II

I'
20 minutes---:-----~---------___t~~,::::::::~-LC==:L Blood pressure drops to normal. Pulse rate drops to normal. Body temperature of hands and feet increases to normal. 8hours--------------------~~r_,,-,_----- Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal. Oxygen level in blood increases to normal

_+---48 hours --------------------+ Nerve endings start regrowing. Ability to smell and taste is enhanced. 1 to 9 months -------------------! Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease. Cilia regrow in lungs, which increased ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, reduce infection. Body's overall energy increases.

24 hours Chance of heart attack decreases. 2 weeks to 3 months Circulation improves. Walking becomes easier. Lung function increases up to 30%.

e-if----

e-if----

1 year Excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker. 5 years Lung cancedr death rate for average former smoker (one pack a day) decreases by almost half.

10years----------------------!_ Lung cancer death rate similar to that of nonsmokers. Precancerous cells are replaced. Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas decreases.

~---1--15

years Risk of coronary heart disease is that of a nonsmoker.

Figure 8.5 When Smokers Quit

Within 20 minutes of smoking that last cigarette. the body begins a series of changes that continues for years. However, by smoking just one cigarette a day, the smoker loses all these benefits, according to the American Cancer Society.
Source: G. Hanson and P. Venturelli, Drugs and Society, 5th ed. (Sudbury, www.jbpub.com. Reprinted with permission. MA: Jones and Bartlett, 1998), 320. Jones and Bartlett,

for heart attack drops to near normal. At the end of ten smoke-free years, the ex-smoker can expect to live out his or her normal life span.

What Do You Think?

Do you 'know

people who have tried to quit smoking? What was this experience like for them? Were they successful? If not, what factors contributed to relapse?

socially encouraged. Many people believe caffeine is not a drug and not really addictive. Coffee and other caffeine-containing products seem harmless. If you share these attitudes, think again; research in the past decade has linked caffeine to certain health problems. Caffeine is a drug derived from the chemical family called xanthines. Two related chemicals, theophylline and theobromine, are found in tea and chocolate, respectively. The xanthines are mild CNS stimulants that enhance mental alertness and reduce feelings of

CAFFEINE
Caffeine is the most popular and widely consumed drug in the United States. Almost half of all Americans drink coffee every day, and many others consume caffeine in some other form, mainly for its well-known "wake-up" effect. Drinking coffee is legal, even Caffeine A stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and some soft drinks. Xanthines The chemical family of stimulants to which caffeine belongs.

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Chapter 8 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Caffeine

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