Altair Engineering, Inc.

Innovation Intelligence

RADIOSS V4
Seat Modeling For Crash Application V02

Abstract

Target :
The target of this document is to review in detail all necessary RADIOSS options needed to set in the
model in order to perform a seat model analysis. In this example, a front impact sled test is modeled.

Summary :
The different chapters are :

Seat meshing
Model assembling
Materials and properties
Connections
Dummy setting
Loadcase
Engine file
Result analysis

Page
03
07
09
15
16
22
25
26

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Seat Mesh :
The seat is meshed with 4 nodes and 3 nodes thin shell elements. The feet of the seat are modeled with
beam elements. The beams are connected to the shell elements with common nodes. These elements
are set into parts which are linked to isotropic material and property.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PART/1/Seat plate
/PART/1/Seat plate
1
1
1
1
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/SHELL/1
/SHELL/1
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
N4
Thick
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
N4
Thick
1
48
1693
1692
1696
0
1
48
1693
1692
1696
0
2
1181
1694
1692
1693
0
2
1181
1694
1692
1693
0
3
1447
1695
1692
1694
0
3
1447
1695
1692
1694
0
4
788
1696
1692
1695
0
4
788
1696
1692
1695
0

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PART/3/Feet
/PART/3/Feet
3
3
3
3
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/BEAM/3
/BEAM/3
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
12371
531
4
96
12371
531
4
96
12372
2
529
55
12372
2
529
55
12373
3
530
71
12373
3
530
71
12374
1
528
92
12374
1
528
92

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Seat Mesh :
The material for the shell elements is an elasto-plastic one with Johnson-Cooks formulation and damage
(maximum stress). The shell formulation, thickness, number of integration points are defined in the shell
property cards.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/MAT/PLAS_JOHNS/1/STEEL
/MAT/PLAS_JOHNS/1/STEEL
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
7.9e-009
0
7.9e-009
0
#
E
Nu
#
E
Nu
210000
0.3
210000
0.3
#
a
b
n
Eps_max
sigma_max
#
a
b
n
Eps_max
sigma_max
200
450
0.5
1e+030
425
200
450
0.5
1e+030
425
#
c
Eps_0
Icc Fsmooth
FCUT
#
c
Eps_0
Icc Fsmooth
FCUT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
m
T_melt
rhoCp
T_i
#
m
T_melt
rhoCp
T_i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SHELL/1/Shell
/PROP/SHELL/1/Shell
# Ishell Ismstr
# Ishell Ismstr
24
0
24
0
#
hm
hf
hr
dm
dn
#
hm
hf
hr
dm
dn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
N Istrain
Thick
Ashear
Ithick
Iplas
#
N Istrain
Thick
Ashear
Ithick
Iplas
5
0
1.5
0
0
0
5
0
1.5
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Seat Mesh :
The material for the feet is the same as the previous one. The beam area, inertias and released DOF
are defined in the beam property cards.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/MAT/PLAS_JOHNS/1/STEEL
/MAT/PLAS_JOHNS/1/STEEL
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
7.9e-009
0
7.9e-009
0
#
E
Nu
#
E
Nu
210000
0.3
210000
0.3
#
a
b
n
Eps_max
sigma_max
#
a
b
n
Eps_max
sigma_max
200
450
0.5
1e+030
425
200
450
0.5
1e+030
425
#
c
Eps_0
Icc Fsmooth
FCUT
#
c
Eps_0
Icc Fsmooth
FCUT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
m
T_melt
rhoCp
T_i
#
m
T_melt
rhoCp
T_i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/BEAM/3/BEAM
/PROP/BEAM/3/BEAM
#
Ismstr
#
Ismstr
0
0
#
dm
df
#
dm
df
0
0
0
0
#
Area
Iyy
Izz
Ixx
#
Area
Iyy
Izz
Ixx
130
15000
15000
30000
130
15000
15000
30000
#
Rot Ishear
#
Rot Ishear
000 000
0
000 000
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Seat Mesh :
The backseat structure is linked to the seat itself with two rigid bodies.
The rigid bodies are defined with a set of slave nodes. The parameters are the default ones. The rigid
body is set to the time history.

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/RBODY/1/Recliner
/RBODY/1/Recliner
#
RBID
ISENS
NSKEW ISPHER
MASS Gnod_id
IKREM
ICOG Surf_id
#
RBID
ISENS
NSKEW ISPHER
MASS Gnod_id
IKREM
ICOG Surf_id
12109
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
12109
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
#
Jxx
Jyy
Jzz
#
Jxx
Jyy
Jzz
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
Jxy
Jyz
Jxz
#
Jxy
Jyz
Jxz
0
0
0
0
0
0
/GRNOD/NODE/1/RBODY_group_369_of_NODE
/GRNOD/NODE/1/RBODY_group_369_of_NODE
1
110
211
514
532
598
880
887
1608
1619
1
110
211
514
532
598
880
887
1608
1619

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/TH/RBODY/2/Rigid body
/TH/RBODY/2/Rigid body
#
var1
var2
var3
var4
var5
var6
var7
var8
var9
var10
#
var1
var2
var3
var4
var5
var6
var7
var8
var9
var10
DEF
DEF
#
Obj1
Obj2
Obj3
Obj4
Obj5
Obj6
Obj7
Obj8
Obj9
Obj10
#
Obj1
Obj2
Obj3
Obj4
Obj5
Obj6
Obj7
Obj8
Obj9
Obj10
1
2
1
2
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Model assembling :
On the seat structure, the floor, the seat belt anchorage points and the foam blocks are added.

Tree hierarchy

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Model assembling :
A self impact interface is defined with all the shell element parts. This interface is defined with friction and
variable gap (gap defined according the part thickness).

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/INTER/TYPE7/300003/All self impact
/INTER/TYPE7/300003/All self impact
#Slav_id Mast_id
Istf
Igap
Multi
Ibag
Idel
#Slav_id Mast_id
Istf
Igap
Multi
Ibag
Idel
300023 300022
0
1
0
0
0
300023 300022
0
1
0
0
0
#
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
#
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
#
I_BC
INACTI
VIS_S
VIS_F
BUMULT
#
I_BC
INACTI
VIS_S
VIS_F
BUMULT
000
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
# Ifric Ifiltr
Xfreq
Iform
# Ifric Ifiltr
Xfreq
Iform
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/GRNOD/SURF/300023/INTER_group_300023_of_SURF
/GRNOD/SURF/300023/INTER_group_300023_of_SURF
300022
300022
/SURF/PART/300022/INTER_group_300022_of_PART
/SURF/PART/300022/INTER_group_300022_of_PART
1
2
4
5 100001 300003 300004
1
2
4
5 100001 300003 300004
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Materials and properties :

The seat foam is defined with isotropic solid elements, HSEPH formulation and linked to a visco-elastic
material. A curve (stress vs strain) defines the material behavior.

Stress
Stress

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/MAT/FOAM_PLAS/300001/Foam
/MAT/FOAM_PLAS/300001/Foam
1.2
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
1.2
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
1e-009
0
1
1e-009
0
1
#
E
Ka
If
#
E
Ka
If
15
0 300001
0.8
15
0 300001
0.8
#
P0
Phi
Gamma_0
#
P0
Phi
Gamma_0
0.6
0
0
0
0.6
0
0
0
#
A
B
C
#
A
B
C
0.4
0
0
0
0.4
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
0.2
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
0.2
/FUNCT/300001/Foam
/FUNCT/300001/Foam
#
X
Y
0
#
X
Y
0
-0.75
1.1
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
-0.75
1.1
-1
-0.5
0
0.5

Strain
0
0
Strain
0
0
1
0.017
1
0.017
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SOLID/300001/Foam
/PROP/SOLID/300001/Foam
# Isolid Ismstr
Iplas
Icpre
Icstr
dn
# Isolid Ismstr
Iplas
Icpre
Icstr
dn
104
0
0
0
0
0
104
0
0
0
0
0
#
q_a
q_b
h
#
q_a
q_b
h
0
0
0
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Model building

Materials and properties :

The seat cushions are modeled with orthotropic thick shell elements and linked to the fabric material.

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/MAT/FABRI/300002/Fabric
/MAT/FABRI/300002/Fabric
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
2e-009
0
2e-009
0
#
E_11
E_22
Nu_12
#
E_11
E_22
Nu_12
2000
2000
0.2
2000
2000
0.2
#
G_12
G_23
G_31
#
G_12
G_23
G_31
500
500
500
500
500
500
#
Re
#
Re
0.001
0.001
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SH_ORTH/300002/Fabric
/PROP/SH_ORTH/300002/Fabric
# Ishell Ismstr
# Ishell Ismstr
24
0
24
0
#
hm
hf
hr
dm
dn
#
hm
hf
hr
dm
dn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
N Istrain
Thick
Ashear
Ithick
Iplas
#
N Istrain
Thick
Ashear
Ithick
Iplas
1
0
0.7
0
0
0
1
0
0.7
0
0
0
#
Vx
Vy
Vz
Phi
#
Vx
Vy
Vz
Phi
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

10

Model building

Materials and properties :

The seat belt will be modeled both with 1D elements and shell elements.
The shell elements will be set in front of the dummy in order to manage
correctly the contact and the forces. This 2D meshed seatbelt is linked to
the car (floor) using 1D elements :

Slip-ring
Load limiter

truss (bar)
Load limiter (spring)
Pretentioner (spring)
Slip-ring (pulley type spring)

Pretentioner
Truss

The stiffness of the truss elements used in this model is defined with an
elasto-plastic material (same as the beam elements) and an area set in
the property.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/TRUSS/200001/Wire
/PROP/TRUSS/200001/Wire
#
Area
Gap
#
Area
Gap
50
0
50
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

11

Model building

Materials and properties :

The load limiter is defined with a spring element and a spring type property :
Load limiter

20000
15000
Force

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PART/200003/Limiter
/PART/200003/Limiter
200003
0 200005
200003
0 200005
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/SPRING/200003
/SPRING/200003
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
200005 200009 200010
0
200005 200009 200010
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SPRING/200003/Load limiter
/PROP/SPRING/200003/Load limiter
#
Mass
Isensor Isflag
Ileng
#
Mass
Isensor Isflag
Ileng
1e-005
0
0
0
1e-005
0
0
0
#
K
C
A
B
D
#
K
C
A
B
D
10000
0
0
0
0
10000
0
0
0
0
#
N1
H
N2
N3
delta_min
delta_max
#
N1
H
N2
N3
delta_min
delta_max
200001
2
0
0
0
0
200001
2
0
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/FUNCT/200001/Load limitor
/FUNCT/200001/Load limitor
#
X
Y
#
X
Y
-100
0
-100
0
0
0
0
0
0.6
6000
0.6
6000
100
6000
100
6000
101
16000
101
16000
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10--#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---

10000
5000
0

-100

-50
0
50
Displacement

100

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

12

Model building

Materials and properties :

The pretentioner is defined with a spring element and a pretentioner type
property which is activated by a sensor.
Pretentioner

10000
5000
Force

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SPR_PRE/200004/Pretensioner
/PROP/SPR_PRE/200004/Pretensioner
#
spring-mass
Sensor
#
spring-mass
Sensor
1e-005
200001
1e-005
200001
#
Stif0
F1
D1
E1
Stif1
#
Stif0
F1
D1
E1
Stif1
10000
0
0
0
0
10000
0
0
0
0
# Ifunc1 Ifunc2
# Ifunc1 Ifunc2
200002
0
200002
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/SENSOR/TIME/200001/TIME Sensor
/SENSOR/TIME/200001/TIME Sensor
#
Tdelay
#
Tdelay
0.01
0.01
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/FUNCT/200002/Pretensionner
/FUNCT/200002/Pretensionner
#
X
Y
#
X
Y
-121
-10000
-121
-10000
-120
0
-120
0
-50
2500
-50
2500
0
3000
0
3000
1
10000
1
10000
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

-150

0
-100

-50

0
-5000
-10000

Displacement

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

13

Model building

Materials and properties :

The slip-ring is defined with a 3 nodes spring element and a pulley type
property.
Slip-ring
The spring will slide around the second node of the spring.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PART/200002/Belt pulley
/PART/200002/Belt pulley
200002
0 200005
200002
0 200005
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/SPRING/200002
/SPRING/200002
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
#
Id
N1
N2
N3
200003 200006 200008 200004
200003 200006 200008 200004
200004 200007 100568 200010
200004 200007 100568 200010
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SPR_PUL/200002/Belt pulley
/PROP/SPR_PUL/200002/Belt pulley
#
Mass
Isensor Isflag
Ileng
Fric
#
Mass
Isensor Isflag
Ileng
Fric
1e-005
0
0
0
0
1e-005
0
0
0
0
#
K
C
A
B
D
#
K
C
A
B
D
10000
0
0
0
0
10000
0
0
0
0
#
N1
H
N2
delta_min
delta_max
#
N1
H
N2
delta_min
delta_max
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

14

Model building

Connections:
Rigid body
The seat feet and the seat belts are merged (red
arrows) to the floor and included in the floor rigid
body.
The cushions are connected to the seat
structure with tied interfaces in order to model
the (strong) glue.
/INTER/TYPE2/300002/Seat - Cushion
/INTER/TYPE2/300002/Seat - Cushion
#Slav_id Surf_id
Spotflag
Level Isearch
Dsearch
#Slav_id Surf_id
Spotflag
Level Isearch
Dsearch
300010 300011
0
0
0
0
0
300010 300011
0
0
0
0
0
/GRNOD/NODE/300010/INTER_group_300010_of_NODE
/GRNOD/NODE/300010/INTER_group_300010_of_NODE
300001 300002 300003 300004 300005 300006 300007 300008 300009 300010
300001 300002 300003 300004 300005 300006 300007 300008 300009 300010

/SURF/SURF/300011/INTER_group_300011_of_SURF
/SURF/SURF/300011/INTER_group_300011_of_SURF
300012 300014
300012 300014
/SURF/GRSHEL/300012/INTER_group_300012_of_GRSHEL
/SURF/GRSHEL/300012/INTER_group_300012_of_GRSHEL
300013
300013
/GRSHEL/SHEL/300013/INTER_group_300013_of_SHELL4N
/GRSHEL/SHEL/300013/INTER_group_300013_of_SHELL4N
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190

/SURF/PART/300014/INTER_group_300014_of_PART
/SURF/PART/300014/INTER_group_300014_of_PART
1
2
1
2

Tied interface

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

15

Model building

Dummy setting :
The dummy is added in the model using the safety position tools. When the
different parts of the dummy model is moved, the joint stiffnesses have to be also
updated.
The dummy is set on its right position even if there is intersection with the seat
cushion. This intersection is removed with the seat deformer of HyperCrash or the
morphing tool of HyperMesh.

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

16

Model building

Meshed belt creation :

From the 1D elements of the seat belt and the positioned dummy, the shell
meshed seatbelt is created. The shell meshed seatbelt is defined with fabric
material and orthotropic membrane property.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/MAT/FABRI/500002/Seat belt
/MAT/FABRI/500002/Seat belt
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
#
Init. dens.
Ref. dens.
3e-009
0
3e-009
0
#
E_11
E_22
Nu_12
#
E_11
E_22
Nu_12
10000
10000
0.1
10000
10000
0.1
#
G_12
G_23
G_31
#
G_12
G_23
G_31
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
#
Re
#
Re
0.001
0.001
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/PROP/SH_ORTH/500195/Belt
/PROP/SH_ORTH/500195/Belt
# Ishell Ismstr
# Ishell Ismstr
24
0
24
0
#
hm
hf
hr
dm
dn
#
hm
hf
hr
dm
dn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#
N Istrain
Thick
Ashear
Ithick
Iplas
#
N Istrain
Thick
Ashear
Ithick
Iplas
1
0
1.2
0
0
0
1
0
1.2
0
0
0
#
Vx
Vy
Vz
Phi
#
Vx
Vy
Vz
Phi
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

17

Model building

Meshed belt creation :

The shell meshed seatbelt is connected to 1D elements thru rigid bodies (4).

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

18

Model building

Contact interfaces :
A contact interface between the dummy and the outside surface of the cushion is
defined.
Because the dummy is defined as rigid body, it should only be defined as master
surface in the interface. In the other case, the friction will be not correctly computed.
The gap of this interface is bigger than the reality in order to have a smooth contact
force during the computation and a good sliding behavior.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/INTER/TYPE7/300006/Seat - Dummy
/INTER/TYPE7/300006/Seat - Dummy
#Slav_id Mast_id
Istf
Igap
Multi
Ibag
Idel
#Slav_id Mast_id
Istf
Igap
Multi
Ibag
Idel
500210 500211
0
0
0
0
0
500210 500211
0
0
0
0
0
#
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
#
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
0
0.3
3
0
0
0
0.3
3
0
0
#
I_BC
INACTI
VIS_S
VIS_F
BUMULT
#
I_BC
INACTI
VIS_S
VIS_F
BUMULT
000
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
# Ifric Ifiltr
Xfreq
Iform
# Ifric Ifiltr
Xfreq
Iform
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
/GRNOD/PART/500210/INTER_group_500210_of_PART
/GRNOD/PART/500210/INTER_group_500210_of_PART
300003 300004
300003 300004
/SURF/PART/500211/INTER_group_500211_of_PART
/SURF/PART/500211/INTER_group_500211_of_PART
500001 500002 500003 500004 500005 500006 500007 500008 500009 500010
500001 500002 500003 500004 500005 500006 500007 500008 500009 500010
500011 500013 500014 500015 500016 500017
500011 500013 500014 500015 500016 500017
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

19

Model building

Contact interfaces :

Upper belt

Contact interface between the dummy and the seatbelt is also defined.
Because the dummy is defined as rigid body, it should only be defined as
master surface in the interface. In the other case, the friction will be not
correctly computed. The gap of this interface is bigger than the reality in
order to have a smooth contact force during the computation and a good
sliding behavior.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/INTER/TYPE7/300004/BELT ID 500038
/INTER/TYPE7/300004/BELT ID 500038
#Slav_id Mast_id
Istf
Igap
Multi
Ibag
Idel
#Slav_id Mast_id
Istf
Igap
Multi
Ibag
Idel
500208 300023
0
0
0
0
0
500208 300023
0
0
0
0
0
#
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
#
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
0
0.5
5
0
0
0
0.5
5
0
0
#
I_BC
INACTI
VIS_S
VIS_F
BUMULT
#
I_BC
INACTI
VIS_S
VIS_F
BUMULT
000
0
0
0
0
000
0
0
0
0
# Ifric Ifiltr
Xfreq
Iform
# Ifric Ifiltr
Xfreq
Iform
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/GRNOD/PART/500208/BELT ID 500038
/GRNOD/PART/500208/BELT ID 500038
500038
500038
/SURF/PART/300023/BELT ID 500038
/SURF/PART/300023/BELT ID 500038
500001 500002 500003 500004 500005 500006 500010 500016
500001 500002 500003 500004 500005 500006 500010 500016
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Lower belt

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

20

Model building

Contact interfaces :
A contact interface between the dummy and the floor is also
defined.
In order to take into account the friction (infinite one) between the
floor and the dummy, both defined as rigid bodies, a contact tied
type interface with possible rebound is used.

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/INTER/TYPE10/300007/Floor - dummy
/INTER/TYPE10/300007/Floor - dummy
#Slav_id Mast_id
Multimp
#Slav_id Mast_id
Multimp
500212 500213
0
500212 500213
0
#
STFAC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
#
STFAC
GAP
Tstart
Tstop
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
#
I_tied INACTI
VIS_S
BUMULT
#
I_tied INACTI
VIS_S
BUMULT
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/GRNOD/PART/500212/INTER_group_500212_of_PART
/GRNOD/PART/500212/INTER_group_500212_of_PART
500012 500018
500012 500018
/SURF/PART/500213/INTER_group_500213_of_PART
/SURF/PART/500213/INTER_group_500213_of_PART
100001
100001
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

21

Model building

Loadcase :
On the full model, an initial velocity is applied to the global X direction.
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/INIVEL/TRA/1/All
/INIVEL/TRA/1/All
#
Vx
Vy
Vz Gnod_id Skew_id
#
Vx
Vy
Vz Gnod_id Skew_id
-13000
0
0 500227
0
-13000
0
0 500227
0
/GRNOD/GRNOD/500227/INIVEL_group_500225_of_GRNOD
/GRNOD/GRNOD/500227/INIVEL_group_500225_of_GRNOD
500226 500225
500226 500225
/GRNOD/NODE/500226/INIVEL_group_500226_of_NODE
/GRNOD/NODE/500226/INIVEL_group_500226_of_NODE
12109
12110 100569 300677 300678 300679 300680 300681 300682 300683
12109
12110 100569 300677 300678 300679 300680 300681 300682 300683
300684 300685 300686 300687 300688 300689 300690 300691 300692 300693
300684 300685 300686 300687 300688 300689 300690 300691 300692 300693

GRNOD/PART/500225/INIVEL_group_500227_of_PART
GRNOD/PART/500225/INIVEL_group_500227_of_PART
1
2
3
4
5 100001 100002 200001 200002 200003
1
2
3
4
5 100001 100002 200001 200002 200003
200004 300001 300002 300003 300004 500002 500004 500011 500017 500019
200004 300001 300002 300003 300004 500002 500004 500011 500017 500019

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

The initial velocity has to be applied to any node of the model.

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

22

Model building

Loadcase :
On the floor, an imposed velocity (global X direction) is set on the master node of the rigid body in order
to reproduce the car deceleration during the crash.
The other degrees of freedom of the floor rigid body master node are clamped.

12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

Velocity

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/IMPVEL/100001/Imposed velocity
/IMPVEL/100001/Imposed velocity
# Ifunct
DIR
Iskew Isensor Gnod_id Iframe
# Ifunct
DIR
Iskew Isensor Gnod_id Iframe
100001
X
0
0 100004
0
100001
X
0
0 100004
0
#
Scale
Tstart
Tstop
#
Scale
Tstart
Tstop
-1
0
0
-1
0
0
/GRNOD/NODE/100004/IMPVEL_group_371_of_NODE
/GRNOD/NODE/100004/IMPVEL_group_371_of_NODE
100569
100569
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/FUNCT/100001/Imposed velocity
/FUNCT/100001/Imposed velocity
#
X
Y
#
X
Y
0
10000
0
10000
0.05
8000
0.05
8000
0.1
0
0.1
0
0.2
0
0.2
0
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/BCS/100001/Floor
/BCS/100001/Floor
011 111
0 100001
011 111
0 100001
/GRNOD/NODE/100001/BCS_group_342_of_NODE
/GRNOD/NODE/100001/BCS_group_342_of_NODE
100569
100569
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

0.05

0.1
Time

0.15

0.2

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

23

Model building

Time History data :

In order to analyze the model results, the following items are set in the time history data :

All interfaces
Rigid body master node
of the floor
Rigid body of the floor
All parts

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
/TH/NODE/500001/H350MEF2D00_th_nodes
/TH/NODE/500001/H350MEF2D00_th_nodes
DEF
DEF
505197
0Feet left
505197
0Feet left
505196
0Feet right
505196
0Feet right

/TH/SPRING/500002/TH Spring selection

/TH/SPRING/500002/TH Spring selection
DEF
DEF
506026
Chest_def
506026
Chest_def

/TH/ACCEL/500003/Accelerometers
/TH/ACCEL/500003/Accelerometers
DEF
DEF
500001 500002 500003
500001 500002 500003
/TH/INTER/500004/TH INTER
/TH/INTER/500004/TH INTER
DEF
DEF
300001 300002 300003 300004 300005 300006 300007
300001 300002 300003 300004 300005 300006 300007
/TH/RBODY/500005/Floor
/TH/RBODY/500005/Floor
DEF
DEF
100001
100001
/TH/PART/500007/All
/TH/PART/500007/All
DEF
DEF
1
2
3
4
5 100001 100002 200001 200002 200003
1
2
3
4
5 100001 100002 200001 200002 200003

#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|
#--1---|---2---|---3---|---4---|---5---|---6---|---7---|---8---|---9---|--10---|

The time history data of the dummy (nodes, springs, accelerometer, rigid bodies) are already defined in
the model.

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

24

Model building

Engine file :
Engine file contains all necessary information in order to
compute the model.
Example :
Time step control
Deletion of dummy shell elements

Time computation control

Animation file control

#
#
/TITLE
/TITLE
/VERS/44
/VERS/44
#
#
/DT/NODA/CST
/DT/NODA/CST
6.700000e-001 5.000000e-007
6.700000e-001 5.000000e-007
#
#
/DT/SHELL/DEL
/DT/SHELL/DEL
0.000000e+000 1.000000e-009
0.000000e+000 1.000000e-009
#
#
/RUN/MODEL_00/1
/RUN/MODEL_00/1
1.000100e-001
1.000100e-001
/TFILE
/TFILE
1.000000e-004
1.000000e-004
/PRINT/100
/PRINT/100
#
#
/ANIM/DT
/ANIM/DT
0.000000e+000 5.000000e-003
0.000000e+000 5.000000e-003
/ANIM/ELEM/EPSP
/ANIM/ELEM/EPSP
/ANIM/ELEM/HOURG
/ANIM/ELEM/HOURG
/ANIM/ELEM/VONM
/ANIM/ELEM/VONM
/ANIM/ELEM/ENER
/ANIM/ELEM/ENER
/ANIM/NODA/DMAS
/ANIM/NODA/DMAS
/ANIM/MASS
/ANIM/MASS
#
#
/PARITH/ON
/PARITH/ON
/MON/ON
/MON/ON

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

25

Model results

Listing file :
The starter listing file (<root_name>_0000.lis),
shows the RADIOSS analysis of the starter input
deck. .In this file all WARNINGS and ERRORS
have to be checked and corrected.
The total mass, the mass for each part and the time
step need also to be checked.

WARNING id : 432
WARNING id : 432
** WARNING IN SPRING ELEMENT
** WARNING IN SPRING ELEMENT
INERTIA ( = 1) OF SPRING ELT 506011,
INERTIA ( = 1) OF SPRING ELT 506011,
SEEMS TO BE INCONSISTENT WITH MASS AND LENGTH
SEEMS TO BE INCONSISTENT WITH MASS AND LENGTH
( REFERENCE INERTIA = Mass*Length^2 = 2.08001e-16 )
( REFERENCE INERTIA = Mass*Length^2 = 2.08001e-16 )

TERMINATION WITH WARNING

TERMINATION WITH WARNING
----------------------------------------------0 ERROR(S)
0 ERROR(S)
213 WARNING(S)
213 WARNING(S)

NODAL TIME STEP (estimation)

NODAL TIME STEP (estimation)
----------------------------TIME STEP
NODE NUMBER
TIME STEP
NODE NUMBER
8.5352478114788E-07
509728
8.5352478114788E-07
509728
1.1070707124365E-06
509729
1.1070707124365E-06
509729
1.2333282705249E-06
5370
1.2333282705249E-06
5370
1.2333282705249E-06
2628
1.2333282705249E-06
2628
1.2333282705249E-06
2997
1.2333282705249E-06
2997
1.2333282705249E-06
2590
1.2333282705249E-06
2590
1.2333282705249E-06
5423
1.2333282705249E-06
5423
1.2333282705249E-06
2610
1.2333282705249E-06
2610

WARNING id : 430
WARNING id : 430
** WARNING IN SHELL 4N ELEMENT
** WARNING IN SHELL 4N ELEMENT
SHELL With ID 500031 is a 4 Nodes degenerated Shell Element.
SHELL With ID 500031 is a 4 Nodes degenerated Shell Element.
PLEASE USE A SHELL3N FOR BETTER RESULTS
PLEASE USE A SHELL3N FOR BETTER RESULTS

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

26

Model results

Listing file :
The engine listing file (<root_name>_0001.lis)
contains the different computation cycles, the deleted
(eroded) elements and the error message.

RADIOSS CRASH-ALE-CFD
RADIOSS CRASH-ALE-CFD
04/27/2007
04/27/2007
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER
-- DELETE OF SHELL ELEMENT NUMBER

400001
400001
400002
400002
400003
400003
400004
400004

CYCLE
TIME
TIME-STEP ELEMENT
ERROR I-ENERGY
K-ENERGY T K-ENERGY R EXT-WORK MAS.ERR
CYCLE
TIME
TIME-STEP ELEMENT
ERROR I-ENERGY
K-ENERGY T K-ENERGY R EXT-WORK MAS.ERR
0
0.000
0.4397E-06 NODE
203472
0.0% 0.2856E-33 0.1251E+08
0.000
0.000
0.1003E-04
0
0.000
0.4397E-06 NODE
203472
0.0% 0.2856E-33 0.1251E+08
0.000
0.000
0.1003E-04
ANIMATION FILE: MODEL_01A001 WRITTEN
ANIMATION FILE: MODEL_01A001 WRITTEN
1000 0.5309E-03 0.5311E-06 NODE
408815
0.0%
959.4
0.1251E+08 0.2055
-2800.
0.1003E-04
1000 0.5309E-03 0.5311E-06 NODE
408815
0.0%
959.4
0.1251E+08 0.2055
-2800.
0.1003E-04
2000 0.1062E-02 0.5311E-06 NODE
408815
0.0%
1090.
0.1251E+08 0.1843
-6553.
0.1003E-04
2000 0.1062E-02 0.5311E-06 NODE
408815
0.0%
1090.
0.1251E+08 0.1843
-6553.
0.1003E-04

188000 0.9930E-01 0.5299E-06 NODE

408815 -20.4% 0.3228E+07 0.1512E+06 0.5180E+05 -0.8202E+07 0.1003E-04
188000 0.9930E-01 0.5299E-06 NODE
408815 -20.4% 0.3228E+07 0.1512E+06 0.5180E+05 -0.8202E+07 0.1003E-04
189000 0.9983E-01 0.5299E-06 NODE
408815 -20.4% 0.3227E+07 0.1503E+06 0.5239E+05 -0.8202E+07 0.1003E-04
189000 0.9983E-01 0.5299E-06 NODE
408815 -20.4% 0.3227E+07 0.1503E+06 0.5239E+05 -0.8202E+07 0.1003E-04
ANIMATION FILE: MODEL_01A021 WRITTEN
ANIMATION FILE: MODEL_01A021 WRITTEN

Cycle information

** CPU USER TIME **

** CPU USER TIME **
#PROC CONT.SORT CONT. F
ELEMENT KIN.COND. INTEGR.
I/O
TASK0
ASSEMB.
RESOL
#PROC CONT.SORT CONT. F
ELEMENT KIN.COND. INTEGR.
I/O
TASK0
ASSEMB.
RESOL
1
.2476E+04 .3988E+04 .1543E+05 .7279E+03 .1216E+04 .3486E+02 .1418E+04 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
1
.2476E+04 .3988E+04 .1543E+05 .7279E+03 .1216E+04 .3486E+02 .1418E+04 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
2
.1186E+04 .3797E+04 .1548E+05 .7263E+03 .1218E+04 .0000E+00 .0000E+00 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
2
.1186E+04 .3797E+04 .1548E+05 .7263E+03 .1218E+04 .0000E+00 .0000E+00 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
3
.1187E+04 .3694E+04 .1548E+05 .7309E+03 .1184E+04 .0000E+00 .0000E+00 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
3
.1187E+04 .3694E+04 .1548E+05 .7309E+03 .1184E+04 .0000E+00 .0000E+00 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
4
.1186E+04 .3829E+04 .1556E+05 .7312E+03 .1238E+04 .0000E+00 .0000E+00 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
4
.1186E+04 .3829E+04 .1556E+05 .7312E+03 .1238E+04 .0000E+00 .0000E+00 .4206E+04 .2865E+05
RESTART FILE: MODEL_01R01 WRITTEN
RESTART FILE: MODEL_01R01 WRITTEN
------------------------N O R M A L
N O R M A L

T E R M I N A T I O N
T E R M I N A T I O N

Calculation time

TOTAL NUMBER OF CYCLES : 189349

TOTAL NUMBER OF CYCLES : 189349

Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

27

Model results

Animation file :
With the animation files (<root_name>A001 to <root_name>A021) the motion and model deformations
are available.

Before crash

After crash
Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

28

Model results

Time history file :

With the time history files (<root_name>T01), 2D plots can be defined in order to check :

Global energies in the model

Mass and mass increase
Dummy parameters and criteria's : HIC, chest deflection, acceleration, upper leg forces,
Seat belt contact forces,

Global energy

Dummy acceleration
Copyright 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

29

Altair Engineering, Inc.

Innovation Intelligence

Contact : emestres@altair.com