 10115.103 + 2805.103 + 3092.103 =
16012.103(kJ)
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n tt nghip
3. Lng nhit lnh cp cho h thng cp men ging

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cp ti s dng men kt lng
* Ra men:
Lng nc ra sa men kt lng ng vi 1 tank ln men c th tch bng 3
ln th tch sa men kt lng ng vi mt tank ln men
Vn = 3 2241,6 = 6724,8(l), hay Gn = 6724,8(kg)
Nc ban u vo c nhit 25C, thc hin qu trnh ra men kt lng
nc cn c lm lnh xung 1 2C, tn = 24C. iu kin ny nhit
dung ring trung bnh ca nc l: Cn = 4,185(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc l:
Qra men = Gn Cn tn = 6724,8 4,185 24 = 675.103(kJ)
Lng men kt lng ng vi 1 tank ln men l 2241,6(l) c th ti s dng
c khong 1100(l), khi hot ho s cho 5000(l) men ging c th cp ln
men dch ng ng vi 2 tank.
* Bo qun men:
Men sa sau ra, kim tra hot lc cn c bo qun lnh nhit 0
2C. Thc hin bo qun ngay trong thng ra men, tn tht lnh trong qu
trnh bo qun l:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi tng = 32C
Nhit bo qun men sa ttr = 0C
t = tng ttr = 32C
Coi tn tht lnh ch yu thn tr ca thng th:
F = Dng H = 1,8 2,52 = 14,3(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 14,3 32 = 547,2(kJ/h)
Lng nhit lnh cn cp bo qun men trong mt ngy l:
Qbo qun = 24 Qtt = 24 547,2 = 13,1.103(kJ)
* Hot ho men:
Men sa trc khi ti s dng c ho trn vi lng dch ng c th tch
gp 4 ln th tch men sa v nhit tng t t ti gn nhit ln men
8C. Trong qu trnh hot ho cn ca dch tng ln ti khong 0,3%.
77
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Th tch dch men sa hot ho bng 1/100 th tch dch ng vi 1 tank ln

men: 1118,8(l). Coi t khi ca dch bng 1. Khi lng cn c to ra l:
0,003 1118,8 = 3,3564(kg)
Tng ng vi lng cn to thnh, nhit lng to ra l:
Q=
312,3
3356,4 = 5,7(kJ)
184
Tn tht lnh trong qu trnh hot ho:

Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit men hot ho ttr = 8C
t = tng ttr = 24C
Coi tn tht lnh ch yu phn thn tr ca thit b th:
F = Dng H = 1,2 1,57 = 5,9(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 5,9 24 = 170,5(kJ/h)
Thi gian hot ho men khong 6h, th lng nhit lnh cn cp cho qu trnh
hot ho men l: Qhot ho = Q + 6 Qtt = 5,7 + 6 170,5 103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp trong mt ngy ti s dng men kt
lng l: Qmen sa KL = Qra men + Qbo qun + Qhot ho = 675.103 + 13,1.103 + 103 =
689,1.103(kJ)
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp nhn men
* Nhn men cp II:
Lng dch ng s dng nhn men cp II bng 1/10 lng dch ln men,
tc c th tch 11188(l). Dch ng s dng nhn men c nng cht
chit 12Bx, c khi lng ring 1,048kg/l. Khi lng dch ng dng
nhn ging cp II l: 11188 1,048 = 11725(kg)
Lng cht kh c trong dch ng nhn men cp II l:
0,12 11725 = 1407,0(kg)
Trong c 80% cht chit l ng c kh nng ln men. Ta coi trong lng
cht chit chuyn ho chim 60% tng lng cht chit c trong dch ng,
th khi lng cht kh chuyn ho l: 0,6 1407 = 844,2(kg). Coi cht kh
chuyn ho l ng maltose, 1 kg ng maltose ln men to ra nhit lng
913,1kJ.
78
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Nhit lng to ra l: Q1 = 913,1 844,2 = 770,8.103(kJ)

Tn tht lnh:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit nhn men sn xut ttr = 16C
t = tng ttr = 16C
F = Dng H = 2,4 2,77 = 20,9(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 20,9 16 = 401(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy l:
Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 401 = 9,6.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp nhn men cp II l:
QNMcp II = Q1 + Q2 = 770,8.103 + 9,6.103 = 780,4.103(kJ)
* Nhn men cp I:
Th tch dch nhn men cp I bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II, tc l c
th tch: 3729(l), cng nhn men 16C v s dng dch ng c nng
cht chit 12Bx. Ta cng coi lng cht chit chuyn ho chim 60% tng
lng cht chit trong dch ng th nhit lng do nhn men cp I to ra
bng 1/3 nhit lng do nhn men cp II to ra: Q1 = Q1/3 = 770,8.103/3 =
256,9.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit nhn men sn xut ttr = 16C
t = tng ttr = 16C
F = Dng H = 1,8 2,01 = 11,4(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 11,4 16 = 218(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy l: Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 218 = 5,2.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp nhn men cp I l:
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QNM cp I = Q1 + Q2 = 256,9.103 + 5,2.103 = 262,1.103(kJ)

Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp thc hin qu trnh nhn men trong
mt ngy l:
Qnhn men = QNM cp II + QNM cp I = 780,4.103 + 262,1.103 = 1042,5.103(kJ)
Men sa c th ti s dng 7 ln, tc l thc hin 8 chu k ln men ch
cn nhn men cho 1 chu k u cn ti s dng men kt lng trong 7 chu k
sau. Mt khc ta c Qnhn men > Qmen sa KL. Do lng nhit lnh ln nht cn
cung cp trong mt ngy cp men ging l:
QCp men = Qnhn men = 1043.103(kJ)
4. Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin
Bia sau ln men c nhit 2C c lm lnh xung 1C trc khi thc
hin qu trnh lc trong bia, t = 3C. iu kin ny ta ly nhit dung ring
trung bnh ca nc v cht tan quy theo ng tan l:
Cn = 4,190(kJ.kg-1.-1), Ct = 1,672(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Bia sau ln men c nng cht kh l 2,5Bx. Nhit dung ring ca bia:
C = 0,975Cn + 0,025Ct = 4,127(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Lng bia sau ln men ng vi 1 tank ln men: 106,28m3. Bia c nng
cht kh 2,5Bx, c khi lng ring 1,01kg/l. Khi lng bia ti l:
G = 106280 1,01 = 107343(kg)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp h nhit bia ng vi mt tank ln men
l: Q1 = G.C.t = 107343.4,127.3 = 1329.103(kJ)
Bia sau lc nhit s tng ln n khong 1 2C, s c tng tr trong 4
thng cha c v o lnh v bo n gi nhit 1 2C. Tn tht lnh
trong qu trnh ny l:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit bia tng tr ttr = 1 2C
t = tng ttr = 31C
F: Din tch b mt truyn nhit (m2)
Coi tn tht nhit ch yu thn tr ca cc thng tng tr th:
F = Dng H = 3,2 4,5 = 45,2(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 45,2 31 = 1683(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong 1 ngy c 4 thng tng tr l:
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Q2 = 4 24 Qtt = 4 24 1683 = 162.103(kJ)

Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin trong mt ngy:
QHon thin = Q1 + Q2 = 1329.103 + 162.103 = 1491.103(kJ)
5. H thng lnh
Tng lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cung cp mt ngy cho h thng sn xut
chnh:
QLnh = QLnh nhanh + QLn men + QCp men + QHon thin =
= 11860.103 + 16012.103 + 1043.103 + 1491.103 = 30406.103(kJ)
Tn hao lnh trn h thng ng ng vn chuyn lu th v cc thng cha
nc, glycol khong 10% tng lng nhit lnh tiu th cho h thng sn
xut chnh ca nh my. Tng lng nhit lnh tiu th cho h thng sn xut
chnh ca nh my mt ngy:
QLnh = QLnh/0,9 = 29196.103/0,9 = 33784.103(kJ)
Chn h thng lnh c cng sut 600kW, s dng mi cht lnh l NH3,
cht ti lnh trung gian l nc glycol 26%. Nc glycol c lm lnh
xung nhit khong 4C n 2C c cha trong thng glycol cp t
y nc glycol c a i lm lnh cc b phn, nc glycol sau cp
lnh nhit tng ln khong 5 7C c cha trong bnh glycol hi li
c a qua h thng lm lnh tr thnh nc glycol lnh, t = 9C.
iu kin ny ly thng s trung bnh ca nc glycol 26% l:
Nhit dung ring: C = 3,76(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Khi lng ring: d = 1062(kg/m3)
Lng nc glycol cn cp tng ng vi mt ngy l:
Gnc glycol =
Q
33784.103
=
= 998.103(kg)
3, 76 9
C t
Th tch nc glycol tun hon trong mt ngy l:

Vnc glycol = G/d = 998.103/1062 = 940(m3)
Nh vy trong mt gi lng nc glycol tun hon khong 39 m3.
S dng 2 thng cha nc glycol, 1 thng nc glycol cp v 1 thng nc
glycol hi mi thng c th tch khong 30 35m3. S dng thng cha nc
glycol thn tr ng knh D cao H = 1,5D, y cu nh ra h1 = 0,1D, np cu
nh ln h2 = 0,1D, th tch thng:
V=
D 2
4
H +(
D 2 h1
8
h13
6
) =
D 2
4
1,5 D +
D 2 0,1D
8
(0,1D) 3
6
= 1,218D3
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Ta c: 1,218D3 = 35(m3) Suy ra: D = 3,06(m)

Quy chun: D = 3,0; H = 4,5m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,03 = 32,9(m3)
Thng c v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng: Dng = 3,2m
Thng nc :
Lng nc cn dng trong mt ngy lm lnh nhanh l:
6 20535 = 123210(kg)
Lng nc cn ra sa men kt lng trong mt ngy l: 6725(kg)
Tng lng nc tiu tn trong mt ngy l: 123210 + 6725 = 129935(kg)
tc l khong 130m3.
S dng thng nc thn tr ng knh D cao H = 1,5D, y bng, np
cu nh ln h2 = 0,1D. Th tch thng l:
D 2
4
H =
D 2
4
1,5 D = 1,178D
Thng cha c lng nc tng ng vi 2 m nu, tc l cha c

43,3m3 nc . Th tch s dng ca thng 90% th thng cn t th tch:
43,3/0,9 = 48,1(m3)
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 48,1(m3) Suy ra: D = 3,44(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,6m; H = 5,4m; h2 = 0,36m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 1,178D3 = 1,178.3,63 = 55,0(m3)
Thng c lp v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, v o lnh c s dng
gi lnh cho nc trong thng.
ng knh ngoi ca thng l: Dng = 3,8m.
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II. Tnh hi
Nhit lng cung cp nng nhit khi dch t nhit t1 t2 (C) l:
Q = GCt (kJ)
t = t2 t1 (C)
G: Khi lng dch (kg)
C: Nhit dung ring ca khi dch (kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit ca khi dch l:
Q = W.L (kJ)
W: Lng nc bay hi (kg)
L: Nhit ho hi ca nc (kJ/kg)
Lng hi cn cung cp:
D=
Q
(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
Q: Lng nhit cn cung cp (kJ)

0,96: bo ho ca hi nc
: Thi gian cp nhit (h)
ih: Hm nhit ca hi bo ho (kJ/kg)
in: Hm nhit ca nc ngng (kJ/kg)
S dng hi nc bo ho c p sut 3at ta c:
ih = 2727,6(kJ/kg), i = 558,4(kJ/kg)
1. Lng hi cp cho ni h ho
ni h ho dch bt vo ban u c nhit khong 42 - 43C, c nng
nhit ln 72C v gi 10 pht, nng ln 83C v gi 30 pht, cui cng un
si 30 pht nhit khong 102 - 103C, t = 60C. iu kin ny ta ly
cc thng s trung bnh sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc l: L = 2280(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc C1 = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo tinh bt C2 = 1,327(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch bt trong ni c t l bt:nc = 1:5
Nhit dung ring ca dch bt khong:
C = (5.C1 + C2)/6 = 3,71(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai ni cho:
Tng khi lng dch bt G = 4980(kg)
83
n tt nghip
Lng nc bay hi W =
16700
12,7 = 212,1(kg)
1000
Nhit lng cn nng nhit cho khi dch l:

Q1 = G.C.t = 4980.3,71.60 = 1109.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 212,1.2280 = 484.103(kJ)
Ngoi ra cn phi tiu tn mt lng nhit un nng thit b, tiu tn cho
khong trng, tht thot ra mi trng chim khong 5% tng lng nhit
tiu tn cho ni h ho. Tng lng nhit tiu tn cho qu trnh h ho l:
Qhh =
Q1 + Q2
= 1676.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian cp nhit l = 2h. Lng hi cn cp cho ni h ho l:

Dh ho =
Qhh
1676.103
=
= 402,4(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 2 (2727,6 558,4)
2. Lng hi cp cho ni ng ho
ni ng ho, sau khi bm dch cho sang hn dch c nhit khong 54
55C, nng nhit ln 63C v gi 40 pht, nng ln 72C v gi 30 pht,
cui cng nng ln 76C v gi 20 pht, t = 22C. iu kin ny ta ly cc
thng s trung bnh sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc l: L = 2340(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc C1 = 4,182(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo tinh bt C2 = 1,305(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch bt trong ni c t l bt:nc = 1:4,17
Nhit dung ring ca dch bt khong:
C = (4,17.C1 + C2)/5,17 = 3,626(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai ni malt:
Tng khi lng dch bt G = 17880(kg)
Lng nc bay hi W =
16700
35,2 = 587,8(kg)
1000

Q1 = G.C.t = 17880.3,626.22 = 1426.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit cho khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 587,8.2340 = 1375.103(kJ)
84
n tt nghip
Nhit lng hao ph un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot
ra mi trng chim 5%. Tng lng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh ng
ho l:
Qh =
Q1 + Q2
= 2949.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian cp nhit l = 1,85h. Lng hi cn cp cho ni ng ho l:

Dng ho =
Qh
2949.103
=
= 765,5(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 1,85 (2727,6 558,4)
3. Lng hi cp cho ni nu hoa

Dch sau lc c nhit khong 70C, trong qu trnh nu hoa dch c un
si nhit khong 105C, t = 35C. Thi gian nu hoa khong 90 pht.
iu kin ny ta ly cc thng s trung bnh sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc: L = 2245(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc: C1 = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: C2 = 0,997(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch ng trc un hoa ng vi 1000 lt bia chai c khi lng nc l
1224,9kg, c khi lng cht chit l 150,3kg.
T l nc:cht tan = 1224,9:150,3 = 8,15:1
Nhit dung ring ca dch: C = (8,15.C1 + C2)/9,15 = 3,837(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai, ni nu hoa:
Tng khi lng dch l: G = 23040(kg)
Lng nc bay hi l: W =
16700
(1379,9 1252,7) = 2124,2(kg)
1000

Q1 = G.C.t = 23040.3,837.35 = 3094.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit cho khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 2124,2.2245 = 4769.103(kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot
ra mi trng khong 5%. Nhit lng cn cung cp cho ni nu hoa l:
Qhoa =
Q1 + Q2
= 8277.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian cp nhit l = 1,5h. Lng hi cn cp cho ni nu hoa l:

Qhoa
8277.10 3
=
= 2650(kg/h)
Dhoa =
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 1,5 (2727,6 558,4)
85
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4. Lng hi cp cho thit b un nng nc

Lng nc cn cung cp cho phn xng nu ng vi mt m nu bia chai
l: G = 25880kg. Trong , s dng li lng nc sau khi lm lnh dch
ng ng vi mt m nu khong 20535kg c nhit khong 70 - 75C.
Phn cn li l nc mi b sung khong 5345kg c nhit 25C. Hn hp
nc ny c nhit khong 60C c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi
nc bo ho p sut 3at, t = 25C. iu kin ny ta ly thng s trung
bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: C = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn cung cp nng nhit cho nc l:
Q = G.C.t = 25880.4,186.25 = 2708.103(kJ)
Nhit lng tiu tn un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot
ra mi trng l 5%. Nhit lng cp cho thit b un nng nc ng vi mt
m nu bia chai l:
Qn =
Q
= 2851.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian un nc ng vi 1 m nu l 1,5h. Lng hi cn cp cho thit b

un nc nng l:
Dnc =
Qn
2851.10 3
=
= 912,7(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 1,5 (2727,6 558,4)
5. Lng hi cp cho phn xng hon thin

Trong mt ngy lng bia c chit chai l 100000 lt, hay 222223 chai
450ml. Khi lng mi chai y bia l 0,6kg. Coi lng nc nng dng
thanh trng chai v ra chai, ra kt ng vi mt chai l 0,6kg. Khi lng
nc cn c un nng l: G = 222223.0,6 = 133334(kg)
Nc ban u c nhit 25C c un nng ti nhit 80C, t = 55C.
iu kin ny ly thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc l: C = 4,174(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn cung cp un nng nc l:
Q = G.C.t = 133334.4,174.55 = 30609.103 (kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph khong 5% tng lng nhit cn cp. Nhit lng cn
cung cp cho phn xng hon thin trong mt ngy l:
Qht =
Q
= 32220.103(kJ)
1 0,05
86
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Lng hi cn cung cp cho phn xng hon thin l:

Qht
32220.103
=
= 644,7(kg/h)
Dhon thin =
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 24 (2727,6 558,4)
6. Lng nhin liu cho ni hi

Ngoi lng hi cp cho cc phn xng nh tnh trn cn phi cp mt
lng hi thanh trng ng ng, thit b khong 200 kg/h
Tng lng hi cn cung cp cho ton nh my l:
D = Dh ho + Dng ho + Dhoa + Dnc + Dhon thin + 200
= 402,4 + 765,5 + 2560 + 912,7 + 644,7 + 200 = 5485,3(kg/h)
Tn tht nhit v hi t trn h thng ng ng cp hi cho ton nh my
khong 10% tng lng hi tiu th cho ton nh my. Tng lng hi tiu
th ca ton nh my l: D = D/0,9 = 5485,3/0,9 = 6095(kg/h)
Ta s dng 3 ni hi, 2 ni c nng sut 4000kg/h v 1 ni c nng sut
2500kg/h, p sut lm vic 8at, p sut lm vic ln nht 10at.
L hi s dng nhin liu dng rn l than, 1kg than cung cp nhit lng
34400kJ. Lng nhin liu cn dng c tnh theo cng thc:
M=
D (i h i n )
(kg/h)
Q 1 2
D: Lng hi tiu th D = 6095(kg/h)

Q: Nhit lng ca than Q = 34400(kJ/kg)
ih: Hm nhit ca hi nc bo ho p sut 8at ih = 2772,4(kJ/kg)
in: Hm nhit ca nc ban u ( 25C) in = 104,7(kJ/kg)
1: H s t chy ca than 1 = 0,9
2: H s s dng ca l hi 2 = 0,75
M=
6095 (2772,4 104,7)

= 700,2(kg/h)
34400 0,9 0,75
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt ngy:

24M= 16,8(tn)
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt thng, thng lm vic nhiu nht 25 ngy:
25.16,8 = 420,1(tn)
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt nm, lm vic 250 ngy:
250.16,8 = 4201(tn)
87
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III. Tnh nc
1. Lng nc dng cho phn xng nu
Lng nc cn cp cho phn xng nu nhiu nht mt ngy l:
Nc cn cung cp cho mt m nu bia chai k c nc v sinh h thng ni
nu l: 25,88m3. Mt ngy nu nhiu nht 6 m th lng nc cn cung cp
l: 6 25,88 = 155,28(m3)
Lng nc cn lm lnh dch ng houblon ho ng vi mt m nu
bia chai l: 20535(kg). Coi nc c t khi bng 1, lng nc cn lm
lnh dch ng ng vi mt ngy nu bia chai l: 6 20,535 = 123,21(m3).
Lng nc ny sau khi lm lnh nhanh dch ng tr thnh nc nng c
nhit khong 70 75C s c dng lm nc nu v v sinh h thng
ni nu.
Do lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng nu thc hin
qu trnh sn xut trong mt ngy khong: 155,3(m3)
2. Lng nc dng cho phn xng ln men
Lng nc dng v sinh cc thit b ca phn xng ln men trong mt
ngy c th tch bng 8% th tch 1 tank ln men, tc l khong: 0,08 140,8
= 11,3(m3)
Lng nc cn cung cp ra men kt lng mt ngy khong 6,7(m3).
Lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng ln men trong mt ngy
thc hin qu trnh sn xut khong: 11,3 + 6,7 = 18,0(m3)
3. Lng nc dng cho phn xng hon thin
S lng chai ng vi mt ngy sn xut ca nh my l: 222223(chai
450ml). ng vi mi chai cn lng nc v sinh, thanh trng khong 1 lt.
Do tng lng nc cn v sinh chai, thanh trng chai v v sinh kt
ng vi 1 ngy sn xut bia chai khong: 222,2(m3).
S lng bock ng vi mt ngy sn xut ca nh my l: 2000(bock 50l).
ng vi mi bock cn lng nc v sinh khong 10 lt. Do tng lng
nc cn ra bock ng vi mt ngy sn xut bia hi khong: 20(m3).
Nh vy lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng hon thin trong
mt ngy thc hin qu trnh sn xut khong: 222,2(m3)
88
n tt nghip
4. Lng nc dng cho cc hot ng khc ca nh my

* Lng nc cn cung cp cho ni hi:
Hi sau khi cp nhit s ngng t, nc ngng c th thu hi v ti s dng
cp cho ni hi khong 75%. Do lng nc cn cp cho ni hi
khong 25% lng hi cn cp.
Lng hi tiu th ca nh my l: 6095(kg/h)
Lng nc cn cp cho ni hi mt ngy l: 0,25 24 6095 = 36570(kg)
Tc khong 36,6(m3)
* Lng nc dng v sinh nh xng:
Din tch nh sn xut chnh: 24 36 = 864(m2)
Din tch khu tank ln men: 24 36 = 864(m2)
Din tch phn xng hon thin: 30 36 = 1080(m2)
Tng din tch khu vc sn xut chnh ca nh my:
864 + 864 + 1080 = 2808(m2)
Trung bnh lng nc dng v sinh nh xng l 3 lt/m2/ngy. Lng
nc dng v sinh khu vc sn xut chnh trong mt ngy khong: 8,4(m3)
* Lng nc phc v cc nhu cu sinh hot:
Lng nc sinh hot v phc v cc nhu cu khc ca nh my bnh qun
mt ngy khong 40 lt/ngi. Ton th nh my c khong 200 cn b cng
nhn vin. Vy lng nc cn cung cp l: 200 40 = 8000(l) = 8,0(m3)
Tng lng nc cn cp cho ton nh my trong mt ngy:
155,3 + 18,0 + 222,2 + 36,6 + 8,4 + 8,0 = 448,5(m3)
Chn b cha nc sau x l s b c kch thc 10m 10m 5m, dung tch
khong 500m3, xy bng b tng ct thp. Hai b nc sau x l cho phn
xng nu v cho phn xng hon thin bng tn kch thc 5m 5m 4m,
dung tch 100m3.
89
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IV. Tnh in
1. Ph ti chiu sng
Trong cc phn xng sn xut lp t h thng n chiu sng bao gm
cc bng n si t cng sut 100w/bng v n neon cng sut 40w/bng.
Cc bng n c lp t cc v tr cao khong 2,5 4m ty thuc v tr
lm vic, kch thc ca thit b khong cch gia mi bng L vo khong
3 4m, khong cch t cc bng ngoi cng n tng l khong 0,25 0,35L
( y ta ly trung bnh L = 3,5m; l = 1m).
Nh c kch thc A B(mm) th s bng theo mi hng v s hng bng
mt tng nh l:
n1 =
A 2l
+ 1 = (A 2)/3,5 + 1
L
n2 =
B 2l
+ 1 = (B 2)/3,5 + 1
L
Tng s bng b tr trong nh: N = n1 n2 e(s tng nh)

Gi n c cng sut P th cng sut thp sng l: Pcs = n P
90
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Bng s lng bng n, cng sut chiu sng i vi cc cng trnh

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Tn cng trnh
Kch
S bng n
thc
N=n1n2(e)
(m m)
Nh sn xut chnh
24 36
811 = 88
Nh hon thin
30 36
911 = 99
Kho nguyn liu
15 24
58 = 40
Kho thnh phm
15 42
513 = 65
46 = 24
Phn xng lnh, 12 18
CO2, kh nn
Phn xng c in
12 18
46 = 24
Phn xng hi
9 12
34 = 12
Nh hnh chnh
8 18
362 = 36
Nh gii thiu sn 8 28
39 = 27
phm
Hi trng
8 18
46 = 24
Nh n cng tin
8 24
48 = 32
Cc cng trnh khc
40
Tng cng sut chiu sng Pcs
P(W)
Pcs(W)
100
100
100
100
100
8800
9900
4000
6500
2400
100
100
40
40
2400
1200
1440
1080
40
40
100
960
1280
4000
43960
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2. Ph ti sn xut
Bng cng sut tiu th in ca cc thit b
TT Tn thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
My nghin go
My nghin malt t
My nghin malt lt
Ni h ha
Ni ng ha
Thng lc y bng
H thng cp men
H thng lc bia
My ra bock
My chit bock
My ra chai
My chit chai
Hm thanh trng
My dn nhn
My ra kt
My xp kt
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2, kh nn
Bm, gu ti, vt ti, qut gi cc loi v h thng xch ti
H thng x l nc v cc thit b khc
Tng cng sut Psx
Pm
(kW)
6
11
4
4
8
12
4
5
2,5
0,8
7
4,5
4,1
0,8
3
4
70
40
80
70
340,7
Cc loi bm: Bm cho v dch ng ha cng sut 75m3/h, Pm = 7,5kW;

bm dch lc cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW; bm dch ng houblon ha i
lng xoy cng sut 50m3/h, Pm = 5,5kW; bm dch ng sau lng xoy i
lnh nhanh cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW; bm dch i ln men cng sut
25m3/h cng sut 5kW. Bm nc lnh cng sut 25m3/h, Pm = 4kW, bm
nc sch cng sut 30m3/h, Pm = 5kW; bm tun hon nc lnh cng sut
25m3/h, Pm = 4kW. Bm y CIP cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW; bm CIP
92
n tt nghip
hi cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW, bm nh lng men cng sut 500l/h, Pm

= 0,5kW.
Bn gu ti: cng sut ng c 0,8kW
H thng xch ti cc ng c ko cng sut t 1 3 KW
Vt ti y b malt cng sut 8m3/h, Pm = 7,5KW
Vt ti chuyn bt go cng sut 7,5kW
3. Xc nh cc thng s ca h thng in
Tng ph ti ca nh my: P = Pcs + Psx = 44,0 + 340,7 = 384,7(KW)
Cng sut tiu th trung bnh (ph ti tnh ton) ca nh my:
Ptt = Ksx Psx + Kcs Pcs
Ksx: H s sn xut Ksx = 0,6
Kcs: H s chiu sng Kcs = 0,9
Ptt = Ksx Psx + Kcs Pcs= 0,6 340,7 + 0,9 44,0 = 244,0(KW)
H s cng sut:
cos =
Ptt
2
Ptt2 + Q ph
Qph: Cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b tiu th (KW)

Qph = Ptt tg
Gi s h s cng sut ban u cos1 = 0,7 (khi tg1 = 1,020)
nng cao h s cng sut ti cos2 = 0,95 (khi tg2 = 0,329) l h s
cng sut thng thng ca cc my pht in th trong mch phi mc thm
t in c dung lng b bng:
Qph = Ptt (tg1 tg2) = 244,0 (1,020 0,329) = 168,6(KW)
Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p:
S = Ptt2 + Q ph2 = 244,0 2 + 168,6 2 = 296,6(KVA)
Chn my bin p c cng sut biu kin 400KVA, h in p ca mng li
15KV xung 0,4KV. Chn my pht in c cng sut 400KVA, in p
nh mc 400V.
4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm
a. in nng thp sng hng nm
Acs = Pcs Tcs Kcs (KWh)
Kcs = 0,9 H s thp sng ng thi
93
n tt nghip
Pcs: Tng cng sut chiu sng (KW)

Tcs: Thi gian chiu sng trong nm (h)
Mt nm lm vic 12 thng, mi thng lm vic 25 ngy, mi ngy thp sng
14 gi th: Tcs = 12 25 14 = 4200(h)
Ta c: Acs = Pcs Tcs Kcs = 44,0 4200 0,9 = 166320(KWh)
b. in nng tiu th cho sn xut hng nm
Asx = Psx Tsx Ksx (KWh)
Ksx = 0,6 H s lm vic ng thi
Psx: Tng cng sut in tiu th cho sn xut (KW)
Tsx: Thi gian sn xut trong nm (h)
Mt nm lm vic 12 thng, mi thng lm vic 25 ngy, mi ngy lm vic
c 3 ca l 24h th: Tsx = 12 25 24 = 7200(h)
Asx = Psx Tsx Ksx = 340,7 7200 0,6 = 1471824(KWh)
c. in nng tiu th c nm
A=
Acs + Asx
(KWh)
Coi tn tht in nng trn mng h p l 5% th = 0,95

A=
Acs + Asx
166320 + 1471824
= 1724362(KWh)
0,95
94
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Phn VI: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my

A. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng
Cn c vo mc ch thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm em
la chn a im xy dng nh my nm trong khu cng nghip Quang
Minh thuc tnh Vnh Phc. Chn khu t xy dng nh my l khu t hnh
vung, c kch thc 160m 160m, din tch 2,56ha.
Khu cng nghip Quang Minh l khu cng nghip tp trung c din tch
rng tng din tch ln ti 850 ha. Khu cng nghip ny mi c qui hoch
xy dng, giai on u 345 ha, giai on 2 tng thm 402 ha v giai on 3
s tng thm 100 ha. Tnh Vnh Phc ang ku gi u t cho khu cng
nghip vo cc d n: sn xut ph tng c kh, in t, in lnh, trang thit
b ni tht, sn xut ch bin lng thc thc phm v ti y c mt s
nh my sn xut v ch bin thc phm c xy dng trong c mt
s nh my i vo hot ng. Do vic xy dng nh my bia y l ph
hp vi qui hoch cm kinh t cng nghip c cc cp c thm quyn
ph duyt.
V mt giao thng y l ni giao nhau gia ng cao tc Bc Thng
Long Ni Bi v tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai. Khu cng nghip nm
ngay cnh ng cao tc Bc Thng Long Ni Bi, cch sn bay Ni Bi 5
km v cch trung tm thnh ph H Ni 20 km. Trong khu cng c ga ng
st tuyn H Ni Lo Cai. Bn cnh cn c cc tuyn giao thng quan
trng nh quc l 18, quc l 2. Theo quc l 18 th khu cng nghip ny
cch cng Hi Phng v cng Ci Ln (Qung Ninh) khong 150 km. Nh
vy v tr t nh my s rt thun li v mt giao thng.
S thun li v mt giao thng cng s m bo thng sut cho s vn
chuyn nguyn liu, nhin liu t cc ngun cung cp cho hot ng sn xut
ca nh my. Ngun in nng ca nh my s dng ly t mng li in
quc gia cung cp cho c khu cng nghip m bo n nh. Vi nn a cht
v mch nc ngm n nh nh my c th s dng ngun nc t h thng
ging khoan v x l t yu cu cng ngh.
Trong khu cng nghip ny v cc khu cng nghip gn nh khu cng
nghip Bc Thng Long, khu cng nghip Ni Bi c mt s cng ty nh
my trong lnh vc xy lp v vt liu xy dng hot ng nn nh my mi
95
n tt nghip
xy dng s rt thun li trong vic la chn nh cung cp vt liu cng nh

thc hin vn chuyn lp t nh xng, my mc thit b.
Cc khu dn c xung quanh, hay rng hn l cc tnh thnh ln cn, c
bit l khong cch khng xa ti trung tm thnh ph H Ni cng vi s
thun li v mt giao thng s m bo th trng phn phi, tiu th cho sn
phm ca nh my. iu ny cng s m bo ngun nhn cng k c nhng
lao ng c tay ngh hay nhng chuyn gia c trnh cao cho cng tc gim
st vn hnh khi nh my i vo hot ng.
Nh vy a im la chn tha mn cc yu cu chung i vi mt
nh my cng nghip.
i vi yu cu v k thut xy dng: Khu vc ny l gip ranh gia
tnh Vnh Phc v thnh ph H Ni, nm v tr trung tm ca ng bng
sng Hng c kh hu nhit i gi ma in hnh, phn ha theo ma r rt,
t chu nh hng ca gi bo. Hng gi ch o y l gi ng Nam
em hi nc t bin vo nn nh thit k quay mt chnh ra hng ng
Nam. Ni y c a hnh tng i bng phng, cao ro, nn t t nhin l
t st pha ct, c cng chu lc 2,0 kg/cm2, iu kin thy vn v nn
a cht n nh khng thuc min t gy hay chu tc ng ca ni la, khu
vc ny cng khng c cc m khong sn hay m kh thin nhin. Nhng
iu ny m bo yu cu v k thut xy dng ca nh my.
i vi yu cu v mi trng v sinh cng nghip: Nh my t trong
khu vc qui hoch ca khu cng nghip nn c cch ly trnh gy tc
ng trc tip n khu dn c, cc cng trnh cng cng hay cc di tch lch
s v danh lam thng cnh trong din c bo tn. Tuy nhin bo v mi
trng sinh thi v pht trin bn vng nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut ca
nh my khng c thi trc tip ra mi trng xung quanh. Yu cu ny c
th c tha mn vi thit k cho nh my mt trm x l nc thi, v
nc thi ca nh my sau khi qua x l gim mc nhim, t tiu
chun ca nc thi loi B mi c vo h thng thot nc thi chung
ca khu cng nghip.
96
n tt nghip
B. Thit k tng mt bng nh my

Cn c vo s dy chuyn cng ngh em xy dng s cng ngh khi
tng th nh my
Trm in
Trm x l
nc cp
Nhp
nguyn liu
Kho nguyn
liu
Nghin
nguyn liu
L hi
Than
Nu
Ph phm
Ln men
B phn cp
men
Lc v tng
tr bia
B phn thu
hi CO2
Chit chai,
chit bock
Chai, bock ti
s dng
H thng lnh
Kho tng tr
sn phm
Xut sn
phm
Khu x l
nc thi
97
n tt nghip
I. Tnh ton cc hng mc cng trnh

1. Khu vc sn xut
a. Nh sn xut chnh
Cc thit b chnh trong nh sn xut chnh:
TT Tn thit b
Kch thc
1
Ni h ha
D = 2,4m; H = 4,08m
2
Ni ng ha
D = 3,6m; H = 4,26m
3
Thng lc y bng
D = 3,8m; H = 4,29m
4
Ni nu hoa
D = 4,0m; H = 4,32m
5
Thng trung gian
D = 3,8m; H = 4,29m
6
Thng lng xoy
D = 3,41m; H = 4,26m
7
Thit b lnh nhanh
2,0m 0,7m 1,6m
8
Thng nc nu
D = 4,0m; H = 6,28m
9
Thng CIP nu
D = 1,41m; H = 2,88m
10 My nghin malt t
1,0m 0,8m 3,2m
11 My nghin go
1,8m 1,6m 1,65m
12 Gu ti
R = 0,5m; H = 2 4m
13 Thng nhn men cp I
D = 1,8m; H = 4,1m
14 Thng nhn men cp II
D = 2,4m; H = 5,4m
D = 1,8m; H = 4,57m
15 Thng men sa
16 Thng hot ha men
D = 1,2m; H = 2,54m
17 Thng CIP lnh
D = 2,21m; H = 4,24m
18 Tank tng tr
D = 3,2m; H = 5,6m
19 Thng nc
D = 3,8m; H = 5,96m
S lng
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
Trong nh sn xut chnh cc thit b c sp xp theo dy chuyn sn xut.

Da theo kch thc cc thit b v yu cu thao tc vn hnh chn kch thc
nh sn xut chnh:
Chiu di: 36(m)
Chiu rng: 24(m)
Chiu cao: 7,2(m)
Din tch: S = 24 36 = 864(m2)
98
n tt nghip
b. Khu tank ln men

Tng s c 24 tank ln men, ng knh mi tank D = 4,6m.
Cc tank ln men c t ngoi tri trn cc gin bng b tng ct thp.
Kch thc khu tank ln men:
Chiu di: 36(m)
Chiu rng: 24(m)
Din tch: S = 24 36 = 864(m2)
c. Nh hon thin sn phm
nh hon thin sn phm b tr dy chuyn chit chai v chit bock, nn
cn nhiu din tch cho lp t dy chuyn v thao tc vn hnh. B tr dy
chuyn chit chai thnh mt vng khp kn, cn cc thit b ra bock v chit
bock t mt gc ca nh hon thin. V tr ca cc my ra chai, ra kt,
ra bock gn vi bi v chai; u ra ca sn phm nm pha gn vi kho
thnh phm thun tin trong vic nhp v xut hng.
Thit k nh mt tng, mt nhp, kt cu khung thp, tng xy bng gch,
mi lp tn c lp cch nhit v phn quang.
Kch thc ca nh hon thin:
Chiu di: 36(m)
Chiu rng: 30(m)
Chiu cao: 5,4(m)
Din tch: S = 30 36 = 1080(m2)
2. Kho tng
a. Kho cha nguyn liu
Nh my cn d tr nguyn liu cho 1 thng sn xut tc l khong 25 ngy.
Nguyn liu c t trn cc k k v c vn chuyn bng xe y.
Tnh din tch kho cha:
Lng nguyn liu cn s dng trong mt ngy l: 16,62 tn malt v 4,16 tn
go. Nguyn liu mua v c ng bao 50kg. Dung trng ca malt vo
khong 530 560 g/l, tc mt bao 50 kg malt c th tch vo khong: 92 lt.
Dung trng ca go vo khong 660 700 g/l, tc mt bao 50 kg go c th
tch vo khong 74 lt. Din tch chim ch trung bnh ca mi bao (c go v
99
n tt nghip
malt) vo khong 0,3m2, chiu dy trung bnh ca mi lp bao vo khong 30

cm.
Nguyn liu trong kho dng cho c thng l:
Malt: 25 16620/50 = 8310(bao)
Go: 25 4160/50 = 2080(bao)
Sau khi nhp kho nguyn liu c xp theo tng chng khong 15 lp. S
bao mi lp l: (8310 + 2080)/15 = 693(bao). Din tch vng cha nguyn
liu vo khong: 693 0,3 = 208(m2).
Khong cch gia cc chng bao v din tch thao tc chim khong 70%
din tch kho, din tch kho cn t khong: 208/0,7 = 297(m2)
Chiu cao kho cn t 4,7m.
mi lp tn.
Kch thc nh:
Chiu di: 24(m)
Chiu rng: 15(m)
Chiu cao: 5,4(m)
Din tch: S = 15 24 = 360(m2)
b. Kho cha thnh phm
Do bia thnh phm c xut kho a ra th trng ngay nn trong kho ch
cha s lng bock ca 1 ngy sn xut v s lng kt ca 2 ngy sn xut.
S bock s dng l: 2000 bock 50l/ngy
Tng s bock cha trong kho l 2000 bock. Trong kho bock xp thnh 3 lp,
mi lp 667 bock, chia thnh 20 hng, mi hng khong 34 bock. Mi bock
loi 50 lt c ng knh 600mm. Nn din tch khu vc xp bock vo
khong: 20 0,6(m) 34 0,6(m) = 245(m2)
S chai s dng l: 222223 chai 450ml/ngy
Chai c xp vo kt, mi kt 20 chai.
Kch thc kt: 0,4m 0,3m 0,25m.
Tng s kt s dng l: 11112 kt/ngy.
Kho cha lng kt trong 2 ngy, tng s kt cha trong kho l: 22224 kt.
Kt c xp chng khong 15 lp. Mi lp 1482 kt, chia 30 hng, mi
hng 50kt.
Din tch khu vc xp kt vo khong: 30 0,4(m) 50 0,3(m) = 180(m2)
100
n tt nghip
Tng din tch khu vc xp kt v xp bock l: 245 + 180 = 425(m2)

Din tch thao tc bng 70% din tch kho, tng din tch kho cn t khong:
425/0,7 = 607(m2)
Chiu cao kho cn t 4,5m.
mi lp tn.
Kch thc nh:
Chiu di: 42(m)
Chiu rng: 15(m)
Chiu cao: 5,4(m)
Din tch: S = 15 42 = 630(m2)
3. Cc phn xng ph tr sn xut
Cc nh ph u c th s dng kt cu khung zamil steel gim ti trng
nn mng cng nh m bo tnh c ng.
a. Trm bin p
Kch thc: di 12m, rng 6m.
Din tch: S = 6 12 = 72(m2)
b. Xng c in
Din tch: S = 12 18 = 216(m2)
c. Nh t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn
Din tch: S = 12 18 = 216(m2)
d. Phn xng hi
Phn xng hi bao gm nh t l hi v bi than.
* Nh nu hi:
Din tch: S = 9 12 = 108(m2)
* Bi than:
Din tch: S = 9 9 = 81(m2)
101
n tt nghip
e. Khu x l nc cp
Bao gm trm bm vi cc b lc, ct lc b cha nc sch v thp lc
nc phc v cho ton nh my.
Din tch: S = 12 18 = 216(m2)
g. Khu x l nc thi
Din tch: S = 12 24 = 288(m2)
h. Bi v chai
Kch thc: di 20m, rng 12m, din tch S = 12 20 = 240(m2).
4. Cc cng trnh khc
a. Nh hnh chnh
Nh hnh chnh c xy dng gm cc phng sau:
+ Phng gim c : 18(m2)
+ Phng ph gim c ph trch k thut: 18(m2)
+ Phng ph gim c ph trch kinh doanh: 18(m2)
+ Phng k ton ti v (3 ngi): 3 3,5 = 10,5(m2)
+ Phng k hoch (3 ngi): 3 3,5 = 10,5(m2)
+ Phng cng on (3 ngi): 3 3,5 = 10,5(m2)
+ Phng vt t (2 ngi): 2 3,5 = 7(m2)
+ Phng k thut v KCS (6 ngi): 6 9 = 54(m2)
+ Phng hp 30(m2)
+ Phng khch 30(m2)
+ Nh v sinh(2 phng): 2 3 = 7(m2)
Tng din tch cc phng ban: 206,5(m2)
Ngoi ra cn c hnh lang rng 2m chy dc nh v cu thang rng 2m b tr
gia nh.
Thit k nh hnh chnh 2 tng, mi tng cao 3,5m. Kch thc nh: di 18m,
rng 8m, din tch S = 8 18 = 144(m2).
b. Nh gii thiu sn phm
Kch thc nh: di 32m, rng 8m, din tch nh: S = 8 32 = 256(m2).
102
n tt nghip
c. Hi trng
Tnh cho ton b cn b, cng nhn ca nh my (khong 200 ngi) cn
din tch khong: 200 0,7 = 140(m2). Kch thc nh: di 18m, rng 8m,
din tch S = 8 18 = 144(m2).
d. Nh n, cng tin
Tnh cho 1/3 s cng nhn + s cn b (khong 80 ngi) cn din tch
khong: 80 2,25 = 180(m2). Kch thc nh: di 24m, rng 8m, din tch: S
= 8 24 = 192(m2).
e. Gara t
Nh my c cc t sau:
+ t phc v vic giao dch v i li ca ban gim c 2 chic.
+ t ch sn phm v ch nguyn liu 4 chic.
Kch thc gara: di 24m, rng 12m, din tch S = 12 24 = 288(m2).
g. Nh xe ca nhn vin
Tnh cho 1/3 s cng nhn + s cn b (khong 80 ngi) trong 75% i xe
my (khong 60 ngi) v 25% i xe p (khong 20 ngi).
Din tch cn l: 60 2,25 + 20 0,9 = 153(m2).
Kch thc nh xe: di 24m, rng 8m, din tch S = 8 24 = 192(m2).
h. Phng bo v
Nh my c hai cng v vy cn hai phng bo v. Kch thc: di 6m, rng
4m. Din tch mi nh: S = 4 6 = 24(m2).
i. Nh v sinh
Cng trnh v sinh phc v sn xut tnh cho mt ca sn xut (khong 70
ngi). Kch thc nh: di 6m, rng 4m, din tch S = 4 6 = 24(m2)
103
n tt nghip
Bng tng hp cc cng trnh xy dng

TT
Tn cng trnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Nh sn xut chnh
1
Khu tank ln men
1
Nh hon thin
1
Kho nguyn liu
1
Kho thnh phm
1
Bi v chai
1
Trm bin p
1
Xng c in
1
1
Nh lnh, thu CO2
Nh nu hi
1
Bi than
1
Khu x l nc cp
1
Khu x l nc thi
1
Nh hnh chnh
1
Nh gii thiu sn phm
1
Hi trng
1
Nh n cng tin
1
Gara t
1
Nh xe ca nhn vin
1
Phng bo v
2
Nh v sinh
1
Tng din tch xy dng
S lng
Kch thc
(m m)
24 36
24 36
30 36
15 24
15 42
12 20
6 12
12 18
12 18
9 12
99
12 18
12 24
8 18
8 28
8 18
8 24
12 24
8 24
46
46
Din tch
(m2)
864
864
1080
360
630
240
72
216
216
108
81
216
288
144
224
180
192
288
192
48
24
6527
104
n tt nghip
II. B tr cc hng mc cng trnh

y em la chn b tr mt bng nh my theo phng php phn vng.
Khu vc sn xut chnh b tr trung tm nh my bao gm nh sn xut
chnh, khu tank ln men ngoi tri v nh hon thin. Kho nguyn liu cng
c t trong khu vc ny m bo thun tin cho vic vn chuyn
nguyn liu sang khu vc sn xut.
Cc phn xng ph tr b tr khu vc bn cnh khu vc sn xut
chnh pha trong nh my. c bit cc phn xng sn xut d chy n, c
hi nh l hi, trm x l nc thi b tr gc trong cng cui hng gi
ch o m bo an ton trong sn xut.
Khu vc hnh chnh b tr mt tin nh my, trng nhiu cy xanh
to khng kh lm vic d chu v cnh quan p. Trong nh gii thiu sn
phm t v tr tip gip vi 2 trc giao bn ngoi nh my thun tin cho
vic bn v gii thiu sn phm.
Cc nh thuc khu vc hnh chnh v khu vc sn xut chnh c thit
k quay chiu di nh theo hng nam n gi mt ch o. Xung quanh
nh my trng nhiu cy xanh cch ly vi bn ngoi c bit l pha tip gip
vi ng giao thng bn ngoi nh my.
Trong nh my xy dng h thng ng giao thng cch ly gia cc
khu vc sn xut v ng giao thng gia cc phn xng trong khu vc sn
xut chnh. ng giao thng chnh c thit k chy thnh vng trong nh
my v thng vi 2 cng ra cc trc giao thng pha ngoi nh my m bo
yu cu cu ho khi xy ra s c trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my.
105
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III. Tnh ton v nh gi cc thng s xy dng

Tng din tch chim t xy dng ca cc cng trnh: A = 6206(m2)
Din tch kho v sn bi l thin: B = 321(m2)
Din tch chim t ca cc cng trnh k thut:
C = C1 + C2 + C3 = 1300 + 1500 + 7800 = 10600(m2)
Din tch ca h rnh: C1 = 1300(m2)
Din tch ca va h: C2 = 1500(m2)
Din tch ca lng ng: C3 = 7800(m2)
Tng din tch xy dng: Sxd = A + B = 6206 + 321 = 6527(m2)
Tng din tch s dng: Ssd = A + B + C = 6206 + 321 + 10600 = 17127(m2)
Tng din tch nh my: S = 160 160 = 25600(m2)
H s xy dng: Kxd =
H s s dng: Ksd =
6527
A+ B
100% =
100% = 25,5%
S
25600
17127
A+ B+C
100% =
100% = 66,9%
S
25600
Cc h s xy dng cho thy thit k nh my l ph hp vi tiu chun ca

mt nh my cng nghip sn xut thc phm.
106
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IV. Thit k phn xng sn xut chnh

1. c im v cch b tr cc thit b trong phn xng sn xut chnh
Phn xng sn xut chnh l phn xng tp trung nhiu b phn sn
xut quan trng ca nh my bia. Gia cc b phn sn xut ca phn xng
va c tnh c lp li va c lin h qua li vi nhau nn b tr cc thit b
trong phn xng theo tng t da theo quy trnh sn xut.
Cc t sn xut trong phn xng sn xut chnh:
* T nghin:
Bao gm cc thit b cn, gu ti v cc my nghin.
c im sn xut ca t nghin l pht sinh ting n v to nhiu bi do
t nghin c t mt gc ca phn xng sn xut chnh, c tng ngn
trnh bi. V tr t t nghin gn vi kho nguyn liu thun tin cho
vic vn chuyn nguyn liu trong hot ng sn xut.
* T nu:
Bao gm cc thit b chnh l ni h ha, ni ng ha, thng lc y bng,
ni nu hoa v thng lng xoy. Do yu cu vn hnh sn xut v cn c vo
kch thc cc thit b nn thit k sn thao tc cho cc ni nu thp hn np
cc ni nu khong 75cm. Trong qu trnh sn xut nguyn liu chnh l malt
v go s qua ch bin t nghin ri mi c a sang t nu nn v tr t
t nu st vi t nghin. Phng iu khin qu trnh nu c t ngay trn
sn thao tc thun tin cho vn hnh sn xut.
Ngoi cc ni nu cn c cc thng nc, cc thng CIP nu t mt gc
gn vi t nu thc hin cp nc, CIP cho cc ni nu.
* Cc thit b nhn men, ra men, hot ha men v h thng CIP lnh c
b tr thnh mt t hp gn cc thng nc.
Phng ha nghim c thit k gc phn xng sn xut chnh, y c
phng th nghim thc hin vic bo qun men ging v nhn men trong
phng th nghim.
* H thng lm lnh bia, lc bia v tng tr bia c b tr thnh mt t hp
khc cnh phng ha nghim.
2. Thit k xy dng phn xng sn xut chnh
Phn xng sn xut chnh thit k thnh mt nh mt tng, mt nhp, s
dng kt cu khung thp.
107
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Kch thc nh:

Chiu di 36m
Chiu rng 24m
Chiu cao nh 7,2m
Din tch 24 36 = 864(m2)
Nhp nh L = 24m
Bc ct B = 6m
Kch thc ct: 320 220 (mm)
Tng bao xy bng gch dy 220mm, ca s v ca ra vo rng 3,6m.
Kt cu chu lc mi: gin thp
Mi che bng tn, pha di c lp xp cch nhit v lp phn quang tng
chiu sng.
Sn lt gch men dy 20mm, pha di c lp b tng gch v dy 100mm.
T nghin din tch 106m2, bao che bng tng gch.
T nu c sn thao tc bng thp t trn h thng dm ct thp cao 3m. Sn
thao tc c thit k cu thang ln xung bng thp rng 1,1m. Sn v cu
thang c thit k tay vn thp cao 80cm.
Phng iu khin qu trnh nu t trn sn thao tc, c bao che bng
khung nhm knh, din tch 13,6m2.
Phng ha nghim din tch 36m2, c bao che bng khung nhm knh.
108
n tt nghip
Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t

A. Phn tch th trng
ng bng Sng Hng l khu vc ng dn c nhng phn b khng
u. Dn c tp trung ng cc trung tm hnh chnh, kinh t, vn ho ln
nh thnh ph H Ni v cc tnh xung quanh, mt b phn ln dn c cng
phn b ri rc gn cc trc ng giao thng chnh, cn li mt b phn nh
dn c sng phn tn. Nh my bia c xy dng nm trong khu cng
nghip Quang Minh l v tr gip ranh gia tnh Vnh Phc v thnh ph H
Ni. Ni y c h thng giao thng ng b thun li v cch khng xa
trung tm thnh ph H Ni, l mt trung tm thng mi ln ca min Bc
vi dn s trn 4 triu ngi v c mc sng trung bnh vo loi cao trong c
nc nn nhu cu tiu th bia khu vc ny l rt ln v cn tng mnh trong
tng lai khng xa.
Hin ti trn th trng Vit Nam c sn phm bia ca rt nhiu hng
trong c c cc sn phm bia mang thng hiu ngoi. Trc ht ni v
cc sn phm bia trong nc th mi ch c Cng ty ru bia v nc gii
kht H Ni min Bc v Cng ty bia Si Gn min Nam l c qui m
kh ln v thng hiu uy tn nhng vn cha p ng c nhu cu v
chim lnh c th trng. Cn phn ln cc c s sn xut bia ca nc ta
c qui m sn xut nh l phn tn v ch yu phc v nhu cu ti a
phng v cng cha to c ch ng vng chc vi lng tin ca ngi
tiu dng. Bn cnh l cc sn phm bia mang thng hiu ngoi, tuy
nhin cc sn phm bia ngoi do gi thnh cao v hng v cha hn li
cun hn tt c cc sn phm bia mang thng hiu Vit nn ch tiu th
c mt b phn nh dn c c thu nhp cao v qui m sn xut cha cao.
T nhng phn tch trn cho thy ng bng Sng Hng l mt th trng
y tim nng cho sn phm bia.
Nh my bia c thit k vi nng sut 25 triu lt/nm trong sn
xut 20 triu lt bia chai v 5 triu lt bia hi. Sn phm bia c sn xut
y l loi bia vng cht lng cao, y l loi bia c rt nhiu ngi a
chung, v vi gi thnh khng qu cao s m bo p ng c yu cu v
kh nng kinh t ca ngi tiu dng. Sn phm bia ca nh my s p ng
nhu cu ti a phng v c th chim lnh th trng bia ca cc tnh ln cn
trn ton min Bc.
109
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B. Tnh cc ch tiu d n u t
I. Nhu cu vn u t
1. Vn lu ng
a. Tin lng
Nhn lc ca nh my:
TT B phn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
T nghin
T nu
Ln men
Lc bia + bo ho CO2
Ra bock
Chit bock
Ra chai
Kim tra soi chai
Chit chai
Kim tra
Thanh trng
Dn nhn
Kim tra
Vn chuyn bock, kt
Phng th nghim
KCS
X l nc
L hi
Nh cp lnh, kh nn,
thu CO2
Sa cha in, c kh
Trm bin p
X l nc thi
Li xe
Bo v
nh mc lao
ng
2
3
3
2
2
2
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
4
3
S ca/ngy
S cng nhn
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
6
9
9
6
4
4
8
2
4
2
2
4
2
8
4
6
6
12
9
2
1
3
3
6
3
2
10
12
110
n tt nghip
25 Th kho
2
2
4
26 Gii thiu sn phm
3
2
6
27 V sinh
2
3
6
28 Nu n
3
3
9
29 Y t
1
3
3
30 Ban gim c
3
1
3
31 ng u cng on
2
2
2
32 K ton
2
2
4
33 T chc hnh chnh
2
2
4
34 Qun c
5
35
Tng s lao ng
186
Trong :
B phn sn xut: 143
Cn b trc tip qun l sn xut: 5 ngi
Nhn vin bn hng: 6 ngi
Nhn vin qun l chung: 27 ngi
Cn b qun l doanh nghip: 5 ngi
Lng tr cho cn b qun l l 2 triu ng/ngi/thng
Lng tr cho nhn vin 1 triu ng/ngi/thng
Tin lng tr cho b phn sn xut trong mt nm:
12 thng 143 ngi 1 triu ng/ngi/thng + 19% tin bo him =
2042,04 triu ng
Tin lng tr cho b phn trc tip qun l sn xut trong mt nm:
12 thng 5 ngi 2 triu ng/ngi/thng + 19% tin bo him = 142,8
triu ng
Tin lng tr cho b phn bn hng trong mt nm:
12 thng 6 ngi 1 triu ng/ngi/thng + 19% tin bo him = 85,68
triu ng
Tin lng tr cho b phn qun l chung trong mt nm:
12 thng (27 ngi 1 triu ng/ngi/thng + 5 ngi 2 triu
ng/ngi/thng) + 19% tin bo him = 528,36 triu ng
Tng chi ph tr lng cho c doanh nghip l:
2042,04 + 142,8 + 85,68 + 528,36 = 2798,88 (triu ng/nm)
111
n tt nghip
b. Chi ph nhin liu, nng lng

Trong mt nm nh my tiu th in nng vo khong 1724362KWh, v tiu
th than vo khong 4201 tn.
1KWh in gi 984,5 ng VN
1 kg than gi 1342 ng VN
Bng chi ph nhin liu, nng lng ca nh my trong mt nm
TT Tn
S lng
n gi
Thnh tin
1
in nng
1724362
984,5
1.697.634.389
(KWh/nm)
(ng/KWh) (ng/nm)
342 (ng/kg) 5.637.742.000
2
Than
4201000
(ng/nm)
(kg/nm)
3
Tng chi ph nhin liu, nng lng
7.335.376.389
(ng/nm)
Trong nhng nm u nh my ch hot ng bng 80% nng sut nn chi ph
nhin liu nng lng mt nm l: 5.868.301.111,2 ng/nm.
c. Chi ph marketing: 4000 triu ng
Tng vn lu ng ca nh my:
Vlu ng = 2798,88 + 7335,376 + 4000 = 14134,256 (triu ng)
2. Vn c nh
Vn c nh bao gm vn u t xy dng nh xng, sn bi, ng giao
thng, tng bao quanh nh my v vn u t mua sm dy chuyn thit b.
a. Vn u t cho xy dng
* Tin thu mt bng:
Tng din tch mt bng nh my l 25600m2
Chi ph thu mt bng: 50.000 ng VN/m2/20 nm
Tng chi ph thu mt bng: 50.000 25600 = 1.280.000.000 (ng)
* Vn u t xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh trong nh my c tnh theo
gi chung trn th trng xy dng:
n gi cho nh bao che khung thp mi tn: 1,2 triu ng/m2
n gi cho nh xe bn bi: 400 nghn ng/m2
n gi cho nh hnh chnh, hi trng: 2 triu ng/m2
112
n tt nghip
Bng chi ph xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh

TT Tn cng trnh
Din tch n gi Thnh tin
(ng) (triu ng)
(m2)
1
Nh sn xut chnh
864
1200000
1036,8
2
Khu tank ln men
864
1200000
1036,8
3
Nh hon thin
1080
1200000
1296
4
Kho nguyn liu
360
1200000
432
5
Kho thnh phm
630
1200000
756
6
Bi v chai
240
400000
96
7
Trm bin p
72
1200000
86,4
8
Xng c in
216
1200000
259,2
216
1200000
259,2
9
Nh lnh, thu CO2
10 Nh nu hi
108
1200000
129,6
11 Bi than
81
400000
32,4
12 Khu x l nc cp
216
1200000
259,2
13 Khu x l nc thi
288
1200000
345,6
14 Nh hnh chnh
144 2 2000000
576
15 Nh gii thiu sn phm
224
2000000
448
16 Hi trng
180
2000000
360
17 Nh n cng tin
192
2000000
384
18 Gara t
288
400000
115,2
19 Nh xe ca nhn vin
192
400000
76,8
20 Phng bo v
48 2 2000000
192
21 Nh v sinh
24
2000000
48
22
Tng cng
8225,2
23
Chi ph xy dng ng giao thng, h rnh
658,0
bng 8% tng chi ph
24
Vn u t xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh 8883,2
Tng vn u t xy dng ca nh my:
Vxy dng = 1280 + 8883,2 = 10163,2 (triu ng)
113
n tt nghip
b. Vn u t mua dy chuyn thit b

TT
Tn h thng thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
H thng x l vn chuyn nguyn liu

H thng nu
H thng CIP nu
H thng nc nng lnh
H thng nhn, bo qun men
Cc tank ln men, tank tng tr bia
H thng CIP ln men v CIP ng ng
H thng lc bia
H thng my ra, rt bock
H thng chit chai
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2
H thng kh nn
H thng l hi
H thng x l nc cp
H thng x l nc thi
H thng thit b phng th nghim
H thng trm bin p v my pht in
H thng chng st v phng chy cha chy
Thit b vn ti
Ph thit k chuyn giao h s cng ngh
Ph vn chuyn thit b
Ph lp t thit b
Tng chi ph mua sm dy chuyn thit b
Gi
(triu ng)
1200
2700
125
1000
500
12000
180
600
500
13500
1800
1350
180
800
540
900
300
700
50
200
135
60
900
39720
Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT): 5% 39720 = 1986 (triu ng)

Tng vn u t mua dy chuyn thit b:
Vthit b = 39720 + 1986 = 42206 (triu ng)
c. Tin u t mua phng tin vn ti
Xe con 2 chic, n gi 400 triu ng/chic
114
n tt nghip
Xe nng chuyn 1,5 tn 2 chic, n gi 300 triu ng/chic

Xe ti 5 tn 4 chic, n gi 900 triu ng/chic
Tng vn u t cho phng tin vn ti:
Vphng tin vn ti = 2 400 + 2 300 + 4 900 = 5000 (triu ng)
d. Tin u t ban u mua chai, kt, bock
Tin mua chai, kt:
Coi thi gian quay vng ca chai l 6 thng, trong qu II v qu III lng bia
chai sn xut nhiu nht tng sn lng l 11 triu lt bia chai thnh phm.
S dng loi chai thu tinh mu sm dung tch 450ml. Khi s lng chai
cn s dng l: 11.106/0,45 = 24.444.445 (chai). n gi 800 ng/v chai,
th tin mua chai l: 24.444.445 800 = 19.555.556.000 (ng)
S dng kt loi cha c 20 chai, th s lng kt cn s dng l:
24.444.445/20 = 1222223 (kt). n gi 6000 ng/kt, th tin mua kt l:
1222223 6000 = 7.333.338.000 (ng)
Tin mua bock:
Coi thi gian quay vng ca bock l 3 thng, trong mt qu lng bia hi sn
xut nhiu nht l: 2 triu lt bia hi thnh phm.
S dng loi bock g dung tch 50 lt/bock. Khi s lng bock cn s dng
l: 2.106/50 = 40000 (bock). n gi 30000 ng/bock, th tin mua bock l:
40000 30000 = 1.200.000.000 (ng)
Tng vn u t ban u mua chai, kt, bock l:
19.555.556.000 + 7.333.338.000 + 1.200.000.000 = 28.088.894.000 (ng
VN)
Nh vy tng vn c nh u t cho nh my:
Vc nh = Vxy dng + Vthit b + Vphng tin vn ti + Vmua chai, kt, bock =
= 10163,2 + 42206 + 5000 + 28.088,894 = 85458,094 (triu ng)
e. Khu hao ti sn c nh
Khu hao cho xy dng:
Thi gian tn ti ca nh my l 20 nm, vy gi tr khu hao cho xy dng
trong mt nm l:
Kxy dng = Vxy dng/20 = 10163,2/20 = 508,16 (triu ng)
Khu hao cho thit b:
115
n tt nghip
bn ca dy chuyn thit b l 20 nm, vy gi tr khu hao cho thit b

trong mt nm l:
Kthit b = Vthit b/20 = 42206/20 = 2125,3 (triu ng)
Khu hao phng tin vn ti:
Thi gian s dng ca phng tin vn ti l 10 nm, vy gi tr khu hao cho
phng tin vn ti trong mt nm l:
Kphng tin vn ti = Vphng tin vn ti/10 = 5000/10 = 500 (triu ng)
Khu hao chai, kt, bock:
Thi gian s dng chai, kt, bock l 5 nm, gi tr khu hao trong mt nm l:
Kv chai, kt, bock = 28.088,894/5 = 5617,779 (triu ng)
Tng gi tr khu hao ti sn c nh trong mt nm l:
K = Kxy dng + Kthit b + Kphng tin vn ti + Kv chai, kt, bock
= 508,16 + 2125,3 + 500 + 5617,779 = 8751,239 (triu ng)
3. Ngun vn
Tng vn u t:
Vu t = Vlu ng + Vc nh =
= 14134,256 + 85458,094 = 99592,350 (triu ng)
Ngun vn 100% vay ngn hng, li sut 10% mt nm.
Tin tr li hng nm: 10% 99592,350 = 9959,235 (triu ng)
Gi s s tr ht vn vay ngn hng trong vng 20 nm, th chi ph vn phi
tr cho ngn hng mi nm l:
99592,350/20 + 9959,235 = 14938,853(triu ng)
116
n tt nghip
II. Tnh gi thnh sn phm

1. Chi ph vn hnh
a. Chi ph nguyn vt liu
sn xut c 1000 lt bia chai thnh phm cn 166,2 kg malt, 41,6 kg
go, 318,8 gam hoa vin v 79,7 gam cao hoa.
sn xut c 1000 lt bia hi thnh phm cn 136,0 kg malt, 34,0 kg go,
260,9 gam hoa vin v 65,2 gam cao hoa.
Gi:
1 kg malt: 7000 ng,
1 kg go: 4000 ng,
1 kg hoa vin: 60000 ng,
1 kg cao hoa: 200000 ng.
Chi ph cho cc nguyn liu ph bng khong 2 4% tng chi ph cho cc
nguyn liu chnh.
Bng chi ph nguyn liu sn xut 1000 lt bia chai
TT Nguyn liu
Khi lng
n gi
Thnh tin
(nghn ng)
(kg)
(ng/kg)
1 Malt
166,2
7000
1163,4
2 Go
41,6
4000
166,4
3 Hoa vin
0,3188
60000
19,1
4 Cao hoa
0,0797
200000
15,9
5
Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh
1364,9
6
Chi ph cho nguyn liu ph
54,6
(bng 4% chi ph cho nguyn liu chnh)
7
Tng chi ph nguyn liu
1419,5
Trong mt nm sn xut khong 20 triu lt bia chai s cn chi ph nguyn
liu khong: 1419,5 20000 = 28389,254 (triu ng). Ngoi ra trong mt
nm sn xut cn phi chi khong 4000 triu ng cho np chai, nhn mc.
Tng chi ph nguyn vt liu cho 20 triu lt bia chai l:
28389,254 + 4000 = 32389,254 (triu ng)
Nh vy chi ph nguyn vt liu bnh qun cho bia chai l:
32389,254/20 = 1619,5 (ng/lt).
Bng chi ph nguyn liu sn xut 1000 lt bia hi
117
n tt nghip
TT Nguyn liu
Khi lng
n gi
Thnh tin
(kg)
(ng/kg)
(nghn ng)
1 Malt
136,0
7000
952,0
2 Go
34,0
4000
136,0
3 Hoa vin
0,2609
60000
156,5
4 Cao hoa
0,0652
200000
13,0
5
Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh
1116,7
6
Chi ph cho nguyn liu ph
22,3
(bng khong 2% chi ph cho nguyn liu chnh)
7
Tng chi ph nguyn liu
1139,0
Chi ph nguyn liu bnh qun cho bia hi: 1139,0 (ng/lt).
Trong mt nm sn xut khong 5 triu lt bia hi s cn chi ph nguyn liu
khong: 1139,0 5000 = 5695,0 (triu ng).
Tng chi ph nguyn vt liu cho 1 nm sn xut ca nh my:
32389,254 + 5695,0 = 38084,254 (triu ng)
Trong 3 nm u nh my hot ng vi 80% nng sut cc i th chi ph
nguyn liu ca nh my mi nm l:
80% 38084,254 = 30467,403 (triu ng)
b. Chi ph nhn cng trc tip
Lng tr cho b phn trc tip sn xut: 2042,04 triu ng/nm.
Sn lng mt nm sn xut ca nh my l: 25 triu lt bia.
Chi ph nhn cng trc tip tnh theo mt n v sn phm l:
2042,04/25 = 81,7 (ng/lt)
c. Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph nhin liu nng lng: 7335,376 triu ng/nm, trong nhng nm
u chi ph nhin liu, nng lng: 5.868,301 triu ng/nm.
Khu hao ti sn c nh: K = 8751,239 triu ng/nm.
Chi ph bo dng my mc, nh xng: 1000 triu ng/nm.
Lng tr cho cn b qun l trc tip: 142,8 triu ng/nm.
Tng chi ph sn xut chung:
7335,376 + 8751,239 + 1000 + 142,8 = 17229,415 (triu ng/nm)
Tng chi ph sn xut chung trong nhng nm u:
5.868,301 + 8751,239 + 1000 + 142,8 = 15762,34 (triu ng/nm)
118
n tt nghip
Chi ph sn xut chung tnh theo mt n v sn phm l:

17229,415/25 = 689,2 (ng/lt)
d. Chi ph tiu th sn phm
Lng tr cho nhn vin bn hng: 85,68 triu ng/nm.
Chi ph marketing: 4000 triu ng/nm.
Tng chi ph tiu th sn phm: 85,68 + 4000 = 4085,68 (triu ng/nm)
Chi ph tiu th tnh cho mt n v sn phm:
4085,68/25 = 163,4 (ng/lt)
e. Chi ph qun l doanh nghip
Lng tr cho cn b, nhn vin qun l doanh nghip: 528,36 triu
ng/nm.
Chi ph qun l doanh nghip tnh cho mt n v sn phm:
528,36/25 = 21,1 (ng/lt)
Tng chi ph vn hnh nh my:
Ct = 38084,254 + 2042,04 + 17229,415 + 4085,68 + 528,36
= 61969,749 (triu ng/nm) (t > 3)
Chi ph vn hnh nh my trong nhng nm u:
Ct = 30467,403 + 2042,04 + 15762,34 + 4085,68 + 528,36
= 52894,823 (triu ng/nm) (t = 1; 2; 3)
2. Cc khon thu, chi khc
a. Thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph ca nh my
Lng sn phm ph tng ng vi mt lt bia thnh phm l:
182,5g b malt i vi sn phm bia chai,
151,1g b malt i vi sn phm bia hi,
15ml sa men.
Gi bn cc sn phm ph:
400 ng/1kg b malt,
1000 ng/1lt sa men.
Tin thu c t sn phm ph i vi mt n v sn phm bia chai l:
0,1825 400 + 0,015 1000 = 88,0 (ng/lt)
Tin thu c t sn phm ph i vi mt n v sn phm bia hi l:
0,1511 400 + 0,015 1000 = 75,4 (ng/lt)
119
n tt nghip
Thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph ca nh my trong mt nm l:

88,0 20000000 + 75,4 5000000 = 2.137.000.000 (ng)
b. Chi ph tin vn
Mt nm nh my phi tr li ngn hng 9959,235 triu ng.
Chi ph tin vn tnh trn mt n v sn phm l:
9959,235/25 = 398,4 (ng/lt)
3. Gi thnh sn phm
* i vi sn phm bia chai:
Gi thnh phn xng (gi thnh sn xut) =
= CPnguyn vt liu + CPnhn cng trc tip + CPsn xut chung TNbn sn phm ph + CPtin vn
= 1619,5 + 81,7 + 689,2 88,0 + 398,4 = 2700,8 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh cng xng = Gi thnh sn xut + CPqun l doanh nghip
= 2700,8 + 21,1 = 2721,9 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh ton b (z1) = Gi thnh cng xng + CPtiu th sn phm =
= 2721,9 + 163,4 = 2885,3 (ng/lt)
* i vi sn phm bia hi:
Gi thnh phn xng (gi thnh sn xut) =
= CPnguyn vt liu + CPnhn cng trc tip + CPsn xut chung TNbn sn phm ph + CPtin vn
= 1139,0 + 81,7 + 689,2 75,4 + 398,4 = 2232,9 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh cng xng = Gi thnh sn xut + CPqun l doanh nghip
= 2232,9 + 21,1 = 2254,0 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh ton b (z2) = Gi thnh cng xng + CPtiu th sn phm =
= 2254,0 + 163,4 = 2417,4 (ng/lt)
4. Gi bn
Gi: gi thnh ton b ca mt n v sn phm l z1 (bia chai) z2 (bia hi),
gi bn mt n v sn phm l p1 (bia chai), p2 (bia hi).
Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT): 10%p1 (bia chai), 10%p2 (bia hi),
Thu tiu th c bit: 40%p1 (bia chai), 40%p2 (bia hi)
Li nhun mong mun trn mt n v sn phm:
20%p1(bia chai), 10%p2 (bia hi)
* i vi bia chai:
Ta c: p1 = z1 + (0,1p1 + 0,4p1) + 0,2p1 = z1 + 0,7p1
120
n tt nghip
Suy ra: z1 = 0,3p1 hay p1 = z1/0,3 = 2885,3/0,3 = 9617,7 (ng/lt)

Gi bn cha tnh thu mt n v sn phm:
z1 + 0,2p1 = 0,3p1 + 0,2p1 = 0,5p1 = 4808,9 (ng/lt)
* i vi bia hi:
Ta c: p2 = z2 + (0,1p2 + 0,4p2) + 0,1p2 = z2 + 0,6p2
Suy ra: z1 = 0,4p1 hay p1 = z1/0,4 = 2417,4 /0,4 = 6043,5 (ng/lt)
Gi bn cha tnh thu mt n v sn phm:
z2 + 0,1p2 = 0,4p2 + 0,1p2 = 0,5p2 = 3021,8 (ng/lt)
5. Thu nhp trc thu ca d n
Thu nhp trc thu ca d n nm th t: Rt
= Cng sut thit k Gi bn cha tnh thu
Rt
= 0,5p1 Q1 + 0,5p2 Q2
= 4808,9 20 + 3021,8 5
= 111287 (triu ng/nm) (t > 3)
Cng vi c thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph th tng doanh thu trc
thu ca nh my l: Rt = 111287 + 2137 = 113424 (triu ng/nm) (t > 3)
Gi bn trung bnh cha tnh thu ca sn phm:
111287/25 = 4451,5 (ng/lt)
Tng thu nhp trc thu ca d n trong nhng nm u l:
Rt = 80% 113424 = 90739,2 (triu ng) (t = 1; 2; 3)
121
n tt nghip
III. Tnh dng tin v mt s ch tiu hiu qu ca d n

Bng tng hp tnh ton qua 20 nm
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Nm 0
0
0
Nm 1
20000000
4451,5
Nm 2
20000000
4451,5
Nm 3
20000000
4451,5
81444768
81444768
81444768
0
0
48885823
30467403
48885823
30467403
48885823
30467403
0
0
0
0
2042040
15762340
85680
528360
2042040
15762340
85680
528360
2042040
15762340
85680
528360
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Tin cn n ngn hng
99592350
14134256
85458094
0
99592350
29073109
14134256
28575147
14134256
28077185
14134256
14938853
94612733
14440891
89633115
13942929
84653498
Thu nhp ca d n (At)

NPV
-99592350
-99592350
17620093
-83646565
18118054
-68808167
18616016
-55010683
Chi ph vn hnh (Ct)

Chi ph nguyn vt liu
Chi ph nhn cng trc
tip
Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph tiu th sn phm
Chi ph qun l
122
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Nm 4
25000000
4451,5
Nm 5
25000000
4451,5
Nm 6
25000000
4451,5
Nm 7
25000000
4451,5
101805960
101805960
101805960
101805960
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Tin cn n ngn hng
27579223
14134256
26583300
14134256
26085338
14134256
13444967
79673880
55170156
14134256
28088894
12947006
74694263
12449044
69714645
11951082
64735028
Thu nhp ca d n (At)

NPV
30391244
-34626216
2800311.5
-32926427
31387167
-15684792
31885129
166046
Chi ph vn hnh (Ct)

Chi ph nguyn vt liu
Chi ph nhn cng trc
tip
Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph qun l
123
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Nm 8
25000000
4451,5
Nm 9
25000000
4451,5
Nm 10
25000000
4451,5
Nm 11
25000000
4451,5
101805960
101805960
101805960
101805960
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Tin cn n ngn hng
25587376
14134256
25089415
14134256
24093491
14134256
11453120
59755410
10955159
54775793
57680347
14134256
33088894
10457197
49796175
9959235
44816558
Thu nhp ca d n (At)

NPV
32383091
14734722
32881053
28121782
290120
28228676
33876976
39524543
Chi ph vn hnh (Ct)

Chi ph nguyn vt liu
Chi ph nhn cng trc
tip
Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph qun l
124
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Nm 12
25000000
4451,5
Nm 13
25000000
4451,5
Nm 14
25000000
4451,5
Nm 15
25000000
4451,5
101805960
101805960
101805960
101805960
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Tin cn n ngn hng
23595529
14134256
23097568
14134256
22599606
14134256
9461273
39836940
8963312
34857323
8465350
29877705
50190538
14134256
28088894
7967388
24898088
Thu nhp ca d n (At)

NPV
34374938
49897309
34872900
59420412
35370861
68161666
7779929
69901634
Chi ph vn hnh (Ct)

Chi ph nguyn vt liu
Chi ph nhn cng trc
tip
Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph qun l
125
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Nm 16
25000000
4451,5
Nm 17
25000000
4451,5
Nm 18
25000000
4451,5
Nm 19
25000000
4451,5
101805960
101805960
101805960
101805960
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
57969749
38084254
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Tin cn n ngn hng
21603682
14134256
21105721
14134256
20607759
14134256
20109797
14134256
7469426
19918470
6971465
14938853
6473503
9959235
5975541
4979618
Thu nhp ca d n (At)

NPV
36366785
77262154
36864747
84014466
37362708
90207698
37860670
95887131
Chi ph vn hnh (Ct)

Chi ph nguyn vt liu
Chi ph nhn cng trc
tip
Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph qun l
126
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Nm 20
25000000
4451,5
101805960
Chi ph vn hnh (Ct)

Chi ph nguyn vt liu
Chi ph nhn cng trc
tip
Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph qun l
57969749
38084254
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Tin cn n ngn hng
19611835
14134256
Thu nhp ca d n (At)

NPV
38358632
101094491
2042040
17229415
85680
528360
5477579
0
127
n tt nghip
NPV qua 20 nm =

20
At
(1 + r )
t =0
Trong :
r = MARR: sut thu li ti thiu chp nhn c hay li sut
thp nht m nh u t yu cu
r = 10,5%
At: gi tr dng tin mt cui nm t = thu nhp ca d n
At = Rt Ct (It Vn lu ng)
Rt: doanh thu ca d n nm t,
Rt = cng sut thit k gi bn cha tnh thu.
Ct: chi ph vn hnh ca d n nm t
It: chi ph u t nm t
Ta c:
NPV = 101.094.491.000 (ng) > 0
Theo bng trn ta thy thi gian thu hi vn khong 7 nm.
Kt lun: D n c hiu qu.
128
n tt nghip
Phn VIII: V sinh an ton lao ng

I. V sinh
V sinh l mt cng vic lun c cc nh my sn xut cng nghip,
c bit l trong lnh vc thc phm quan tm, i hi phi c thc hin
mt cch nghim tc v nghim ngt. Cht lng sn phm ph thuc vo rt
nhiu yu t trong sn xut, trong khu v sinh ng vai tr then cht.
Vic v sinh trong nh my bao gm mt s ni dung chnh sau:
1. V sinh c nhn
- i vi cng ngh sn xut bia, cng nhn trc tip tham gia sn xut phi
khe mnh, khng mc cc bnh mn tnh hay truyn nhim.
- Khi lm vic, cng nhn phi mc qun o bo h lao ng, sch s, gn
gng v lun c thc bo v chung.
- Trong khu gy men ging th ch nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c ra
vo m bo v trng.
- Trong khu lc bia, cng nhn cn eo khu trang v hn ch ni chuyn.
- Mi cng nhn trong nh my cn thng xuyn c kim tra sc khe.
2. V sinh thit b nh xng
- Tt c cc thit b, dng c tham gia vo dy chuyn sn xut cn phi c
v sinh sch s, theo nh k.
- i vi my mc thit b cc phn xng ph tr, phi kim tra, bo
dng thng xuyn.
- Khu vc nh nu, hon thin sn phm cn thong mt, gii quyt tt vn
thng gi v ht bi.
- Cc phn xng c bi, ting n cn phi c t v tr hp l, khng
nh hng ti cc khu vc khc.
- Kho nguyn liu cn b tr hp l, rng ri, thong mt, c nhit k, m k
theo di, trnh cho vi sinh vt pht trin lm hng nguyn liu.
- Khu vc hnh chnh xy dng pha trc nh my cn phi c trng
nhiu cy xanh to v p m quan v iu ha khng kh cho nh my.
- Cht thi v nc thi t nh my cn phi c x l t tiu chun cho
php trc khi thi ra mi trng.
129
n tt nghip
- ng i, h thng thot nc, h thng x l nc thi ca nh my cn

phi c thng xuyn qut dn, kim tra.
130
n tt nghip
II. An ton lao ng

Bo h an ton lao ng cng l mt khu quan trng trong sn xut v
n nh hng trc tip n sc khe, tnh mng ngi lao ng v tui th
thit b. i vi nh my sn xut bia, cn phi quan tm ti mt s im
quan trng sau y:
1. Chng kh c trong nh my
- Kh c trong nh my bia ch yu l CO2 c sinh ra t qu trnh ln men
v NH3 t h thng lnh.
- Khi thi l hi: hn ch tc hi do khi thi l hi gy ra cho mi trng
xung quanh, cn lp t h thng ng khi cao trn 10m khuch tn khi
ln cao, khng nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh.
2. Chng n v rung ng
Ting n v rung ng nh hng khng tt ti sc khe ca cng
nhn, gy ra mt mi, nh hng ti thnh gic, dn n s km tp trung,
gim kh nng lm vic. Do , cn phi c bin php khc phc:
- Thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng sa cha my mc kp thi.
- Khi lp cc phn, nu c th th nn lp cc tm m c n hi chng
rung.
3. An ton khi vn hnh thit b
- Cc thit b chu p nh l hi, my nn, bnh np CO2 ... cn c kim tra
nh k, vn hnh cn thn, ng hng dn.
- Cc thit b khc cng cn c kim tra thng xuyn kp thi pht hin
hng hc.
- Thng xuyn theo di, kim tra cc ng ng, van, ng h o... kp
thi x l s c.
- Cng nhn khi vn hnh phi c trang b y bo h lao ng, khng
b v tr khi ang lm vic, thc hin nghim tc ch giao ca.
4. An ton v in
Trong qu trnh sn xut, cng nhn lun phi thng xuyn tip xc
vi cc thit b s dng in, do cn ch :
131
n tt nghip
- Phi thc hin tuyt i ni quy an ton v in trnh xy ra s c hay tai

nn. Cch in tt cc phn mang in, c bit l ti cc khu vc c m
cao v nhiu nc nh phn xng ln men, phn xng hon thin sn
phm...
- B tr cc ng dy cch xa tm tay hoc li i li ca ngi sn xut. B
tr cu dao in hp l c th ngt mi khi c s c.
5. Phng chy cha chy
Mi phn xng u phi c thit b cha chy, t v tr hp l c
th d tm khi c s c.
132
n tt nghip
Kt lun
Trong nhng thc ung gii kht hin nay th bia l sn phm c a
chung v dng ph bin trn ton th gii, sn xut bia em li li nhun
kinh t cao v y cng chnh l ng lc thc y ngnh cng nghip sn
xut bia ngy cng pht trin. Lch s ngnh bia nc ta tuy cha lu song
vi quy m v sc pht trin hin nay khng nh cng nghip sn xut bia
l mt ngnh kinh t quan trng c ch ng vng chc trong nn kinh t
quc dn v cn nhiu tim nng pht trin. Chnh v vy thit k nh my
bia l mt yu cu ph hp vi nhu cu thc tin.
Nh my sn xut bia theo cng ngh ln men hin i bao gm nhiu
phn xng vi cc my mc, trang b hin i. Do thit k mt nh my
bia hon chnh vi y cc b phn l mt cng vic rt phc tp i hi
nhiu thi gian v phi c kin thc tng hp v nhiu lnh vc. iu ny
cng ni ln rng thit k nh my bia l mt yu cu v cng l iu kin cn
thit rn luyn k nng v tip cn gn hn vi cng nghip sn xut thc
phm v c bit l ngnh cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm ln men.
Trong n ny em c nhim v thit k nh my bia vi nng sut 25
triu lt/nm, trong sn xut 20 triu lt bia chai v 5 triu lt bia hi. S
dng 20% nguyn liu thay th l go, dch ng i ln men c nng cht
kh 12Bx ng vi bia chai v 10,5Bx ng vi bia hi.
Ni dung n gm cc phn chnh sau:
Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut
Phn II: Chn phng php sn xut v thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b
Phn V: Tnh ton nhu cu nhin liu, nng lng, nhu cu nc ca nh my
Phn VI: Tnh ton v thit k xy dng
Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t
Phn VIII: V sinh v an ton lao ng
Nm bn v:
S dy chuyn cng ngh (A1)
Mt bng, mt ct nh sn xut chnh (A1)
Mt bng, mt ct khu tank ln men (A1)
Mt bng nh hon thin sn phm (A1)
133
n tt nghip
Tng mt bng nh my (A1)

Qu trnh lm n gip em c thm nhiu hiu bit v cng ngh
sn xut bia theo cng ngh hin i, mt ngnh sn xut hin vn cn l tim
nng v ha hn pht trin nc ta.
c s gip tn tnh ca TS Qun L H, ThS KTS Hong Thanh
Thu, ThS Phm Th Kim Ngc n ca em hon thnh. Do kinh nghim
bn thn cn t v thi gian c hn, n ca em chc chn khng trnh khi
thiu st. Rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy, c em hon
thin kin thc v rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni thng 05 nm 2006
Sinh vin
Nguyn Giang Sn
134
n tt nghip
Ti liu tham kho chnh

[1] PGS,PTS Hong nh Ho. Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[2] PGS,TS Nguyn nh Thng, TS Nguyn Thanh Hng.
Cng ngh sn xut v kim tra cn etylic
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[3] PGS,TS Bi c Hi (ch bin). Ch bin lng thc (Tp 3)
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, nm 1985
[4] Tp th tc gi: B mn Qu trnh thit b cng ngh ho cht v thc
phm. S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (Tp 1,2) Nh xut bn
Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 1982 1992.
[5] PGS,TS Nguyn Bin. Tnh ton qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ho
cht v cng ngh thc phm (Tp 1)
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[6] PGS Ng Bnh. C s xy dng nh cng nghip
B mn xy dng cng nghip
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, nm 1997
135

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n tt nghip

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

11. Hon thin sn phm --------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men -------------------------------------------- 74

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

b. Nh gii thiu sn phm------------------------------------------------------------------ 102

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

5. Phng chy cha chy -------------------------------------------------------------------- 132

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

II. Chn loi sn phm, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

- Ngun nhn lc khng qu khan him.

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Ngun nc: nc c ly t h thng ging khoan. Trong nh my

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Phn II: Chn phng php sn xut v thuyt minh

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

- Mi v: mi v c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt du, c

Thnh phn ho hc ca malt

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

polyphenol v tinh du thm ngoi ra cn mt s hp phn khc nhng khng

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

thnh nn hng v ca bia. Bi vy, nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

II. Chn phng php nu

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

ton c lp v tru trong qu trnh nghin do dch ng thu c c

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

y bng c kt cu c gii t ng nn vn hnh n gin, bo n tt, thng

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

5. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

III. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

3. Ln men sn phm bia hi

Nguyn Giang Sn CNSH-B, K46

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

IV. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut