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EC/APR 2008/ECW502
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of FIVE (5) questions. Answer ALL Questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
4.
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QUESTION 1 a) State the physical water quality parameters that are of concern to environmental engineers. (2 marks) The Environmental Quality Act (EQA) was introduced in 1974. Discuss TWO (2) major objectives of the Act. (8 marks) Table Q1 shows the composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). Tabulate the advantages and disadvantages of landfilling and incineration as methods of treatment/disposal of MSW Table Q1: Composition of municipal solid waste (%)
Metal 6.4 Glass/ ceramic 2.5 Food waste 64.0 Paper 11.7 Plastic/ rubber 7.0 Misc. Combustibles 7.8 Others 0.9
b)
c)
(10 marks) QUESTION 2 a) Describe how the Air Pollution Index (API) is calculated in Malaysia. (8 marks) b) Discuss THREE (3) major approaches that can be adopted to reduce the haze problems in South-east Asia. (12 marks)
QUESTION 3 a) With the aid of a flow chart, illustrate the major components/processes that can be found in a conventional activated sludge plant. (10 marks) The Monod Equation is given as follows;
b)
Ks + S
Where, growth rate maximum growth rate S Ks concentration of substrate half saturation constant
Using appropriate illustration, explain the significance of the Ks. What can be deduced when Ks increases. (10 marks)
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EC/APR 2008/ECW502
QUESTION 4
Table Q4 shows the results of a monitoring programme for a water distribution system. Table Q4: Results of water quality monitoring programme in a water distribution system
Water Testing Parameter Sampling Location 0. 5 km from Reservoir 0.75 km from Reservoir 1 km from Reservoir 2 km from Reservoir World Health Organisation Criteria Turbidity (NTU) Color (TCU) pH Hardness (ppm) 50 50 60 55 500
5 11 16 76 15
a)
Based on the results, what is your evaluation of the water coming into the reservoir? (4 marks) What are the possible causes of water quality deterioration in the distribution system? (6 marks) Recommend THREE (3) measures that can be taken to improve the situation. Explain how each of the recommendations can improve the situation. (10 marks)
b)
c)
QUESTION 5 a) Provide a brief explanation for the following concepts used in environmental management; i) ii) iii) iv) waste hierarchy renewable energy bio-remediation zero emission (20 marks)
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