Buku Panduan Siswazah FEP 20102011 e

Fakulti Ekonomi aan Perniagaan 127
POSTGRADUATE
Faculty of Economics ana Business
Acaaemic Session 2010-2011
128 Panauan Siswa:ah
MASTER IN ACCOUNTING PROGRAMME
The Master in Accounting (MAcc) is a coursework program with a dissertation. The
program oIIers students the opportunity to gain academic and research knowledge. The
mode oI study, which requires students to Iollow and pass the courses and academic
writing, refects the emphasis placed on strong theoretical Ioundations.
The School oI Accounting has expertise in the area oI corporate reporting, corporate
governance, auditing, accounting inIormation systems, taxation, public sector accounting,
management accounting and law.
The Aim of the Program
The aim oI the program is to produce graduates:
a. having advanced level skills related to theory, principles and practices oI
accounting.
b. having skills in accounting research.
c. able to acquire knowledge and skills on their own through selI learning, courses
and research.
d. having ethical and proIessional attitude in meeting the responsibilities to God and
the society.
Learning Outcomes
At the end oI this program, graduates should be able to:
a) demonstrate advanced knowledge and understanding beyond what is oIIered at the
undergraduate level and able to Iorm or utilize ideas in accounting research.
b) use knowledge and understanding to solve problems related to the feld oI
accounting in the context oI new situation and cross-disciplines.
c) integrate and synthesize knowledge through readings and critical literature
reviews.
d) identiIy issues and search Ior solutions through research based on limited
inIormation and in uncertain situations taking into consideration responsibilities
Ior social and ethical values.
e) clearly deliver conclusions, knowledge and rationality oI research fndings.
I) display the skills oI liIelong learning and selI learning.
Admission Requirements
Candidates who wish to be enrolled into the program oI MAcc must have:
1. Bachelor oI Accounting degree with high cumulative grade point average Irom
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any institution oI higher learning recognized
by the Senate
or
2. Bachelor degree specialization in Accounting or other equivalent qualifcation
recognized by the Senate
or
3. other Iully proIessional qualifcation equivalent to a Bachelor Degree recognised
by the Senate.
Period of Study
Full time period oI study is between two (2) to six (6) semesters. Part-time period oI
study is between Iour (4) to ten (10) semesters.
Program Structure
This program comprises oI course work and dissertation. In order to graduate, students
must pass at least 40 units oI courses listed below:
Coursework and Dissertation
Core Courses 12 units
Elective Courses 6 units
Dissertation 22 units
Total 40 units
List of Courses
a) Core Courses (12 units)
No. Course Code Course Title Units
1. EPPA6013 Research Methods 3
2. EPPA6113 History and Philosophy oI Accounting Theory 3
3. EPPA6123 Corporate Reporting 3
4. EPPA6213 Management Accounting and Control 3
Total 12
b) Elective Courses (6 units)
Course Code Course Title Units
1. EPPA6223 Strategic Management Accounting 3
2. EPPA6313 Seminar on Auditing 3
3. EPPA6513 Seminar on Taxation 3
4. EPPA6613 Seminar on Accounting InIormation System 3
5. EPPA6713 Seminar on Public Sector Accounting 3
6. EPPA6813 Corporate Governance 3
Elective courses can also be selected Irom any other courses at Masters level program
oIIered by the Faculty oI Economics and Business subject to the approval oI the Dean.
c) EPPA7000 Dissertation (22 units)
As a partial requirement Ior Master in Accounting, candidates are required to write
a dissertation not exceeding 30,000 words. The dissertation should be in the area oI
accounting.
ProposaI Defense
Candidates must pass the proposal deIense beIore their Supervisor as well as an
examiner appointed by the Dean oI the Faculty oI Economics and Business. ReIer to
the Dissertation Supervision and Examination Guidelines.
Dissertation Examination
Candidates must pass the dissertation examination. ReIer to the Dissertation Supervision
and Examination Guidelines.
A dissertation Ior the degree oI MAcc shall not exceed 30,000 words in length (excluding
Iootnotes, quotation, attachments, Iormulas, tables, illustrations and others).

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ACCOUNTING PROGRAMME
The Doctor oI Philosophy in Accounting is a Iull research program. However, the
Postgraduate Studies Committee may request students to take pre-requisite courses beIore
students proceed with their thesis writing. The Doctor oI Philosophy in Accounting oIIers
students the opportunity to gain wider academic and research knowledge in accounting
as well as carry out scientifc research. The award Ior the degree oI Doctor oI Philosophy
in Accounting takes into account the comprehensive and in-depth knowledge oI the
students and their ability to carry out independent research in their respective areas.
The School oI Accounting is able to oIIer supervision in the area oI corporate reporting,
corporate governance, auditing, accounting inIormation systems, public sector
accounting, management accounting and law.
The Aim of the Program
The aim oI the program is to:
a) produce graduates who are competent with a sound knowledge and skills in the
feld oI accounting.
b) produce graduates with proIessional attitude and ethical in meeting the
responsibilities to God and society.
c) develop competencies and research expertise among academicians in the feld oI
accounting including the main thrust oI Corporate Reporting and Governance.
Learning Outcomes
At the end oI this program, graduates should be able to:
a) show a systematic and deep understanding oI the accounting feld and have skills
and research methods related to research area.
b) produce, develop, implement and adopt most oI the research process wisely.
c) conduct and contribute original research which extend the boundaries oI knowledge
through thesis writing being presented and deIended based on international
standards, and writing in reIereed publication.
d) conduct a critical analysis, synthesised and evaluate new and complex ideas.
e) communicate with Iriends, peer community and public in the feld oI expertise,
and
I) promote accounting research fndings in the unique social context and managerial
culture to the knowledgeable community.
Candidates who wish to enroll in the program must have a:
1. Master in Accounting degree Irom Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any
institution oI higher learning recognized by the Senate.
or
2. Master`s Degree with specialization in accounting or other equivalent qualifcation
recognized by the Senate.
Period of Study
The Iull-time period oI study is between six (6) to twelve (12) semesters. The part-time
period oI study is between eight (8) to Iourteen (14) semesters.
Program Structure
To be awarded with a degree oI Doctor oI Philosophy in Accounting, students are required
to conduct a Iull research. However students have to take the Iollowing courseworks:
1. EPPA8013 Research Methods
2. EPPA8023 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
3. EPPA8033 Research in Accounting*
*Students may choose one oI the Iollowing concentration area:
i. Corporate Reporting
ii. Management Accounting
iii. Auditing
iv. Accounting InIormation Systems
v. Public Sector Accounting
vi. Corporate Governance
Course evaluation is based on either grade L (pass) or grade K (Iail) results. Students
must pass their coursework beIore being allowed to present research proposal. Students
are confrmed as Doctor oI Philosophy in Accounting candidates at the end oI the frst
year, on satisIactory completion oI the above coursework and successIul presentation
and Iormal deIense oI thesis proposal.
ProposaI Defense
Candidates must pass the proposal deIense beIore the Post-Graduate Committee and an
examiner appointed by the Dean oI the Faculty oI Economics and Business. ReIer to
Thesis Supervision and Examination Guidelines.
Thesis
A Doctor oI Philosophy in Accounting thesis shall be prepared based on approved
accounting areas. Thesis Ior the Doctor oI Philosophy in Accounting degree shall not
exceed 100,000 words in length (excluding Iootnotes, quotation, attachments, Iormulas,
tables, illustrations and others).
Thesis Examination
Candidates must pass the thesis examination. ReIer to Thesis Supervision and
Examination Guidelines.
Course Synopsis
EPPA6013 Research Methods
The aim oI this course is to guide students on the process oI conducting academic
research. Students are exposed to the philosophy oI research, especially accounting
research. Explanation will cover various research designs and research methods as well
as description on several methods oI data analysis. At the end oI this course, students
should be able to understand the role oI theory and conceptual Iramework in research
and to choose suitable research design and methodology Ior academic research.
Basic Readings
Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing grounded theory. London: Sage Publications.
Hair, J.F., Tatham, R.L., Anderson, R.E., & Black, W. 2007. Multivariate data analysis.
USA: Prentice Hall.
Punch, K.F. 2006. Developing eIIective research proposals. London: Sage
Publications.
Smith, M. 2003. Research methods in accounting. London: Sage Publications.
Yin, R.K. 1994. Case study research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
EPPA6113 History and Philosophy oI Accounting Theory
The aim oI this course is to instill an understanding on the basic structure oI theory and
its philosophy in accounting. The discussion Iocuses on the development oI accounting
theory based on the philosophy oI knowledge which includes the traditional, positivist,
Iunctional and behavioral approaches. Students will get the opportunity to learn more in-
depth on accounting theory and its application in studies oI selected accounting issues.
AIter completing this course, students should be able to discuss the approaches used
in the development oI accounting theories based on the philosophy oI knowledge and
evaluate research on selected accounting issues.
Basic Readings
GodIrey, J.M., Hodgson, A., Holmes, S. & Tarca, A. 2006. Accounting theory. 6
th
Edition.
Melbourne: John Wiley & Sons.
Riahi-Belkaoui, A. 2007. Accounting theory, 5
th
Edition. London: Thomson Learning.
Schroeder, R.G., Clark, M.W. & Cathey, J.M. 2009. Financial accounting theory &
analysis : text and cases. 9
th
Edition. USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Susela Devi, Hooper, K. & Davey, H. 2006. Accounting theory and practice: a Malaysian
perspective. Malaysia: Prentice Hall Pearson Education.
Wolk, H.I., Dood, J.L. & Tearney, M.G. 2004. Accounting theory: conceptual issues in a
political and economic environment. 6
th
Edition. USA: Thomson South-Western.
EPPA6123 Corporate Reporting
The aim oI this course is to discuss issues related to income determination and asset
valuation in the context oI corporate reporting. Discussion covers issues and research
on reporting practices, the role oI accounting inIormation, accounting inIormation and
frm value, management incentives and its eIIect on the selection oI accounting method
and the impact oI legal requirements and environment on reporting practices. AIter
completing this course, students should be able to critically evaluate empirical research
in corporate reporting and develop a research proposal on corporate reporting issues.
Basic Readings
Beaver, W.H. 1998. Financial reporting: an accounting revolution. USA: Prentice-Hall.
Francis, J., Olsson, P. & Schipper, K. 2006. Earnings quality. USA: Now Publishers
Inc.
Revsine, L., Collins, D.W. & Johnson, W.B. 2004. Financial reporting and analysis.
USA: Prentice-Hall.
th
Susela Devi, Hooper, K. & Davey, H. 2006 Accounting theory and practice: a Malaysian
EPPA6213 Management Accounting and Control
The purpose oI this course is to discuss current developments on the theory and practices
oI management accounting and control systems (MACS) based on prior studies and
writings Irom authors in the area. Discussion will cover issues on management control
viewed Irom a broader perspective, based on control objects, i.e. output, action and
personnel/cultural controls and control mechanisms such as budgetary controls and
perIormance measurement systems. AIter completing this course, students should be
able to discuss and understand the role oI MACS Irom the theoretical and practical
aspects towards enhancing organisational value.
Basic Readings
Anthony, R.N. & Govindarajan, V. 2009. Management control system. USA: Irwin/
McGraw Hill.
Chenhall, R.H. 2003. Management control systems design within its organizational
context: fndings Irom contingency-based research and directions Ior the Iuture.
Accounting, Organisations and Society 28(2/3): 127-168.
Emmanuel, C., Otley, D. & Merchant, K. 1990. Accounting Ior management control.
USA: Chapman and Hall.
Hansen, D.R. & Mowen, M.M.C. 2006. Cost management accounting and control. 5
th

Edition. USA: Thomson Learning.
Merchant, K. & Van der Stede, W. 2003. Management Control System - PerIormance
Measurement, evaluation and incentives. USA: Prentice Hall.
EPPA6223 Strategic Management Accounting
The purpose oI this course is to discuss the research development and practices oI
strategic management accounting (SMA) according to prior studies and articles written
in the area. Discussion will cover issues on the evolution oI SMA and the adoption oI
SMA techniques. AIter completing this course, students should be able to understand
the development oI SMA and rationale on the use oI SMA techniques in achieving
organisational strategies.
Basic Readings
Bowhill, B. 2008. Business planning and control integrating accounting, strategy and
people. England: John Wiley & Sons.
Bromwich, M. 1990. The case Ior strategic management accounting: the role oI accounting
inIormation Ior strategy in competitive markets. Accounting, Organization and
Society 15: 27-46.
Guilding, C., Cravens, K. & Tayles, M. 2000. An international comparison oI strategic
management accounting practices. Management Accounting Research 11: 113-
135.
Hilton, R.W. 2005. Managerial accounting: creating value in dynamic business
environment. 6
th
Edition. USA: McGraw Hill.
Simons, R. 2000. PerIormance measurement and control systems Ior implementing
strategy: text and cases. Boston: Harvard Business School.
EPPA6313 Seminar on Auditing
The purpose oI this course is to discuss key issues related to research in auditing.
Emphasis will be given to the changes that occur in the proIession and the Iactors that
cause these changes. Discussion will cover research issues regarding the role oI auditors
in society and the level oI commitment and responsibility oI the audit proIession. At
the end oI this course, students should be able to understand the importance on the role
and responsibilities oI the audit proIession and to prepare a strong research proposal on
auditing issues.
Basic Readings
Arens, A.A. et al. 2006. Auditing and assurance services in Malaysia: an integrated
approach. 11
th
Edition. Malaysia: Prentice Hall.
Dunn, J. 2006. Auditing theory and practice. 2
nd
Edition. USA: Prentice Hall.
Flint, D. 1988. Philosophy and principles oI auditing. Part 1.1 Audit the social concept.
USA: McMilan Education Ltd.
Messier, W.F. & Boh, M. 2004. Auditing and assurance services in Malaysia. 3
rd
Edition.
Malaysia: McGraw Hill.
EPPA6513 Seminar on Taxation
The purpose oI this course is to discuss current and latest issues on the theory, law
and tax practices, particularly in Malaysia, apart Irom looking into alternative methods
oI taxation. Discussion will cover current issues on taxation and latest situation about
the taxation system in Malaysia. AIter completing this course, students should be able
to discuss critically and comprehensively about the taxation system especially on the
issues oI tax planning.
Basic Readings
Malaysian Master Tax Guide. 2010. CCH Asia Limited.
Musgrave, R.A. & Musgrave, P.B. 2002. Public fnance in theory & practice. USA:
McGraw Hills.
Tahir, H.M. 1986. Pengenalan tamaddun islam dalam institusi kewangan. (Introduction
to Islamic civilization in fnancial institution). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan
Pustaka.
Related Acts.
Selected cases in revenue law.
EPPA6613 Seminar on Accounting InIormation System
The purpose oI this course is to discuss theories, methodology and issues in accounting
inIormation system research. Discussion will cover aspects on Iraud and control,
system development, project management, e-business/e-procurement, latest technology,
knowledge management and decision making by emphasizing on the importance oI
skills and ethical values needed in these area. AIter completing this course, students
should be able to discuss the role and responsibilities oI accountants in the development
oI accounting inIormation system, identiIy relevant issues and theory, and eventually
prepare research proposal in the area oI accounting inIormation system.
Basic Readings
BagranoII, N.A., Simkin, M.G. & Strand, C.N. 2010. Accounting inIormation systems.
10
th
Considine, B., Razeed, A., Lee, M.T., Speer, D.M. & Collier, P.A. 2010. Accounting
inIormation systems. 2
nd
Edition. Melbourne: John Wiley & Sons.
Hall, J.A. 2007. Accounting inIormation systems. 5
th
Edition. USA: Thomson South
Western,
Romney, M.B. & Steinbart, P.J. 2009. Accounting inIormation systems. 11
th
Edition.
USA: Prentice Hall.
Turner, L.D. & Weickgenannt, A.B. 2010. Accounting inIormation systems. USA: John
Wiley & Sons.
EPPA6713 Seminar on Public Sector Accounting
The purpose oI this course is to discuss the development oI public sector accounting as
a discipline oI accounting. Discussion covers main issues and studies related to public
sector accounting and aims to deepen knowledge in public sector accounting. AIter
completing this course, students should be able to apply knowledge in public sector
accounting in developing a research proposal related to the feld.
Basic Readings
Bertok, J. 2002. Public sector transparency and accountability: making it happen. OECD
Publishing.
Flynn, N. 2007. Public sector management. London: Sage Publications.
Funnell, W. & Cooper, K. 1998. Public sector accounting and accountability in Australia.
Sydney: UNSW Press.
Kearns, K.P. 2003. Accountability in a seamless economics in Peters, G. & Pierre, J.
(eds) Handbook oI public administration: 581-589. London: Sage Publications.
Pollitts, C. & Bouckaert, G. 2000. Public management reIorm. OxIord: OxIord University
Press.
EPPA6813 Corporate Governance
The purpose oI this course is to emphasis research on diIIerent aspects oI corporate
governance in addressing various corporate governance issues that are oI interests to
the business community, the accounting proIession, and the public at large. It involves
discussions on the theoretical and legal understanding oI accountability and corporate
governance. This course Iocuses on the Iramework oI corporate governance, legal
requirements, the role, responsibilities and ethical conducts oI directors, audit committees,
internal auditors, and external auditors in corporate governance. AIter completing this
course, students should be able to analyse current research issues and determine the
appropriate methodology Ior corporate governance as well as to relate research fndings
to practical and policy implications.
Basic Readings
Abdul Rahman, Rashidah. 2006. EIIective corporate governance. UiTM: University
Publication Center.
Malaysian Code oI Corporate Governance. 2007. Ministry oI Finance, Malaysia.
Malaysian Institute oI Integrity. 2006. Good governance Ior development. Kuala
Lumpur: IIM.
Mallin, C.A. 2004. Corporate governance. OxIord: OxIord University Press.
Wearing, R. 2005. Cases in corporate governance. London: Sage Publications.
EPPA8013 Advanced Research Methods
The aim oI this course is to instill understanding in students on the process oI conducting
academic research at the level oI doctor oI philosophy. Students will be exposed to
the philosophy oI research in accounting and other relevant areas. Discussion will
cover various research designs and research methods suitable Ior doctor oI philosophy
research. AIter completing this course, students should be able to identiIy and discuss
suitable research designs and methods Ior the purpose oI conducting research.
Basic Readings
Bryman, A. & Bell, E. 2007. Business research method. OxIord: OxIord University
Press.
Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., Anderson, R. E. & Black, W. 2007. Multivariate data analysis.
USA: Prentice Hall.
Punch, K. F. 2006. Developing eIIective research proposals. London: Sage
Publications.
Sekaran, U. 2002. Research methods Ior business: a skill building approach. USA: John
Wiley & Sons.
EPPA8023 Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
The aim oI this course is to expose students to two Iorms oI analysis. namely quantitative
analysis which is based on objective measurement and the qualitative analysis which
is based on subjective assessment oI attitudes, opinions and behavior. Discussions on
the quantitative analysis approach include estimation method and multivariate analysis.
Discussion on the qualitative analysis approach include technical data collection through
Iocus groups, observation techniques and intensive interview technique. Students are also
exposed to case studies methods oI analysis and grounded theory which are commonly
used in qualitative research in accounting. AIter completing this course, students should
be able to combine the two analyses to gain better research outcomes.
Basic Readings
Charmaz, K. 2006. Constructing grounded theory. London: Sage Publications.
Hair, J. F., Tatham, R. L., Anderson, R. E. & Black, W. 2007. Multivariate data analysis.
USA: Prentice Hall.
Robson, C. 2002. Real world research. 2
nd
Edition. OxIord: Blackworld Publishing.
Yin, R.K. 1994. Case study research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
EPPA8033 Research in Accounting*
The aim oI this course is to discuss accounting research development in several sub-
areas including management accounting, taxation, auditing, public sector accounting,
accounting inIormation system, and corporate reporting. Literature reviews are done on
selected topics in the respective research area so that students will be able to assess and
explain issues related to research methods in the various sub-feld oI accounting. This
course will also take into account studies that Iocus on selected accounting practices
oI a specifc feld oI accounting. AIter attending this course, students should be able to
understand the scope on reviews oI past research, theory, research methods and practices
in related sub-feld oI accounting.
Students are required to select one research area according to their area oI specialization
as Iollows:
1. Research in Corporate Reporting
The aim oI this course is to critically discussed research in corporate reporting. Literature
reviews is done on selected topics to evaluate and explain issues on various research
methods in corporate reporting. Discussion includes studies on reporting practices, the
role oI inIormation, accounting inIormation and frm value, management incentives and
its eIIect on choices oI accounting methods as well as regulation and environmental
eIIect on reporting practices. At the end oI this course, students should be able to
understand the scope oI literature review, theory, research methods and practices in
corporate reporting.
Basic Readings
Beaver, W.H. 1998. Financial reporting: an accounting revolution. USA: Prentice-Hall.
Francis, J., Olsson, P. & Schipper, K. 2006. Earnings quality. USA: Now Publishers
Inc.
Riahi-Belkaoui, A. 2007. Accounting theory. 5
th
Edition. London: Thomson Learning.
th
Susela Devi, Hooper, K. & Davey, H. 2006 Accounting theory and practice: a Malaysian
2. Research in Management Accounting
The purpose oI this course is to discuss the development oI management accounting as
a discipline oI accounting and management practices. Discussion includes analyses on
selected previous studies Ior the purpose oI assessing and explaining the issues regarding
the various methods oI research in the feld oI management accounting. This course will
consider selected studies that Iocus on specifc management accounting practices. At the
end oI this course, students should be able to understand the scope oI literature review,
theory, research methods and practices in management accounting.
Basic Readings
Anthony, R.N. & Govindarajan, V. 2009. Management control system. USA: Irwin/
McGraw Hill.
Chapman, C.S., Hopwood, A.G. & Shields M.D. (eds). 2006. Handbooks oI Management
Accounting Research 1. UK: Elsevier Science & Technology.
Emmanuel, C., Otley, D. & Merchant, K. 1990. Accounting Ior Management Control.
USA: Chapman and Hall.
Merchant, K. & Van der Stede, W. 2003. Management Control Systems - PerIormance
measurement, evaluation and incentives. USA: Prentice -Hall.
Otley, D. 1994. Management control in contemporary organizations: towards a wider
Iramework. Management Accounting Research 5: 289-299.
3. Research in Auditing

The aim oI this course is to expose students to theoretical basis and method oI research
in the area oI auditing. Discussion emphasis is towards providing understanding on
the scope oI prior literature reviews, theory, research methods and practices in the
area oI auditing. AIter completing this course, students should be able to extend their
understanding on auditing into their research.
Basic Readings
Arens, A.A. et al. 2006. Auditing and assurance services in Malaysia: an integrated
approach. 11
th
Edition. Malaysia: Prentice Hall.
Dunn, J. 2006. Auditing theory and practice. 2
nd
Edition. USA: Prentice Hall.
Messier, W.F. & Boh, M. 2004. Auditing and assurance services in Malaysia. 3
rd
Edition.
Malaysia: McGraw Hill.
4. Research in Accounting InIormation System
The aim oI this course is to discuss the development oI accounting inIormation systems
as a discipline oI accounting and management practices. Literature reviews on selected
previous studies are undertaken Ior the purpose oI assessing and explaining research
issues in the feld oI Accounting InIormation Systems. This course will also consider
selected studies that Iocused on specifc accounting inIormation system practices.
AIter attending this course, students should be able to understand the scope oI previous
research, theory, research methods and practices oI accounting inIormation system.
Basic Readings
BagranoII, N.A., Simkin, M.G. & Strand, C.N. 2010. Accounting inIormation systems.
10
th
Considine, B., Razeed, A., Lee, M.T., Speer, D.M. & Collier, P.A. 2010. Accounting
inIormation systems. 2
nd
Edition. Melbourne: John Wiley & Sons.
Hall, J.A. 2007. Accounting inIormation systems. 5
th
Edition. USA: Thomson South
Western,
Romney, M.B. & Steinbart, P.J. 2009. Accounting inIormation systems. 11
th
Edition.
USA: Prentice Hall.
Turner, L.D. & Weickgenannt, A.B. 2010. Accounting inIormation systems. USA: John
Wiley & Sons.
5. Research in Public Sector Accounting
The purpose oI this course is to expose students to theoretical Iramework and research
methodology in public sector accounting. Discussion covers issues, theories, research
methodology and practices in public sector accounting. AIter completing this course,
students should be able to carry out research on issues related to public sector
accounting.
Basic Readings
Bertok, J. 2002. Public sector transparency and accountability: making it happen. OECD
Publishing.
Flynn, N. 2007. Public sector management. London: Sage Publications.
Haque, Z. (ed). 2006. Methodological issues in accounting research: theories and
methods. London: Spiramus Press Ltd.
Pallot. J. 1992. Elements oI a theoretical Iramework Ior public sector accounting.
accounting, auditing and accountability Journal, 5(1), 38-59.
Pollitts, C. & Bouckaert, G. 2000. Public management reIorm. OxIord: OxIord University
Press.
Postgraduate DipIoma in Economics Programme
The objective oI this programme is to oIIer opportunities to graduates oI the Bachelor
oI Economics and related programmes who do not possess suIfcient prerequisites to
pursue the Master in Economics to gain greater knowledge in the feld oI economics.
The programme oI study which is by coursework enables students to learn economics
more comprehensively. This programme also aims to produce graduates who can
think maturely and have the capacity to apply economic theories to address current
problems.
Candidates who possess the Iollowing qualifcations are eligible to apply Ior this
programme:
1. Bachelor oI Economics Irom Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other institutions
oI higher learning recognized by the Senate;
or
2. Other qualifcations equivalent to the Bachelor oI Economics Irom Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia or other institutions oI higher learning recognized by the
Senate.
Period of Study
The period oI Iull-time study is two (2) to Iour (4) semesters, while part-time study is
three (3) to fve (5) semesters.
Programme Structure
This programme is by coursework only. To be eligible Ior the Post-Graduate Diploma in
Economics, a student must have Iollowed and passed 30 units oI coursework comprising
the Iollowing courses:
Core courses 12 units
Elective courses 20 units
Total 32 units
Students who possess qualifcations other than a Bachelor oI Economics degree may be
required to Iollow and pass all or part oI the courses in Microeconomics, Macroeconomics,
Statistics and Mathematics at the undergraduate level.
EvaIuation
The grades and grade points Ior coursework are as Iollows:
Grade Grade Point Status
A 4.00 Pass with distinction
A- 3.67 Pass with distinction
B 3.33 Pass with credit
B- 2.67 Pass
C 2.33 Pass
C 2.00 Pass
E 0.00 Fail
L Pass (For courses without grade)
K Fail (For courses without grade)
TL Incomplete
AU Audit
TD Withdrawal
SM In progress
TP DeIerred Exam
Terms for Repeating Coursework
Candidates are allowed to repeat any course in order to improve the grade. For repeat
courses, the fnal grade Ior that course shall be considered in the calculation oI the
overall grade point Ior the programme.
Status of Academic Achievement and Terms for Continuing Study
The academic status oI candidates is determined based on the CGPA Ior any period oI
study and is as Iollows:
Cumulative Grade
Point Average
Status of
Achievement
Eligibility to
Continue Study
Eligibility to be
Conferred Degree
CGPA _2.33 Pass Eligible Eligible
1.00CGPA 2.33 Conditional Pass Probation Not eligible
CGPA 1.00 Fail Not eligible Not eligible
Candidates must obtain a CGPA oI at least 2.33 every semester. Candidates who obtain
a CGPA oI 1.00 or more but less than 2.33 will be put on probation Ior the Iollowing
semester to enable them to improve their academic perIormance to at least 2.33 at the
end oI the said semester. Candidates who Iail to improve the CGPA to at least 2.33 in the
Iollowing semester will be terminated. Candidates will not be given a probationary status
Ior more than two consecutive semesters throughout their period oI study. Candidates
with CGPA less than 1.00 will be terminated.
Conversion of Programme from Postgraduate DipIoma in Economics to Master in
Economics
Candidates pursuing the Postgraduate Diploma in Economics may be considered by the
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee Ior converting their status to Master in Economics
iI they obtain a minimum CGPA oI 3.00 and obtain grade B or better Ior Microeconomics
(EPPE6014), Macroeconomics (EPPE6024) and Econometric Methods (EPPE6034).
Candidates who are allowed to convert their status oI study Irom Postgraduate Diploma in
Economics to Master in Economics may transIer all credits taken under the Postgraduate
Diploma with the recommendation oI the Faculty Graduate Studies Committee. The
transIer oI credits comprises transIer oI both units and grades.
List of Courses
Core Courses
EEEX6014/EPPE6014 Microeconomics
EEEX6024/EPPE6024 Macroeconomics
EEEX6034/EPPE6034 Econometric Methods
EIective Courses
Candidates are required to select any fve (5) courses.
Monetary Economics
EEEX6114/EPPE6114 PortIolio Analysis
EEEX6124/EPPE6124 Monetary Economics
EEEX6164/EPPE6164 International Finance
IndustriaI Economics
EEEX6134/EPPE6134 Advanced lndustrial Organisation
EEEX6264/EPPE6264 Advanced Labour Economics
EEEX6174/EPPE6174 International Trade and Industry
PubIic Economics
EEEX6144/EPPE6144 Public Finance
EEEX6154/EPPE6154 Economics oI Social Policy
EEEX6184/EPPE6184 Political Economy oI International Trade
InternationaI Economics
DeveIopment Economics
EEEX6214/EPPE6214 Advanced Economic Planning
EEEX6224/EPPE6224 Development Theory and Policy
EEEX6234/EPPE6234 Trade and Development
Human Resource Economics
EEEX6244/EPPE6244 Human Resource Development Planning
EEEX6254/EPPE6254 Human Resource Management
AgricuIturaI and AppIied Economics
EEEX6314/EPPE6314 Applied Resource Policy and Project Analysis
EEEX6304/EPPE6304 Advanced Agricultural Economics
EEEX6324/EPPE6324 Policy Analysis and Agriculture Programme
EnvironmentaI and Resource Economics
EEEX6334/EPPE6334 Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
EEEX6344/EPPE6344 Dynamic Optimisation and Decision Theory
Econometrics
EEEX6414/EPPE6414 Advanced Econometrics
EEEX6424/EPPE6424 Time Series Econometrics
EEEX6434/EPPE6434 Applied Econometrics
IsIamic Economics
EEEX6514/EPPE6514 Fiqh Ior Economics
EEEX6524/EPPE6524 Islamic Money Market and Capital
EEEX6534/EPPE6534 Advanced Islamic Economic Analysis

Master in Economics Programme
The objective oI this programme is to equip students with advanced economics
knowledge. The mode oI study, which requires students to Iollow and pass the courses
and academic writing, refects the emphasis placed on strong theoretical Ioundations.
This programme produces graduates who are competent in economic theories, empirical
applications and conducting research. In addition, this programme aims to mould
graduates into academics, researchers and policy makers.
Period of Study
The period oI Iull-time study is two (2) to Iour (4) semesters, while part-time study is
Iour (4) to ten (10) semesters.
Coursework and Academic Paper
Compulsory module courses 12 units
Elective courses 8 units
Academic paper 8 units
Total 40 units
Thesis
Students must complete a thesis oI 40 units.
EvaIuation
The grades and grade points Ior coursework are as Iollows:
B- 2.67 Pass
C 2.33 Pass
C 2.00 Pass
C- 1.67 Fail
D 1.00 Fail
E 0.00 Fail
L Pass (For courses without grade)
K Fail (For courses without grade)
TL Incomplete
AU Audit
TD Withdrawal
SM In progress
TP DeIerred Exam
Conversion of Status from Master to Doctor of PhiIosophy
Candidates pursuing the Master oI Economics programme may be given consideration
to convert their status oI study to Doctor oI Philosophy iI they are supported by the
supervisor/Post-Graduate Committee and recommended by the Graduate Studies
Committee.
Candidates who are allowed to convert their status oI study to Doctor oI Philosophy may
transIer all units obtained under the Master in Economics course. The transIer oI credits
comprises transIer oI both units and grades.
The period oI study oI candidates Ior Master in Economics whose conversion oI status to
Doctor oI Philosophy in Economics has been approved will be taken into consideration
in the calculation oI period oI study Ior the doctoral programme.
List of Courses
Core Courses
EIective Courses
Candidates are required to select any fve (5) courses.
Monetary Economics
PubIic Economics
Econometrics
IsIamic Economics
EIective Courses
Courses listed in module except compulsory courses in module.
Thesis/Academic Paper
EPPE6908 Academic Paper
EPPE6940 Thesis
Thesis ProposaI Defence
Candidates pursuing the programme by thesis must pass the thesis proposal deIence
beIore the Post-Graduate Committee as well as an examiner appointed by the Dean
oI the Faculty oI Economics and Business. Candidates Iollowing the programme by
coursework and dissertation are required to deIend their dissertation proposal beIore
the Post-Graduate Committee (please reIer to Thesis/Dissertation/Academic Paper
Supervision and Examination Guidelines).
Thesis/Academic Paper Examination
Candidates must pass the thesis/dissertation/academic paper examination (please reIer
to Thesis/Dissertation/Academic Paper Supervision and Examination Guidelines).
Length of Thesis/Academic Paper
A master`s thesis should not exceed 60,000 words and academic paper not more than
20,000 words (not including Iootnotes, abstract, appendices, Iormulae, tables, diagrams,
etc).

Doctor of PhiIosophy in Econmics Programme
The objective oI this programme is to guide students to become high calibre economists
so that they can generate and disseminate knowledge in the feld oI economics. The
courses taught and the preparation oI the thesis or dissertation will enable students to
acquire greater knowledge oI economics and carry out scientifc research. The award oI
the degree oI Doctor oI Philosophy takes into account the comprehensive and in-depth
knowledge oI the students and their ability to carry out independent research in their
respective areas.
Programme Structure
This programme comprises the Iollowing two modes oI study:
Coursework and dissertation
Thesis
To be eligible to be conIerred the degree oI Doctor oI Philosophy, students must have
Iollowed and passed 60 units oI coursework comprising the Iollowing courses:
Coursework and Dissertation
Compulsory module courses 12 units
Dissertation
Thesis
Students must complete a thesis.
List of Courses
Core Courses
EEEX6044/EPPE7044 Macroeconomic Theory and Policy
EEEX6054/EPPE7054 Advanced Microeconomics
CompuIsory ModuIe Courses
Students may select one out oI ten (10) modules as listed below:
Monetary Economics
PubIic Economics
Econometrics
IsIamic Economics
Comprehensive Examination
The comprehensive examination Ior students taking the PhD in Economics programme
encompasses:
a. Two qualiIying examinations in the feld oI economic theories, i.e.
Microeconomics and Macroeconomics; and
b. Examination on area oI specialisation.
Candidates who pass the comprehensive examination will be awarded the doctoral status
(please reIer to the Comprehensive Examination Guidelines).
Thesis/Dissertation ProposaI Defense
Candidates must pass the thesis proposal deIense beIore the Post-Graduate Committee
as well as an examiner appointed by the Dean oI the Faculty oI Economics and Business.
Candidates Iollowing the programme by thesis who successIully deIends their thesis
will be awarded the doctoral status.
Thesis/Dissertation Examination
Candidates must pass the thesis/dissertation examination (please reIer to Thesis/
Dissertation/Academic Paper Supervision and Examination Guidelines).
Length of Thesis/Dissertation
A doctoral thesis should not exceed 100,000 words and a dissertation not more than
60,000 words (not including Iootnotes, abstract, appendices, Iormulae, tables, diagrams,
etc.).
COURSE SYNOPSIS
The objective oI the course is to provide deeper understanding in microeconomics
theory. Topics discussed are Consumer Theory, Theory oI the Firm, Competitive Market,
Monopoly and Oligopoly, Externalities and General Equilibrium. AIter completing
this course student should be able to related the topics studied to undestand economic
problems.
Basic Readings
Brian R. Binger and Elizabeth HoIIman. 1998. Microeconomic with calculus. 2
nd
Edition.
Addison Wesley
GeoIIrey A. Jehle. 2000. Aavancea microeconomic theory. 2
nd
Edition. Addison Wesley
Hal R. Varian. 1992. Microeconomic analysis. 3
rd
Edition. W.W. Norton and Co.
Micheal E. Wetzstein. 2005. Microeconomic theory. concepts ana connections. Thomson
South-Western, International Student Edition
Nicholson. 2004. Microeconomic theory. 9
th
Edition. Thomson South-Western,
International Student Edition
The course discusses the macroeconomic management issues Iaced and stabilisation
policies adopted by developing nations, in particular Malaysia. Important topics covered
include the static equilibrium model in determining national income. Under this topic,
discussion is Iocused on demand-based equilibrium, supply-based equilibrium, fscal
policies, fnancial policies and income policies, search models, wage rigidity and
unemployment as well as rational expectations and demand policy. In addition, the
course discusses sectoral demand Iunctions covering consumption theory, investment
demand, monetary demand and supply, and Ioreign sector and balance oI payments.
Basic Readings
Branson, H, William.1989. Macroeconomics theory ana policy. Cambridge: Harper and
Row.
Carlin, Wendy & Soskice, David. 1990. Macroeconomics ana wage bargain. OxIord:
OxIord University Press.
Cook, P & Kirkpatrick, C.1990. Macroeconomics for aeveloping countries. London:
Havester WheatsheaI.
Heijdra, Ben J & Frederick Van Der Plog. 2002. The founaation of moaern
macroeconomics. New York: OxIord University Press.
Snowdown, B, Vane, H & Wynarczyk, P. 1994. A Moaern guiae to macroeconomics. an
introauction to competing school of thought. Cheltenham : Edward Elgar.
The objective oI this course is to provide understanding to the students the basic
regression models. Topics discussed include the classical multiple regression model:
estimation, analysis oI variance and hypotheses testing. Model with problems oI
multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and serial correlation. Identifcation methods and
corrective techniques. Regression model with dummy variables. Specifcation problems
and criteria Ior model selection. AIter completing this course student should be able to
build the economics model used in research.
Basic Readings
Ben Vogelvang. 2005. Econometrics, theory ana applications with eviews. New York:
Engle Wood CliIIs Prentice Hall.
Gujarati, D.N. & Porter, D.C. 2009. Basic econometrics. 5
th
Edition. New York:
McGraw-Hill International.
Pindyck, R. & RubinIeld. 1998. Econometric moaels ana economic forecasts. 4
th
Edition.
New York: McGraw-Hill International Edition.
Stewart, K.G. 2005. Introauction to appliea econometrics. Belmont: Thomson-Brooks/
Cole.
Wooldridge, J.M. 2009. Introauctory econometrics. a moaern approach. 4
th
Edition.
Cincinati: South-Western.
EEEX6044/EPPE7044 Macroeconomic Theory and Policy
This course Iocuses on dynamic optimization and general equilibrium models. It
includes consumption and investment theories, overlapping generation models, price
determination oI assets, monetary macroeconomics, particularly with regard to infation,
rational expectation, real business cycle, fscal and monetary policies. The course Iurther
looks at various economic growth theories, especially endogenous growth theory,
including Solow and Cass-Ramsey.
Basic Readings
Barro, Robert and Xavier Sala-I-Martin. 1999. Economic growth. Massachussetts: MIT
Press.
Blanchard, Oliver and Stanley Fischer. 1989. Lectures on macroeconomics.
Massachussetts: MIT Press.
Farmer, Roger. 1999. The macroeconomics of self-fulhlling prophecies. 2
nd
Edition.
Massachussetts: MIT Press.
Ljungqvist, Lars. 2000. Recursive macroeconomic theory. Massachussetts: MIT Press.
Romer, David. 2001. Aavancea macroeconomics. 2
nd
Edition. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
EEEX6054/EPPE7054 Advanced Microeconomics
This course is an extension to the EX6014 course. Students are exposed to advanced
topics in microeconomic theories including choices during uncertainty, game theory,
asset market, inter-temporal choice and asymmetrical inIormation.
Basic Readings
Binger, Brian R & HoIIman, E. 1988. Microeconomics with calculus. Illinois: Scott,
Foresman and Company.
Tirole, J. 1989. The theory of inaustrial organisation. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Varian, Hal R. 1996. Microeconomic analysis. 3
rd
Edition. New York: WW Norton &
Company.
Varian, Hal R. 1998. Intermeaiate microeconomics. 4
th
Edition. New York: WW
Norton & Company.
EEEX6114/EPPE6114 Portfolio Analysis
This courses Iocuses on topics such as option theory and Iuture market; application
oI options theory and Iutures market in: currency exchange, equities and bonds, and
bank deposit insurance; bank behavior model; risks and volatility oI asset price; treasury
activities and bank environmental procedures.
Basic readings
Haley, C & Schall, L. 1990. The Theory ana Financial Decisions. New York: McGraw-
Hill.
Eiahbergen, J. and Harper, J. R. 1997. Financial Economics. OxIord: OxIord University
Press Watsham.
Elton, E. J., Gruber, M. J., Brown S. J. & Goetzmann W. N. 2007. Moaern Portfolio
Theory ana Investment Analysis. 7
th
Edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons
Kolb, Robert W. 1997. Future Options ana Swaps. 2
nd
Edition OxIord: Blackwell
Publisher Ltd.
Terry J. 1992. Option ana futures in international portfolio management. London,
Chapman and Hall
This course aims to discuss the role oI money and monetary policy in the economy.
Topics covered include nature and Iunction oI money; demand and supply oI money;
monetary theories: the classical and neo-classical, Keynesian and Neo-Keynesian,
model with expectation, theories on infation and interest rate. Implementation oI
monetary policy and its related issues are also discussed. AIter completing the course
student should be able to comprehend, analyze and synthesize issues related to money
and monetary policy.
Basic Readings
Bain, K. & Sanchez-Iung, J. 2009. Monetary economics. policy ana its theoretical
basis. 2
nd
Edition. Hants : Palgrave Macmillan.
Handa, J. 2000. Monetary economics. London: Rout ledge.
Lewis, M.K. & Mizen, P.D. 2000. Monetary Economics. OxIord: University Press.
Mishkin, F.S. 2006. The economics of money, banking ana hnancial market. 7
th
Edition.
Boston: Pearson/Addison Wesley.
Smithin, J. 2003. Controversies in monetary economics. Revised Edition. Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar.
EEEX6134/EPPE6134 Advanced Industrial Organisation
This course provides in-depth knowledge oI frm behaviour theories in various competitive
situations. Topics such as multi-market price discrimination, vertical management, inter-
brand competition and competitive strategy are also discussed. Strategic interaction and
dynamic competition are highlighted by using game theory as the analytical tool. A
study on Structure-Conduct-PerIormance paradigm completes this course.
Basic Readings
Tirole, J. 1999. The theory of inaustrial organi:ation, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Myerson, R. 1997. Game theory. analysis of conict. Harvard University Press.
Pepall, L., Richard, D. and Norman,G. 2005. Inaustrial organi:ation contemporary
theory ana practice with economic applications. South Western-Thomson.
Sutton, J. 1998. Technology ana market structure. MIT Press
Varians,H. 1992. Microeconomic analysis. 3
rd
Edition. New York: W.W Norton & Co.
The objective oI this course is to give understanding oI theory and concept in public
expenditures and taxation. Students will be given detail explanations on the Iollowing
topics: market Iailure and rationale Ior government intervention, mechanism Ior
allocating resources to public goods, externalities and public policy, public enterprise
pricing, principles oI taxation, eIIects oI tax on eIfciency, incentives and tax incidence,
normative analysis oI taxation, tax in an open economy, and fscal Iederalism in theory
and practice in Malaysia. AIter completing this course, student should be able to analyze
current issues in public fnance, and hence suggests policy implications that government
should consider to achieve high economic growth and social welIare.
Basic Readings
Bruce, N. 2001. Public sector economics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Wintharp
Publishers.
Hyman, D.N. 2002. Public hnance. a contemporary application of theory to policy. 7
th

Edition. New York: Dryden Press.
Myles, G.D. 2002. Public economics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Stiglitz, J.E. 2000. Economics of the public sector. 3
rd
Edition. New York: W.W.
Norton.
Vermeend, Willem, Rick Van Der Ploeg, D. & Jan Willem Timmer. 2009. Taxes ana the
economy. Northampton: Edward Edgar Publishing.
EEEX6154/EPPE6154 Economics of Social Policy
The objective oI this course is to provide understanding on the concept and theories
in economics oI social policy. The course covers discussion on the state, welIare and
social justice; income distribution and quality oI liIe; social services sector: education,
health and housing; and fnancing and social welIare institution. AIter completing this
course, students should be able to explain and discuss the principles, concepts and basic
theories related to economics oI social policy explain the relationship between power
and wealth, and its impact on achieving the objectives oI social policy in society; and
use theories to explain social problems.
Basic Readings
Henderson, J.W. 2008. Health economics ana policy. 4
th
Edition. Cincinnati: South-
Western Cengage Learning.
Le Grand, J. & Robinson, R. 1984. The economics of social problems. the market versus
the state. Hampshire: Macmillan.
Roziah O. & Doling, J. 2000. Issues ana challenges of social policy east ana west.
Kuala Lumpur: University oI Malaysia Press.
Roziah, O. & Sivamurugan P. 2005. Malaysia. isu-isu sosial semasa. Kuala Lumpur:
Institut Sosial Malaysia.
Stiglitz, J.E. 2000. Economics of the public sector. New York : W. W. Norton.
This course discusses currency exchange market options; international Iund transIer
theory; eIIect oI fscal and fnancial policies in open economies; Euro currency markets;
oII-shore fnancial centres; fnancial integration; international fnancial system.
Basic Readings
Hallwood, C. P and R. MacDonald (2007), International money ana hnance. Blackwell
Publishing, UK.
Chacholiades, Miltiades. 1978. International monetary theory ana policy. New York:
McGraw Hill.
Rodriquez, Rita M. & Carter, E. Eugene. 1984. International hnancial management.
Eaglewood CliIIs: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Jones, R.W. & Kenen, P.B. 1984. Hanabook of international economics. Vol. 1.
Amsterdam: North-Holland.
Daniels, J.P. & Van Hoose. 1999. International monetary ana hnancial economics. New
York: South-Western College Publishing.
This course examines the inter-relationship between production structure, consumption
and the ensuing trade that results, in a microeconomic Iramework. Production is
conditioned by the industrial structure and this in turn is very much infuenced by
movement oI Iactors especially Ioreign direct investment. Trade and industrial policy
aIIects the cost oI doing business which then infuences the production structure in a
country. The role oI trade and industrial policy in a multilateral Iramework in promoting
growth and development will also discussed.
Basic Readings
Daniel, M.C.J. (2000). Knowleage spillovers ana economic growth. regional growth
aifferentials across Europe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
Gemmell, Norman (1989). Surveys in aevelopment economics. New York: Basil
Blackwell.
Greenaway, D. & Winters, LA (1994). Surveys in international traae. OxIord: Basil
Blackwell.
KhaliIah, N.A. & Adam, R. (2009). Proauctivity spillovers from FDI in Malaysian
manufacturing. eviaence from micro-panel aata. Asian Economic Journal, 23(2):
143-167
Markusen J.R., Melvin J.R., KaempIer, W.H. & Maskus, K.E. 1995. International traae.
theory ana eviaence. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc
EEEX6184/EPPE6184Political Economy of International Trade
This course discusses the political economy aspect oI the Iormulation oI trade policy.
The diIIerent theories as to why international trade occurs will be examined. Based on
the diIIerent trade theories, the parties that gain and loose Irom international trade will be
identifed. The lobbying activities oI losers Irom international trade in seeking protection
will be discussed. The current scenario oI regional integration and globalization within
the multilateral Iramework and the auspices oI WTO will also be discussed.
Basic Readings
Greenaway, D. & Winter, L.A. 1994. Surveys in international traae. OxIord: Blackwell
Krugman, P.R. 1986. Strategic traae policy ana the new international economics.
Cambridge: The MIT Press
Markusen J.R., Melvin J.R., KaempIer, W.H. & Maskus, K.E. 1995. International traae.
theory ana eviaence. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc
Peneder, M. (2001) Inaustry classihcations aim, scope ana techniques. Austrian Institute
oI Economics Research (WIFO)
The objectives oI this course are to study the rational, objectives, instrument, types,
process oI planning, sectoral planning and mechanisms oI planning. Since certain
principles have emerged in the planning experience oI socialist and mixed economies,
comparative studies between selected countries on economics practices will be done.
Planning model and techniques such as aggregate model, sectoral model, input output
analysis and project evaluation review technique will also be discussed. AIter completing
this course students should be able to evaluate important issues in economic planning.

Basic Readings
Chow, G.C. 2002. Chinas economic transformation. OxIord:
Hunt, S.D. 2000. A general theory of competition. resources, competences, proauctivity,
economic growth. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Lewis, A.W. 2003. The principles of economic planning. Rutledge: Taylor and Francis
Group.
Gupta, K.R. 2009. Economic of aevelopment ana planning. 4
th
Edition and Enlargement
Edition. New Delhi: Atlantic Publication.
OsterIeld, D. 1992. Prosperity verses planning. How government sties economic
growth. OxIord: OxIord University Press.
This postgraduate course introduces and discusses the theoretical base, paradigm and
evidences oI economic development Irom a policy-oriented perspective. Topics oI
discussion include development economic paradigm; development and econonomic
growth theories; poverty and inequality; theories, policies and strategies oI agricultural,
industrial and services sector development; domestic and international mobilization oI
resources; and globalization and liberalization.
Basic Readings
Hess, P and Clark, R (1997) Economic aevelopment. theories, eviaence ana policies,
Forth Worth: The Dryden Press.
Jomo K.S and Erik Reinert (eds.,) 2005. The origins of aevelopment economics. how
schools of thoughts have aaaressea aevelopment. London: Zed Books.
Jomo, K.S. and Ben Fine (eds.,) 2006. The new aevelopment economics. after the
Washington consensus. London: Zed Books.
Siggel, E (2005) Development economics. a policy analysis approach. London:
Ashgate.
Yujiro Hayami (1997) Development economics. from the poverty to the wealth of
nations. OxIord: Clarendon Press.
EEEX6234/EPPE6234 Trade And Development
The aim oI this course is to provide deeper understanding on international trade theory
and its relationship with development. Several international trade models namely
export led growth, dual gap, constrained balanced oI payment growth, and endogenous
growth model are examined. This course will Iurther analyze several international trade
policy options such as eIIective protective, import substitutions and export initiative
policies. Special emphasis will be made on relationship between industrial process and
trade, trade eIIect on welIare, environment and standard oI living. Beneft on custom
unions and preIerential trade cooperation will be discussed in the context oI regional
economic cooperation in the era oI globalization. Examination on the advantages and
disadvantages oI multilateralism and WTO to the developing countries will also be
made. AIter completing this course, students are expected to discuss and evaluate trade
policies and its relationship with development oI a country.
Basic Readings
Bloch, Harry (eds.). 2003. Growth ana aevelopment in the global economy. Massachusetts:
Edward Elagar.
Bowen, Harry P., Abraham Hollander & Jean-Marie Viaene. 2001. Appliea international
traae analysis. Ann Arbor: University oI Michigan Press.
BuIfe, Edward F. 2001. Traae policy in aeveloping countries. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Markusen, James R., James R. Melvin, William H. KaempIer & Keith E. Maskus. 1995.
International traae theory ana eviaence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Thilrwall, A.P. 1994. Growth ana aevelopment with special reference to aeveloping
economies. Hampshire: Macmillan.
This course aims to provide understanding to students on the concepts, issues and
techniques oI human resource development planning. The scope oI this course covers
Iour important parts, i.e. human resource determination including population and
migration; human resource development including education, training and health;
manpower planning including manpower projection techniques, education planning and
employment strategy; impact oI human capital on economic growth, income distribution,
wages and wage diIIerentials. AIter completing this course, students should be able
to articulate issues, understand strategies; and apply technique and theory oI human
resource development planning to reality.
Basic Readings
Abegaz, B. 1994. Manpower aevelopment planning. London: Ashgate Publishing
Company.
Becker, G.S. 1993. Human capital. theoretical ana empirical analysis, with special
reference to eaucation. Chicago: The Chicago University Press.
Hopkin, M. 2002. Labour market planning revisitea. New York: Macmillan.
Olivier Bertrand. 2004. Planning human resources. methoas, experiences ana practices.
Paris: UNESCO: International Institute Ior Education Planning.
Rahmah Ismail. 2010. Ekonomi sumber manusia. teori aan empirikal. Kuala Lumpur:
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
The main objective oI this course is to provide understanding regarding important
aspects oI human resource management discipline. Aspects that shall be Iocused
include evaluation oI the management Iunctions, perIormance appraisal, job analysis,
compensation management system, discipline and employees demand, negotiation
skills, training and development, training needs analysis, occupational acts, career
planning and evaluation on the new concepts as well as strategic approaches in human
resource management. A comparative analysis shall also be made on human resource
management practices in several countries. At the end oI this course, student would have
a wider knowledge regarding important issues in management felds and understand
available techniques towards solving the issues.
Basic Readings
Dessler, G. 2007. Human resource management. 11
th
Edition. New Jersey: Prentice
Hall.
Harris, M. 1997. Human resource management. a practical approach. Orlando: Harcourt
Brace.
Mathis, R & Jackson, J. 2000. Human resource management. 9
th
Edition. Ohio: Thomson
Learning.
Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P.M. 2008. Human resource
management. gaining a competitive aavantage. 6
th
edition. New York: McGraw
Hill.
Werther, W & Davis, K. 1996. Human resource ana personnel management. 5
th
Edition.
London: McGraw-Hill.
The objective oI this course is to provide student with market`s theories and their
application to the major labour issues in the labour market. Every theory discussed is
Iollowed by estimation method and empirical study. The approach is to set the operation
oI the labour market within the wider context oI a macro-economy (be it nationally or
internationally). There will also be discussion on the Malaysian labour market issues
and perIormance with special reIerence given to the unemployment, Ioreign labour,
Iemale participation and minimum wage issues. Upon completing this course, student
will be able to confdently deal with any Ienomenon related to labour market.
Basic Readings
Addison, J. & Siebert, W. 1979. The market for labor. an analytical treatment. CaliIornia:
Goodyear.
Borjas, G. 2008. Labor economics. 4
th
Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Ehrenberg, R. & Smith, R.S. 2000. Moaern labor economics. theory & public policy.
7
th
Edition. Massachusetts: Addison & Wesley.
KauIman, B. & Hotchkiss, J. 2006. The economics of labor markets. 7
th
Edition.
Hinsdale: Ohio: Thomson.
McConnell, C., Brue, S. & Machperson, D. 2009. Contemporary labor economics. 8
th

Edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
This course trains students theoretically and practically on advanced quantitative
techniques which are Irequently used in empirically analyzing the major problems
in agricultural economics. This course also exposes students to applied aspects via
computer. The main topics discussed include production economy; theory and method oI
statistical and dynamic optimization; partial equilibrium analysis on market input, output
and trade; and risk analysis and uncertainty involving E-V Irontier, linear programming,
Iactor analysis and practical identifcation oI simultaneous equation.
Basic Readings
Beattie, B.R & C.R Taylor. 1984. The Economics of proauction. New York:John Wiley
and Sons.
Hillier F.S & G.J Lieberman. 1985. Operations research. San Francisco:Holden-Day
Inc
Nik Hashim Mustapha. 1991. Ekonomi pengeluaran pertanian. teori aan gunaan. Kuala
Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Peter B.R. Hazell & Roger D. Norton. 1986. Mathematical programming for economic
analysis in agriculture. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Taha, H.A. 1995. Operation research. an introauction. 5
th
Edition. London: Prentice-
Hall International Ltd.
This course provides advanced level training on the economic evaluation oI policies
and projects that have implications on the natural environment. The course Iocuses on
the theory and application oI environmental valuation techniques. At the end oI the
course, students are expected to have the skills to apply some selected environmental
valuation techniques. The main topics are; basic concepts oI welIare economics, Criteria
Ior Policy Appraisals, Cost Beneft Analysis, and Environmental Valuation Techniques.
The environmental valuation techniques that will be discussed include Cost Approaches,
Productivity Change Approaches, Contingent Valuation, Contingent Ranking, Choice
Modelling, Hedonic Pricing, Travel Cost Approach and Benefts TransIer. Practicum
slots are meant Ior the discussion oI specialised topics, case studies, and hands on
environmental valuation exercises. Students are encouraged to contribute to an interactive
learning environment
Basic Readings
Boadway, R.W. & Bruce, N. 1988. Welfare economics. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Boardman, G. & Weimer, V. 1996. Cost-beneht analysis concepts ana practice. New
Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Freeman III, A.M. 2003. The measurement of environmental ana resource values. theory
ana methoas. 2
nd
Edition. Washington D.C.: Resource Ior the Future.
Nick, H., Shrogen, J.F. & White, B. 1997. Environmental economics in theory ana
practice. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
Richard T. Carson. 2007. The statea preference approach to environmental valuation
international library of environmental economics ana policy (Jol I III). Aldershot:
Ashgate Publishing Company.
This course introduces advanced agricultural economic theory to enable students to
analyze agricultural policy and alternative agricultural development programmes. The
main topics include economic problems and agricultural sector politics comprising Iactor
market structure and output; sustainable agriculture; welIare policy eIIect and agricultural
programme; eIIects oI agricultural trade policies and international agricultural trade
agreement issues.
Basic Readings
Ferris, JN. 1997. Agricultural price ana commoaity market analysis. New York :
McGraw Hill Co.
Knutson R.D, J B Penn, WT Boehm. 1990. Agricultural ana fooa policy. 2
nd
Edition.
Prentice- HALL, New Jersey.
Mecalla. AF & TE. Josling. 1985. Agricultural policies ana worla markets. London :
Macmillian Publishing Co.
Tweete, L.1992.Agricultural traae-principle ana policies. Boulder : Westview Press
The objective oI this course is to oIIer training Ior students the advance concepts oI
natural resources and environmental management. Students will be exposed to the major
theory concepts oI environmental and natural resources which are importance in fnding
the right decisions in the production and consumption. More emphasis is placed on the
aspects oI economics, laws and institutions, which contribute to the market Iailure. At
the end oI the course, students should be able to apply the methods and instruments oI
environmental economics and natural resources in fnding the solutions in the production
and consumption.
Basic Readings
Hartwick, J. M. & Olewiler, N. D. 1998. The economics of natural resource use. 2
nd

Edition.Massachusetts: Harper and Row.
Kahn, J.R. 2005. The economic approach of environmental ana natural resource. 3
rd
Edition. Ohio: Thomson South-Western.
Perman, R. , Ma, Y., McGilvarry, J. & Common, M. 2003. Natural resource ana
environmental economics. Harlow: Addison Wesley.
Randall, A. 1987. Resource ana economics. an economic approach to natural resource
ana environmental policy. New York: John Wiley and Son.
Tietenberg, T. & Lynne, L. 2009. Environment ana natural resource economics. Boston:
Pearson Addison Wesley.
EEEX6344/EPPE6344 Dynamic Optimization and Decision Theory
The objective oI this course is to provide training in the application oI calculus oI
variation, optimal control theory and dynamic programming in solving dynamic
economics problems. The course content will cover solving frst and second order
diIIerential equations, simultaneous diIIerential equations, solving dynamic problems
using calculus oI variation and optimal control theory. The application oI dynamic
programming Ior solving economic related problems will also be introduced. AIter
completing this course, students should be able to understand the theory and solve the
the dynamic economic problems.
Basic Readings
Chiang, A. & Wainwright, K. 2005. Funaamental methoas of mathematical economics.
4
th
Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill-Irwin.
Ching, A. 2000. Elements of aynamic optimi:ation. Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.
Diwekar, U. 2008. Introauction to appliea optimi:ation. 2
nd
Edition. New York:
Springer.
Kamien, M & Schwartz, N. 1991. Dynamic optimi:ation. the calculus of variations ana
optimal control in economics ana management. 2
nd
Edition. Amsterdam: North-
Holland.
Kendrik, D.A., Mercado, P.R. & Amman, H.M. 2005. Computational economics. New
York: Princeton University Press.
This course aims to provide skills to students on econometrics methods and techniques
used in analyzing economic data. This course covers specifc topics in econometrics
which includes model specifcation and selection, equation system estimation, dynamic
model estimation, dynamic model inIerence, autoregressive model, distributed lag model,
qualitative response regression model, non-linear models and panel data regression
models. At the end oI the source, students able to apply the econometrics techniques in
their researches.
Basic Readings
Baltagi, B. H., 2003. Theoretical econometrics. OxIord, Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Greene, W. H., 2008. Econometric analysis. 6
th
Edition. New Jersey, Prentice Hall
Gujarati, D.N. ,2009. Basic econometrics. 5
th
Edition. New York, McGraw Hill Intl.
Edition .
Maddala, G.S. 2005. Introauction to econometrics. 3
rd
Edition. New York. John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
Wooldridge, J.M., 2009. Introauctory econometrics- a moaern approach. 4
th
Edition.
Thompson South-Western
EEEX6424/EPPE6424 Time Series Econometric
The aim oI the course is to give understanding and skills to student in modeling time
series data. Topics discussed include Box-Jenkins model, stationary test, violatility
analysis using using ARCH and GARCH models, multi-equation time series model
using VAR model; co-integration test and error correction model. AIter completing
this course students are expected to understand univariate and multivariate time series
models and be able to apply them in modeling real economic and monetary time series
data.
Basic Readings
Brooks, C. 2008. Introauctoryconometrics for Finance. CambridgeUniversity Press.
Cambridge.
Enders, W. 2010. Appliea Econometric Time Series. John Wiley. New Jersey.
Greene, W.H. 2008. Econometric Analysis. 6
th
edition. Pearson. New Jersey.
Gujarati, D.N. 2002. Basic Economics. 4
th
edition. McGraw Hill. New York.
Ruey S. tsay. 2005. Analysis of Financial Time Series. 2
nd
Edition, John Wiley. New
Jersey.
The aim oI this course is to discuss several econometric methods commonly used
in empirical studies. Selected topics Irom various sub-disciplines in economics e.g
monetary, agricultural and development economics are discussed with respect to
specifcation oI the models, choices oI variables and data, methods oI estimation and
inIerence. Dynamic models, non-stationary time series models and co-integration
analyses, system oI equations combining cross-section and time series model are also
discussed. AIter completing this course student should be able to undertake and evaluate
empirical research.
Basic Readings
Berndt. E.R. 1991. The practice of econometrics. classic ana contemporary. Reading:
Addison-Wesley.
Green, W.H. 2000. Econometric analysis. 4
th
Edition. London: Prentice Hall
International.
Intriligator, M., Bodkin, R. & Cheng Hsiao. 1996. Econometric moaels, techniques ana
applications. 2
nd
Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Lutkepohl, H. & Kratzig, M. 2004. Appliea time series econometrics. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Stewart, K.G. 2005. Introauction to appliea econometrics. Belmont: Thomson-Brooks/
Cole.
EEEX6514/EPPE6514 Fiqh for Economics
This cource aims to provide understanding on fqh muamalat and its application in
economics. Students will be introduced with the basic principles and several selected
contracts in fqh which directly used in economic activities and Islamic monetary.
Discussions cover several terms such as riba, gharar, akad, wealth, ownership and
rights, while the specifc selected topics include theory oI contract, sale and purchase,
salam, istisna`, wakalah, kaIalah, hawalah, rahnu, ijarah, mudarabah, and musyarakah.
AIter completing this course students should understand and be able to apply the
principles oI fqh muamalat into the real practice oI Islamic monetary.
Basic Readings
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. 1997. Fiqh aan perunaangan Islam. Jil. IV. Vol. V. Terj. Kuala
Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Al-Zuhaili, Wahbah. 1986. Usul al-Fiqh al-Islamiyy. Jil. I - V. Dar al-Fikr: Damsyiq.
Hailani Muji Tahir & Sanep Ahmad. 2009. Aplikasi hqh muamalat aalam sistem
kewangan Islam. Shah Alam: UPENA.
Md Akhir Yaakob. 1997. Penfelasan istilah hqh muamalat. Kuala Lumpur: Al-
Rahmaniah.
Sayid Sabiq. 1982. Fiqh sunnah. Jil. I - VIII. Terj. Bandung: P.T AlmaariI.
EEEX6524/EPPE6524 Islamic Money and Capital Markets
The objective oI the course is to give understanding to the students the principles,
concepts and practices oI Islamic money and capital markets. Students will be introduced
to principles and practices oI Malaysian Islamic money and capital markets. Discussion
will cover the monetary instruments, as well as products and services innovation.
The course will also discuss Malaysia`s position as regional and international Islamic
monetary centre. AIter completing this course, students should be able to identiIy and
discuss current issues relevant to Islamic money and capital markets.
Basic Readings
Abdul GhaIar Ismail. 2010. Money, Islamic banks ana the real economy. Singapore:
Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
Mohd Daud Bakar & Engku Rabiah Adawiah Engku Ali (pnyt.). 2008. Essential reaaings
in Islamic hnance. Kuala Lumpur: CERT Publications Sdn. Bhd.
Obaidullah, Mohammed. 2005. Islamic hnancial services. Jeddah: Scientifc Publishing
Centre.
Securities Commission Malaysia. 2009. Introauction to Islamic capital market. Petaling
Jaya: LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
Securities Commission Malaysia. 2009. Regulatory requirements, legal aocumentation,
accounting, auaiting ana taxation in the Islamic capital market. Petaling Jaya:
LexisNexis Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.
This course aims to provide understanding on the methodology oI Islamization and its
application on microeconomics analysis. Students will be introduced to Islamization
process and the analysis technique on several topics in microeconomics Irom Islamic
economics perspective. Discussions cover on analysis oI consumer behavior, frm
behavior, market and price determination, Iactor price determination and market
equilibrium. AIter completing this course students should be able to make economics
analysis Irom Islamic Economics perspective.
Basic Reading s
Adiwarman Karim. 2003. Ekonomi mikro Islam. Ed. ke-2. Jakarta: IIT
Faridi, F.R. 1977. Essays in Islamic economic analysis. Kuala Lumpur: S Abdul Majid
& Co.
Muhammad Anwar. 1987. Moaelling interest-free economy. a stuay in macroeconomics
ana aevelopment. Washington D.C: International Institute oI Islamic Thought.
Muhammad Fahim Khan. 1995. Essays in Islamic economics. Leicester: The Islamic
Foundation.
Sayyid Tahir, Aidit Ghazali & Syed Omar Syed Agil. 1992. Reaaings in microeconomics.
an Islamic perspective. Longman Malaysia: Petaling Jaya.
EPPE6908 Academic Paper
This course is Ior students who have chosen to study by coursework and academic
paper. The academic paper should not exceed 12,000 words in length.
EPPE6940 Thesis
This course is Ior students who have chosen to study by thesis only. The thesis should
not exceed 50,000 words in length.
EPPE7960 Dissertation
This course is Ior students who have chosen to study by coursework and dissertation.
The dissertation should not exceed 60,000 words in length.
EPPE8000 Thesis
This course is Ior students who have chosen to study by thesis only. The thesis should
not exceed 100,000 words in length.
Comprehensive Examination GuideIines
Doctor of PhiIosophy in Economics
FacuIty of Economics and Business
1. Introduction
Students pursuing the Doctor oI Philosophy in Economics (DPE) by coursework
and dissertation must take the comprehensive examination which comprises the
Iollowing:
1.1 For students pursuing the DPE programme, the comprehensive
examination covers:
a. Two qualiIying examinations in the feld oI Microeconomics
and Macroeconomics, and
b. An examination on area oI specialisation
1.2 AIter students pass all the stipulated examinations, they are eligible
to become doctoral candidates and may commence the writing oI
dissertation.
2. Conduct oI Comprehensive Examinations
2.1 Students who have passed the semester examinations Ior courses
that are covered in the comprehensive examination are eligible to
take the said examination, i.e.
2.2 QualiIying examinations in the theoretical feld Ior DPE students
may be taken aIter the students have passed all the core courses.
2.3 Specialised area examination Ior DPE students may be taken
aIter the students have passed the qualiIying examinations and all the
courses in the area oI specialisation.
3. Date oI Examination
3.1 The qualiIying examinations Ior Microeconomics and the area oI
specialisation (DPE) will be held in the six (6th) week oI every
semester.
3.2 The qualiIying examination Ior Macroeconomics will be held in the
nine (9th) week oI every semester.
4. Notice oI Examination
Students who wish to take any examination are required to fll up a Iorm in the
Dean`s OIfce oI the Faculty oI Economics and Business (FEP) at least one (1)
month beIore the date oI the examination.
5. Committee
5.1 A committee will be appointed by the Dean oI the FEP Ior each
comprehensive examination. This committee is known as the QualiIying
Examination Committee and Examination Committee Ior Area oI
Specialisation.
5.2 The QualiIying Examination Committee and Examination Committee
Ior Area oI Specialisation comprise oI the Dean, Graduate Coordinator/
Deputy Dean and the lecture oI the relevant courses . This committee
is chaired by the dean and one member will be appointed as the ChieI
Setter oI Examination Questions. This committee is appointed Ior a
period oI two (2) years except Ior the dean who is an ex-oIfcio member
oI the committee.
5.3 The Chairman oI the Examination Committee (dean) is responsible
Ior coordinating the marking oI the examinations.
6. Number oI Examinations
Candidates are given two (2) chances to pass the examination. II they Iail the
frst examination, the second examination must be taken on the date oI the next
examination.
7. Examination Assessment
7.1 The students` grades are measured according to two scales, PASS or
FAIL.
7.2 II deemed appropriate, the Examination Committee may call any
student Ior an oral examination.
7.3 All the above examination results must be endorsed by the FEP
Graduate Examination Committee and Senate.
Universiti Kebangsaan MaIaysia (Post-Graduate Studies)
Act
1. Citation
This Act may be cited as the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
(Post-Graduate Studies) Act 1984 (Amended 2005).
2. Commencement
This Act shall apply to all students pursuing or starting to pursue a
programme leading to a Master`s or Doctor oI Philosophy (PhD)
degree aIter this Act comes into Iorce on 1 January 2005.
3. Defnition
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,
'Academic Adviser means a member oI the teaching staII Irom the
Iaculty/department appointed to guide a candidate pursuing studies by
coursework;
'Candidate means a student who has registered to Iollow a programme
oI study in the University;
'Co-Supervisor means a person appointed jointly with the main
supervisor to supervise the research, thesis preparation and to guide and
assess a candidate`s studies;

'Course means a subject oIIered under a programme;
'Course Unit means points accorded Ior a course based on the number
oI contact hours and coverage oI the said course;
'Degree means an award conIerred by the University on a candidate
who has Iulflled the requirements Ior a master`s or doctor oI
philosophy degree or its equivalent;
'Department means any department or unit or centre oI studies set up
in the Iaculty to administer a programme;
'External Examiner means a member oI the teaching staII Irom
outside the University appointed by the Senate to assess the status oI a
candidate in the programme;

An external examiner Ior a PhD candidate must have at least a PhD or an ssociate
proIessorship or equivalent and be experienced in the area oI study with a reasonable
number oI publications and at least fve (5) years` experience in the research area
oI the candidate.
An external examiner Ior a master`s degree candidate must have a
master`s degree and at least three (3) years` experience in the research
area oI the candidate.
'Faculty means any Iaculty established in the University, including
in stitutes and centres which are recognised as being oI Iaculty status;
'Graduate Examination Committee means a committee comprising
the Vice Chancellor, Dean oI the Centre Ior Graduate Studies, dean oI
the Iaculty, head oI department, academic adviser/supervisor/Chairman
oI the Post-Graduate Committee to evaluate the examination results oI
the students;
'Graduate Studies Committee means the committee set up in the
Iaculty to manage the Iaculty programmes;
'Head oI Department means a member oI the teaching staII appointed
by the University to coordinate a programme;
'Internal Examiner means a member oI the teaching staII Irom the
University appointed by the Centre Ior Graduate Studies on the
recommendation oI the Iaculty to assess the status oI a candidate in the
programme;
'Main Supervisor means a member oI the teaching staII Irom the
University appointed to head the group oI supervisors to supervise
the research, thesis preparation and to guide and assess a candidate`s studies;
'Oral Examination Committee means the examiners` committee comprising
the Dean oI the Centre Ior Graduate Studies (or his repre sentative) as chairman,
external examiner (iI relevant), and internal examiner as members;
'Payment means all payments and Iees chargeable by the University Ior the
candidates oI a programme;
'Post-Graduate Committee means the committee set up in the Iaculty to supervise
research, thesis preparation and to guide and assess a candidate`s studies;

'Programme means the study plan Ior the master`s or doctor oI philosophy degree
in specifc areas;
'Programme Head means a member oI the teaching staII appointed by the
University to coordinate a programme;
'QualiIying Examination means the overall examination oI the main and sub-
areas oI knowledge pursued by a candidate in his/her coursework;
'Regulations means regulations made according to specifc provisions under this
Act;
'Semester means a specifc period oI time within a session as may be determined
by the Senate;
'Senate means the Senate oI Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia;
'Session means an academic year, the dates oI which are determined by the
Senate;
'Supervisor means a member oI the teaching staII Irom the University appointed
to supervise the research, thesis preparation and to guide and assess a candidate`s
studies;
'Thesis means an academic composition that states the fndings Irom research
undertaken by a candidate;
'University means Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
4. Admission Criteria
Subject to regulations made under this Act, a candidate who intends to apply to
Iollow a programme must possess the Iollowing qualifcations:
4.1 Bachelor degree or higher Irom Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or;
4.2 Other qualifcations equivalent to the bachelor degree or higher
recognised by the Senate; or
4.3 Other qualifcations with experience recognised by the Senate.
5. Registration and Payment
A candidate must register as a student oI the University and settle all outstanding
payments at the beginning oI each semester or session throughout his/her period oI
study.
6. Course Registration and Payment
A candidate must register Ior the courses under the programme oI study and settle
all outstanding payments at the beginning oI each semester or session throughout
his/her period oI study.
7. Mode oI Registration
Candidates may pursue this programme on a Iull-time or part-time basis or via
distance learning calculated Irom the frst date oI registration up to end oI period
oI study.
8. Change oI Mode oI Registration
In special circumstances, the Dean oI the Centre Ior Graduate Studies may approve
the application oI a candidate to convert his/her status Irom Iull-time to part-time
or vice-versa or Irom one programme to another, subject to the regulations made
under this Act.
9. Period oI Study
A candidate must complete his/her programme oI study within the period stipulated
in the regulations made under this Act.
10. Modes oI Study
Subject to the regulations made under this Act, the modes oI study may comprise:
10.1 Coursework only; or
10.2 Thesis only; or
10.3 Coursework and thesis; or
10.4 Coursework and practicum or clinical work as well case studies
and/or thesis.
11. Thesis
Candidates pursuing modes oI study as in 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4 must submit fve
(5) copies oI the thesis at the end oI the programme Ior examination. Regulations
governing thesis writing are provided in the regulations made under this Act.
12. Modes oI Examination
The examinations which may be conducted, subject to the regulations made this
Act, shall be as Iollows:
12.1 Coursework examination;
12.2 Thesis evaluation;
12.3 Oral examination;
12.4 Clinical examination and practicum;
12.5 QualiIying examination.
13. Graduate Examiners` Committee
A Graduate Examiners` Committee shall be established to evaluate the results oI
the fnal examinations oI the candidates.
14. Powers oI the Graduate Examiners` Committee
The Graduate Examiners` Committee shall:
14.1 II satisfed, recommend to the Senate that the candidate be
awarded the relevant degree; or
14.2 II deemed necessary, make it conditional Ior the candidate to be
reIerred Ior more work and subsequently re-evaluate him/her; or
14.3 II not satisfed, report that a candidate has Iailed.
15. Terms Ior Award oI Degree
The degree may be awarded to a candidate who has:
15.1 Fulflled all the requirements under this Act;
15.2 Been recommended to be awarded the degree by the Graduat Examiners`
Committee and endorsed by the Senate; and
15.3 Cleared all payments stipulated.
16. Termination oI Candidate
A candidate pursuing a programme may be terminated at any time iI
his/her progress is not satisIactory.
17. Action on Candidates FalsiIying InIormation
The Senate reserves the right to take appropriate action iI it is Iound that
a candidate has Ialsifed inIormation related to his/her candidature.
18. Regulations
The Senate may issue regulations, in general as deemed necessary, Ior the purposes
oI implementing or enIorcing the provisions oI this Act.
19. Exceptions
The Senate may allow any exceptions deemed necessary under the provisions oI
this Act.
Universiti Kebangsaan MaIaysia (Post-Graduate Studies)
ReguIations
In exercise oI the powers vested under paragraph 18 oI the Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia (Post-Graduate Studies) Act, the Senate oI Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
hereby makes the Iollowing regulations:
1. Citation, Commencement and Application
1.1 These regulations may be cited as the Assessment
Regulations and other Regulations related to the Post-Graduate
Studies Programme and shall come into Iorce on 1 January 2005.
1.2 These regulations are applicable to all students pursuing or
starting to pursue a programme leading to the master`s or Doctor
oI Philosophy (PhD) degree aIter these regulations come into
Iorce.
2. Criteria Ior Admission
2.1 Admission Eligibility
Candidates who wish to apply Ior a post-graduate programme
must have the Iollowing qualifcations:
2.1.1 Master`s Programme
a) A bachelor degree with a good cumulative grade
point average (CGPA) Irom Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia or any other institution oI higher learning
b) A medical or dental degree Irom Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia or any institution oI higher
learning or an equivalent degree Irom any institution
c) A diploma in a relevant feld with working
experience oI not less than fve (5) years in a feld
related to the area applied Ior; or
d) Other qualifcations equivalent to the bachelor degree
with other qualifcations or experience recognised by
the Senate.
2.1.2 Doctor oI Philosophy Programme
a) A master`s degree Irom Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia or any institution oI higher learning
b) Other qualifcations equivalent to the master`s
degree with other qualifcations or experience
recognised by the Senate.
c) Currently pursuing a Iull-time master`s programme
in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and
recommended by the relevant Faculty Graduate
Studies Committee to convert their status to the
Doctor oI Philosophy programme with approval
oI the Dean oI the Centre Ior Graduate Studies.
d) A bachelor degree with a cumulative grade point
average (CGPA) oI at least 3.67 Irom Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia or any institution oI higher
learning recognised by the Senate.
e) Candidates who have been accepted may be
required to Iollow the Master oI Philosophy
programme beIore being accepted into the Doctor
oI Philosophy programme subject to satisIactory
progress in their studies.
2.2 Malay Language Requirement
It is compulsory Ior candidates Irom outside Malaysia to take two
(2) courses equivalent to Iour (4) course units oI Malay Language as
prescribed by the University. Exemption may be granted to candidates
who have taken equivalent Malay Language courses organised by other
bodies recognised by the University.
3. Application
3.1 Application Process
3.1.1 Applications must be made using specifed Iorms and
sent to the Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Studies.
3.1.2 Each application must frst be reIerred to the relevant
Faculty Graduate Studies Committee. The decision must
then be sent to the Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate
Management Ior Iurther action.
3.2 DeIerment oI Study
Candidates who have been accepted but have yet to register may choose
to deIer their studies Ior a period oI not less than one (1) semester and
not more than two (2) semesters through a written application to the
Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Management within Iour (4) weeks
Irom the date oI registration. The oIIer will be cancelled iI the candidates
do not apply to deIer their studies within the stipulated time period.
4. Registration and Admission Fee
4.1 Registration at Beginning oI Semester
Candidates who have been accepted must pay all the Iees and register
at the beginning oI every semester throughout their period oI study.
Candidates are not allowed to register Iour (4) weeks aIter the semester/
session has commenced, except candidates who have selected the mode
oI study oI 5.1.2 (by thesis only). Candidates who Iail to register Ior
any semester/session without written approval Irom the Director oI the
Centre Ior Graduate Management to deIer registration may have their
registration cancelled.
4.2 Registration oI Candidates Who Have Submitted Thesis
Candidates who have submitted their thesis Ior examination must
continue to register as post-graduate students until evaluation oI the
thesis is completed. No Iees will be imposed.
4.3 Registration oI Candidates Who Have Yet to Submit Master`s
Project Report
4.3.1 Post-graduate candidates who have not registered Ior a
long period (but not exceeding two (2) semesters Ior
Iull-time study and Iour (4) semesters Ior part-time study)
may submit an appeal to be allowed to resume their studies
by paying an application Iee oI RM200.00 and a late
registration fne oI RM30.00 Ior each semester oI
late registration.
4.4 Mode oI Registration
4.4.1 Candidates may choose to Iollow the programme on a
Iull-time or part-time basis calculated Irom the frst day oI
registration up to completion oI study.
4.4.2 Part-time candidates who are pursuing the programme via
thesis only must schedule meetings with their supervisors or
the Post-Graduate Committee Ior a period oI not less than
twenty contact hours per semester.
4.4.3 Candidates in employment must provide evidence that they
have been permitted to pursue their studies.
4.4.4 In special circumstances, candidates may request the
Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Management through
the Iaculty to convert their registration Irom Iull-time to
part-time or vice versa.
4.5 DeIerment oI Registration
4.5.1 Candidates who have registered may apply to deIer their
registration by providing reasonable grounds. This period
oI deIerment will not be computed as part oI the specifed
period oI study. Written application to the dean oI the Iaculty
with a copy to the Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate
Management must be made within Iour (4) weeks aIter the
commencement oI the semester.
4.5.2 DeIerment is allowed Ior a period oI not less than one (1)
semester but not exceeding two (2) semesters throughout
the period oI study.
4.5.3 Candidates whose deIerment has been approved will not
be considered as bona fde registered students oI the
University and, as such, are not eligible to use any oI the
Iacilities provided by the University except Ior obtaining
advice to resume their studies.
5. Modes oI Study
5.1 Candidates may choose one oI the Iollowing modes oI study
(subject to the modes oI study oIIered):
5.1.1 By coursework only; or
5.1.2 By thesis only; or
5.1.3 By coursework and thesis only; or
5.1.4 Coursework and practicum or clinical work as well as
case studies and/ or thesis.
5.2 To be eligible Ior the award oI the degree, candidates must have
obtained coursework units and/or thesis and/or clinical work/
practicum to the value oI not less than 30 units Ior the master`s
programme and 60 units Ior the Doctor oI Philosophy programme
apart Irom passing all the stipulated examinations.
6. Period oI Study
6.1 Master`s Programme by Coursework
6.1.1 The Iull-time period oI study is two (2) to Iour (4)
semesters.
6.1.2 The part-time period oI study is Iour (4) to eight (8)
semesters.
6.2 Master`s Programme by Coursework and Thesis
6.2.1 The Iull-time period oI study is two (2) to Iour (4)
semesters.
6.2.2 The part-time period oI study is Iour (4) to eight (8)
semesters.
6.3 Master`s Programme by Thesis
6.3.1 The Iull-time period oI study is two (2) to six (6)
semesters.
6.3.2 The part-time period oI study is three (3) to ten (10)
semesters.
6.4 Master`s Programme by Clinical Work
6.4.1 This programme is only available on a Iull-time basis and
the period oI study is two (2) to six (6) academic sessions.
6.5 Doctor oI Philosophy Programme
6.5.1 The Iull-time period oI study is six (6) to twelve (12)
semesters.
6.5.2 The part-time period oI study is eight (8) to Iourteen (14)
semesters.
7. Coursework
7.1 Modes oI Coursework Registration
7.1.1 Compulsory Registration
Compulsory registration means registration Ior courses
required in the award oI the degree. Compulsory courses reg-
istered will be computed to calculate the cumulative grade
point average oI the candidates. Compulsory registration
includes core and elective courses.
7.1.2 Non-Grade Registration
II necessary, candidates may be required to Iollow prereq-
uisite courses without grade, i.e. to obtain general results
oI pass or Iail. Such courses are not included in the calcula-
tion oI the grade point average. Nevertheless, the units oI
the non-grade courses are accounted Ior in determining the
course workload in every semester.
7.1.3 Audit Registration
Candidates may register Ior any course on an audit basis,
which will not be calculated towards the grade point average
or as part oI the requirements to be awarded the degree. Can-
didates attending courses on an audit basis are not required
to adhere to the regulations regarding attendance at lectures,
examination, etc. Such courses are not accounted Ior in de-
termining the course workload in every semester.
7.2 Work Loard
7.2.1 Coursework Load
The total number oI coursework units allowed per semester
Ior candidates pursuing the mode oI study other than 5.1.2
(thesis only) is nine (9) to eighteen (18) Ior Iull-time candi-
dates and three (3) to nine (9) Ior part-time candidates. The
maximum unit value is not inclusive oI units Ior research,
clinical work or practicum. For the fnal semester, then
Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Management may give
exemption Ior the maximum and minimum loads.
7.2.2 Workload oI Research Work and Thesis
The minimum unit value permitted Ior registration Ior candi-
dates pursuing the mode oI study under 5.1.2 (thesis only) is
a total oI six (6) units persemester One unit is equivalent to
research work oI not less than fIty (50) hours per semester.
7.3 Course Selection
Candidates doing coursework must select courses to be taken aIter
consulting and obtaining the advice oI the academic adviser/supervisor.
7.4 Malay Language Courses
All candidates Irom outside Malaysia are required to take the Malay
Language courses specifed by the University on an audit basis.
7.5 Course Registration
Candidates must register Ior all courses Ior a programme oI study within
Iour (4) weeks Irom the date oI commencement oI each semester.
7.6. Requirement to Attend Lectures
7.6.1 Candidates are required to attend all lectures/tutorials/semi-
nars Ior the registered courses. Attendance oI not less than
sevent (70) per cent (ninety |90| per cent Ior the Faculty
oI Medicine) is necessary to qualiIy candidates to take the
examination. Candidates who have less than (70) per cent
(ninety |90| per cent Ior Faculty oI Medicine) will not be
allowed to take the examination Ior the relevant courses and
will be given a grade E.
7.6.2 Candidates who have registered Ior a course but have not
attended it or applied to have it dropped will be given a
grade E Ior that course.
7.6.3 The results Ior candidates who attended and took the
examination Ior a course Ior which they have not registered
will not be taken into account.
7.7 Changing, Adding and Dropping Courses
Candidates are allowed to change and add courses that have been
registered aIter obtaining the advice and support oI the academic adviser/
supervisor within the frst Iour (4) weeks oI a semester, and drop courses
not later than the tenth (10) week. Courses that have been dropped
will be given a TD grade and will not be calculated in the grade point
average. Changing, adding and dropping oI courses must not aIIect the
total minimum and maximum number oI units that must be taken every
semester.
7.8 TransIer oI Units
Candidates who have registered Ior post-graduate programmes in other
universities recognised by the Senate may apply to transIer a part oI
the units obtained Ior similar and equivalent courses to the courses
being pursued. The maximum number oI units that may be transIerred
is 18. Applications must be Iorwarded to the Director oI the Centre Ior
Graduate Management.
8. Thesis
8.1 Candidates may not submit a thesis that has been submitted to
this University or another university, but they may include any
portion oI that thesis on condition appropriate acknowledgement
is made clearly.
8.2 II approved by the supervisor or the Post-Graduate Committee,
candidates may publish papers Irom the thesis during the period
that they are pursuing the programme, on condition those
papers acknowledge the University appropriately.
8.3 A Doctor oI Philosophy thesis may not exceed 100,000 words.
A master`s thesis without coursework may not exceed
60,000 words. Candidates doing a thesis with coursework
must not exceed 30,000 words. The total number oI words
does not include Iootnotes, abstracts, appendices, inIerences,
tables, diagrams, etc.
8.4 Approval to write a thesis which exceeds the number oI words
stipulated may be obtained by applying to the Director oI the
Centre Ior Graduate Management at least three (3) months
beIore submitting the thesis Ior examination.
8.5 The thesis must be written in Malay and must be preceded by an
abstract with a translation in English or Arabic. In special
circumstances, the thesis may be written in English or Arabic
with the abstract translated into Malay accompanied by an expanded
abstract not exceeding 1,000 words about the thesis. Applications
to write the thesis in either English or Arabic must b made through
the Iaculty Ior the considertion and approval oI the Director oI
the Centre Ior Graduate Management.
8.6 The regulations Ior preparing the thesis contained in the UKM
Thesis Writing Style Guide must be adhered to.
8.7 Candidates who will be submitting the thesis must:
8.7.1 give notice to the Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate
Management three (3) months beIore submitting the thesis
Ior examination;
8.7.2 obtain the prior written confrmation oI the supervisor,
main supervisor or co-supervisor or the chairman and
members oI the Post-Graduate Committee.
8.8 Candidates must submit two (2) copies oI the thesis approved by
the Senate to the Centre Ior Graduate Studies and three (3) copies
to the Iaculty at the end oI the programme.
8.9 A thesis may be published aIter approval has been obtained Irom
the University.
9. Supervision oI Post-Graduate Candidate
Each post-graduate candidate will be supervised by either an academic adviser or
a supervisor or the Post-Graduate Committee.
9.1 Academic Adviser
9.1.1 Candidates studying by coursework will be guided by at
least one (1) academic adviser appointed by the relevant
Iaculty. The academic adviser must be an academic currently
serving in the University.
9.1.2 The academic supervisor is responsible Ior advising the
candidates on the courses taken and the progress oI the
candidates whilst pursuing coursework.
9.2 Supervisor and Post-Graduate Committee
9.2.1 Candidates studying by coursework and thesis will be guided
by a supervisor, or main supervisor and co-supervisor, or the
Post-Graduate Committee appointed by the dean oI the rel-
evant Iaculty.
9.2.2 When a co-supervisor is appointed, the main supervisor will
bear greater responsibilities whereas the co-supervisor will
assist the main supervisor.
9.2.3 The Post-Graduate Committee shall comprise at least three
(3) members, including the chairman.
9.3 The supervisor, main supervisor, chairman oI the Post-Graduate
Committee or the academic supervisor must be academics currently
serving in the University.
9.4 Academic members who are on secondment, have resigned or retired
Irom the University, or qualifed individuals Irom other institutions may
be appointed only as the co-supervisor or member oI the Post-Graduate
Committee, except in special circumstances, based on a special
arrangement.
9.5 II Ior any reason, the supervisor, co-supervisor, a member oI the Post-
Graduate Committee is unable to carry out any oI his/her obligations,
the dean oI the Iaculty may appoint another staII member to carry out
the said tasks Ior a period deemed necessary.
9.6 II necessary, candidates may request to change their appointed
supervisor or co-supervisor or member oI the Post-Graduate
Committee or the academic adviser with a person oI their own choice.
The request must be sent to the dean oI the Iaculty Ior consideration and
approval not later than three (3) semesters aIter the initial appointment
is made.
9.7 Report oI Supervisor/Post-Graduate Committee
The supervisor, main supervisor or chairman oI the Post-Graduate
Committee must submit to the Faculty Graduate Studies Committee a
confdential report on the progress oI the candidates at least twice every
session throughout the duration oI study. A copy must be submitted to
the Director oI Centre Ior Graduate Management.
10. Examinations
10.1 The master`s examination Ior candidates Iollowing the
programme by thesis only must comprise:
10.1.1 A thesis which shall be examined by an internal
examiner and an external examiner.
10.1.2 Oral examination to deIend the thesis beIore the Oral
Examination Committee.
10.2 The master`s examination Ior candidates studying by coursework
only must comprise:
10.2.1 Examination on the coursework undertaken every
semester.
10.2.2 A qualiIying examination (iI necessary).
10.3 The master`s examination Ior candidates studying by coursework
and thesis must comprise:

10.3.1 Examination on the coursework undertaken every
semester.
10.3.2 A qualiIying examination (iI necessary).
10.3.3 A thesis will be examined by an internal examiner and
an external examiner iI the said thesis unit exceeds 40 oI
the total units Ior the programme. However, iI the thesis
unit is 40 or less, then the thesis will be examined by
an internal examiner only.
10.4 The master`s examination Ior candidates studying by coursework and
practicum or clinical work as well as case studies and/or thesis must
comprise:
10.4.1 Examination/written, oral and clinical/practicum report on
the course work Iollowed;
10.4.2 A thesis which will be examined by an internal examiner and
an external examiner;
10.5 The Doctor oI Philosophy examination Ior candidates Iollowing the
programme by thesis only must comprise:
at least one external examiner.
10.6 The Doctor oI Philosophy examination Ior candidates studying by
coursework and thesis must comprise:
10.6.1 Examination on the coursework undertaken every semester;
10.6.2 A qualiIying examination (iI necessary);
an external examiner;
10.7 A Graduate Examination Committee comprising the Vice
Chancellor, Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Management,
dean oI the relevant Iaculty, head oI department and academic
adviser/supervisor/chairman oI Post-Graduate Committee shall
be established to review the examination results oI the
candidates and iI satisfed, make recommendations to the Senate
Ior the conIerment oI the degree.
10.8 Candidates who Iail the Doctor oI Philosophy degree may be
considered Ior the award oI the Master oI Philosophy should the
Graduate Examination Committee fnd that the thesis submitted
has not attained the level Ior the award oI the doctoral degree.
11. Evaluation oI Coursework
11.1 Award oI Grade Point
Grade points are awarded every semester Ior coursework and other
Iorms oI evaluation held throughout the semester as well as the semester
fnal examinations.

The grade and grade points that will be granted are as Iollows:
B- 2.67 Pass
C 2.33 Pass
C 2.00 Pass
C- 1.67 Fail
D 1.00 Fail
E 0.00 Fail
L/K Pass/Fail (Ior courses without grade)
TL Incomplete
AU Audit
TD Withdrawal
SM In progress
TP DeIerment
11.2 Grades given without grade point:
11.2.1 L/K (Pass/Fail) grade given to candidates who have taken
examinations which do not have grades but only pass` or
Iail` status.
11.2.2 TL (Incomplete) grade given to candidates who have not
been able to complete the course requirements without
reasonable grounds. The candidates have to Iulfl the require-
ments within at least two (2) weeks aIter the registration date
oI the Iollowing semester so as to obtain Iull assessment and
grade.
11.2.3 SM (In progress) grade used Ior a coursework or project
which exceeds one semester Ior completion. It is not given a
grade point but its unit is computed only Ior determining the
general units Ior a semester, and not Ior the requirements Ior
the conIerment oI the degree. Unit and grade point Ior the
said coursework or project is taken into account only to cal-
culate the total units Ior the award oI degree and grade point
average when the SM symbol is replaced with a grade.
11.2.4 AU (Audit) grade given to candidates who register, attend
the course and take the examination Ior a course but the
grade point is not given. This symbol is recorded only iI the
students pass the examination Ior that course.
11.2.5 TD (Withdrawal) grade given to candidates who withdraw
Irom a course with the approval oI the dean oI the Iaculty
between the Iourth and tenth week oI the semester.
11.2.6 TP (DeIerment) i.e. grade given to candidates who request to
deIer the examination under paragraph 13.1. A replacement
examination shall be held as quickly as possible based on the
medical condition oI the students.
11.3 Calculation oI Unit and Grade Point Average (GPA)
11.3.1 Courses registered on a compulsory basis as stipulated in
paragraph 7.1.1 will be considered Ior calculation towards
Iulflment oI the requirements Ior the unit. Courses Iollowed
on audit, without grade, which are given TL, SM, TD grades
or dropped courses will not be included in the calculation oI
the unit.
11.3.2 The grade point average is determined using the Iollowing
methods:
a) Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA)
Total grade points (grade points x course units) Ior all
courses divided by the total units Ior all courses taken
in any semester.
b) Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)
Total grade points (grade points x course units) Ior all
courses divided by total units Ior all courses that have
been taken up to end oI studies.
The Iormula Ior calculating the grade point average is as Iollows:
n
_ G i U i
i 1
GPA -----------------
n
_ U i
i 1
where:
Gi Grade point Ior course i
Ui Course unit i
n Number oI courses taken
11.4 Status oI Academic Achievement and Terms Ior Continuing Study
11.4.1 A candidate`s status oI academic achievement will be deter-
mined by the CGPA Ior a period oI study, as Iollows:
Grade Point Status of Eligibility Eligibility

Average Achievement to Continue to be Awarded
Degree
CGPA ~3 Pass Eligible Eligible

2 _ CGPA 3 Conditional pass Probation Not eligible
CGPA 2 Fail & terminated Not eligible Not eligible

11.4.2 Candidates must attain a CGPA oI at least 3.0 every se-
mester. Candidate who obtain a CGPA oI less than 3.0 will
be given probationary status Ior the Iollowing semester to
improve their perIormance to a CGPA oI at least 3.0 at the
end oI that semester. Candidates who Iail to raise their CGPA
to 3.0 in the semester in which they are granted probation-
ary status will be terminated and will not continue with the
programme oI study. Candidates will not be given probation-
ary status Ior two consecutive semesters during their period
oI study.
11.4.3 Candidates are allowed to repeat any course. A course with
a grade E is considered in the calculation oI the SGPA and
CGPA until the candidates reapeat and pass the course. For
repeat courses, the fnal grade will be calculated towards
the overall grade point oI the programme even iI the grade
obtained is lower than that obtained previously.
11.5 QualiIying Examinations
11.5.1 For certain programmes, aIter completion oI the required
number oI units to qualiIy Ior the award oI the degree, can-
didates are required to take and pass the qualiIying exami-
nation to become eligible Ior the conIerment oI the degree
Ior the master`s programme or to proceed to the Doctor oI
Philosophy level. Candidates who have yet to complete the
required number oI units will not be allowed to take this
examination. Candidates are allowed to take the qualiIy-
ing examination twice only. For purposes oI the qualiIying
examination, the period oI break between semesters will be
calculated as part oI the previous semester.
11.5.2 A QualiIying Examination Sub-Committee will be
set up on an ad-hoc basis to manage all work and
issues related to the examination. The fve (5)
members oI this committee, including a chairman,
will be appointed by the dean oI the relevant
Iaculty based on their respective expertise. The
Iunctions oI this committee are to:
a) Prepare examination questions and mark the
answer scripts;
b) Prepare a report Ior the Director oI the Centre
Ior Graduate Management on the perIormance oI
the candidates in the examination to be Iorwarded
to the Graduate Examination Committee.
12. Award oI Degree
The master`s or Doctor oI Philosophy degree may be awarded to candi
dates who have:
12.1 Fulflled all requirements under the Post-Graduate Studies Act;
12.2 Fulflled all requirements under the Post-Graduate Studies
Regulations;
12.3 Been recommended to be conIerred the degree by the Graduate
Examination Committee with the endorsement oI the Senate;
12.4 Settled all outstanding payments.
13. DeIerment oI Examination
13.1 Consideration Ior DeIerment oI Examinations
13.1.1 Candidates who are unwell or who Iace other
disturbances during examinations may apply to the
Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Management to
postpone the taking oI the examinations. Applications to
postpone the examination Ior a course must be made
within 48 hours aIter the examination is held.
13.1.2 Applications to deIer the taking oI semester
examinations on medical grounds must be submitted
together with certifcation Irom a doctor treating the
cadidate, who should be a government doctor, University
medical oIfcer or a panel doctor oI the University only.
Applications made on other grounds are subject to the
discretion oI the Iaculty. Are placement examination may
be arranged based on the merits oI each case.
14. Appeals on Examination Results
14.1 Appeal to Review Course Assessment Results
14.1.1 An appeal to review the course assessment results must
be made in writing to the Director oI the Centre Ior
Graduate Management by the candidates within Iour (4)
weeks aIter the results are announced. Any appeal received
aIter this period will not be considered.
14.1.2 All appeals submitted must state the course or courses to
be reviewed.
14.1.3 A payment oI RM50.00 Ior each course to be reviewed
must be submitted together with the appeal. This
payment is not reIundable.
14.1.4 When an appeal is received, the Director oI the Centre
Ior Graduate Management will reIer it to the dean oI the
relevant Iaculty. The dean, aIter consulting the head oI
department, may appoint a panel oI examiners to
review the course assessment results.
14.1.5 The panel oI examiners must comprise the head oI
department, the original examiner oI the course and at
least one other examiner in the area concerned.
14.1.6 The recommendation oI the panel oI examiners will be
submitted to the Iaculty Ior consideration. The decision
oI the Iaculty on the results oI the review oI all courses
must be submitted Ior Senate approval beIore the
candidates are notifed oI changes, iI any.
14.1.7 All decisions made by the Iaculty under this provision
and endorsed by the Senate is fnal and no Iurther appeal
against the decision will be entertained.
14.2 Appeal to Resume Studies
14.2.1 Candidates who obtain a result oI Fail and Terminated`
because they have Iailed to Iulfl the terms to continue their
studies may submit an appeal against the said results.
14.2.2 Candidates who have Iailed and have been terminated Irom
resuming their post-graduate studies may appeal to continue
studying subject to the Iollowing conditions:
a) Improvement in the students` academic perIormance
(CGPA increases to at least 2.90).
b) The students are allowed to repeat courses to improve
the grades.
c) The students have the capability to obtain a CGPA oI
3.00 aIter repeating the relevant courses.
14.2.3 All appeals must be submitted to the Director oI the
Centre Ior Graduate Management within Iour (4) weeks
aIter the examination results have been oIfcially announced
together with a payment oI RM50.00 which is not reIund-
able. Any appeal received aIter the specifed period will not
be considered.
14.2.4 When an appeal is received, the Dean oI the Director Ior
Graduate Management will reIer it to the dean oI the relevant
Iaculty. The dean shall appoint an Appeal Committee to
deliberate on the appeal.
14.2.5 The Appeal Committee must comprise the chairperson oI the
relevant Iaculty`s Graduate Studies Committee as the chair-
person, the relevant head oI department and at least one
Iaculty member involved in the programme oI study oI the
candidate and the Registrar or his/her representative as the
secretary.
14.2.6 This committee is vested with the Iollowing powers:
a) To accept or reject an appeal;
b) To make a decision on all appeals that are deliberated
upon;
c) To make recommendations to the Iaculty about the
decision
reached on all appeals that have been considered and make
recommendations, iI any, on appeals that are rejected.
14.2.7 The recommendations oI the Iaculty on the appeals must
be sent to the Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate
Management to be Iorwarded to the Senate Ior
endorsement.
14.2.8 All decisions made by a Iaculty under this provision and
endorsed by the Senate are fnal and no Iurther appeal
will be entertained.
15. Terms Ior Repeating Coursework and Special Examinations
15.1 Repeating Coursework
Candidates who Iail courses registered on a compulsory basis are
required to repeat the said courses in the Iollowing semester.
15.2 Special Examinations
a) Candidates who have completed the units Ior purposes oI
being conIerred the degree are allowed to sit Ior a special
examination in their fnal semester in the University. This
special examination will be held within a period not
exceeding one (1) month aIter the results oI the frst
examination are announced.
b) Candidates involved in provision 15.2 (a) above are allowed
to take the examination only once Ior the courses Ior which
they have Iailed.
16. Termination oI Candidates
Candidates who are pursuing a programme may be terminated with the
approval oI the Senate at any time iI they are Iound to:
a. have breached the Post-Graduate Studies Act and Regulations;
b. have breached the laws oI the country;
c. have misbehaved or displayed bad behaviour;
d. have Iailed to maintain satisIactory progress in their studies;
e. be disabled mentally or physically;
I. have been involved in activities which are in breach oI the
Universities and University Colleges Act;
g. have contacted the external examiner to fnd out the results oI the
thesis assessment.
17. General
17.1 Unless otherwise provided, each application and appeal with regard
to the Act and Regulations made under this Act shall be submitted
to the Director oI the Centre Ior Graduate Management though the
Supervisor/Co-Supervisor/Chairperson oI Graduate Committee, Head
oI Department and the Dean oI the Faculty.
17.2 These regulations and their interpretation by the Senate Irom time to
time shall be in Iorce on all registered students on and aIter the date oI
enIorcement.
17.3 The Senate has the right to take appropriate action iI a candidate is
Iound to have Ialsifed inIormation regarding his/her candidature.
17.4 The Senate may allow such exemptions Irom these regulations as may
be deemed appropriate.
Made by the Senate oI Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia on 19 January 2005.
ReguIations Governing Thesis/Dissertation/Academic
Paper Writing Supervision and EvaIuation
1.1 The process oI selecting the members oI the Post-Graduate Committee
commences with the student identiIying a committee chairperson or main
supervisor
1.2 The student discusses the Iollowing with the proposed chairperson or
main supervisor:
a. To obtain initial agreement to chair the supervisory committee or to
be the main supervisor
b. To obtain initial views on appropriate committee members or other
supervisors. To have an initial discussion on the title and scope oI
study.
1.3 The student discusses and obtains the approval oI the head oI the
master`s/doctoral programme Ior the appropriateness oI the initial
proposals oI the chairperson/main supervisor/supervisor/members oI the
Post-Graduate Committee.
1.4 The student meets the chairperson/main supervisor/supervisor/members
oI the Post-Graduate Committee again to improve on the synopsis oI
the proposed dissertation/academic paper. This synopsis (not exceeding
three pages) must contain the Iollowing sub-topics:
a. Introduction
b. Problem statement
c. Literature review (involving at least fve (5) articles over the last fve
(5) years)
d. Objectives
e. Initial statement on methodology and data
1.5 The student flls the proposal Iorm and obtains the signature oI approval
oI the main supervisor/supervisor/members oI the Post-Graduate
Committee to be submitted to the Dean`s OIfce together with the edited
synopsis.
2. Time Frame Ior Establishing Post-Graduate Committee
2.1 For students on the Iull thesis track, the Supervisory Committee
must be proposed by the students not later than the end oI the
second semester oI study.
2.2 For students on the coursework and dissertation track, with the
advice oI the dean, the students must propose the Supervisory
Committee not later than the end oI the semester Iollowing the
semester oI passing the qualiIying examinations (Doctor oI
Philosophy in Economics).
2.3 The Supervisory Committee may be set up aIter the Doctor oI
Philosophy in Economics candidates pass the qualiIying
examination without waiting Ior the candidate to pass the
examination on area oI specialisation. However, the candidates
are not allowed to deIend their research proposal until they pass
the examination on area oI specialisation.
2.4 AIter passing the qualiIying or comprehensive examination, the
students will be accorded the status oI a doctoral candidate.
3. Number oI Members on the Post-Graduate Committee
3.1 The academic paper must be supervised by two (2) supervisors
(a main supervisor and a co-supervisor).
3.2 A master`s dissertation must be supervised by at least two (2)
supervisors (a main supervisor and a co-supervisor).
3.3 A doctoral thesis and dissertation must be supervised by at least
three (3) supervisors (a chairperson and at least two (2) committee
members).
4. Preparation and Examination oI Proposal Paper
4.1 Academic Paper (Master oI Economics): The proposal paper is
submitted to the main supervisor and co-supervisor.
4.2 Dissertation (Master`s): The proposal paper must be deIended in a
session attended by the dean, main and co-supervisors and members oI
the Centre oI Studies without Iormal assessment/examination.
4.3 Master`s Thesis and Doctoral Thesis/Dissertation: The proposal
paper must be deIended in a session attended by the dean, to the
members oI the Post-Graduate Committee, assessors and Iaculty
members. An additional assessor will be appointed by the dean to
make an assessment.
a. The chairperson oI the deIence session, assessors and
members oI the Post-Graduate Committee must make either
a pass or pass with modifcations/Iail decision.
b. The assessor must prepare written comments beIore the
deIence.
c. The chairperson oI the Post-Graduate Committee must
prepare an additional report that takes into account the oral
comments deemed relevant during the deIence session. This
additional report together with the written comments Irom
the assessor must be submitted to the Dean`s OIfce within
one (1) week Irom the date oI the deIence.
d. Students are given two (2) chances to deIend their proposal
paper.
e. The research proposal deIence must be made not later than
two (2) semesters aIter the establishment oI the Post-Gradu-
ate Committee. For students oI the Doctor oI Philosophy in
Economics, this provision is subject to the students having
passed the examination in the area oI study.
5. Monitoring oI Student Progress
5.1 The Post-Graduate Committee must meet at least once every
semester. Nonetheless, students may meet the chairperson and
any oI the members more Irequently.
5.2 At the end oI every semester, the chairperson oI the Post-Graduate
Committee must make a recommendation oI either pass and
continue study, pass with reminder, pass with warning or Iail and
terminated, according to the Iollowing guidelines:
a. II students have been given a warning once and their per-
Iormance continues to be unsatisIactory in the Iollowing
semester, they must be given the status oI pass with warning.
b. II students have been given two consecutive warnings and
their perIormance continues to be unsatisIactory in the
Iollowing semester, they will be given a Iail and terminated
status.
6. Viva and Correction oI Thesis/Dissertation
6.1 Students who prepare a thesis/dissertation must deIend the thesis/
dissertation in a viva session.
6.2 Apart Irom a written report Irom the appointed examiner, a
representative Irom the Dean`s OIfce (during the viva) must record
the oral comments and make it a requirement Ior correction. The
minutes and the report oI the examiner must become the guide
Ior corrections to be made by students.
6.3 The Post-Graduate Committee or the supervisor and main super-
visor must meet beIore the students submit the thesis/dissertation.
6.4 Students must prepare a checklist to clariIy that amendments have
been made based on the comments obtained either in writing or
orally during the viva.
6.5 Students must satisIactorily deIend the corrections made beIore
the members oI the Post-Graduate Committee or the supervisor
and main supervisor beIore submitting the fnal copy oI the thesis/
dissertation
9DUVLWL.LWD
Ahli 1awatankuasa Penerbitan Buku Panduan Siswazah
Fakulti Ekonomi dan Perniagaan
Sesi Akademik 2010-2011
Penasihat
Dekan Fakulti Ekonomi dan Perniagaan
Pengerusi
ProI. Madya Dr. Abdul Hamid JaaIar
Ahli 1awatankuasa Kerja
Pengerusi 1awatankuasa
ProI. Madya Dr. Mohd. Anuar Md. Amin
Ahli 1awatankuasa
ProI. Madya Dr. Abdul Hamid JaaIar
ProI. Madya Dr. Redzuan Othman
ProI. Madya Ahmad Mohd YusoI
ProI. Madya Dr. Azhar Ahmad
Dr. Rozita Amiruddin
Dr. Zaleha Abdul Shukor
Urusetia
Encik Shahrudin Mohd. Nor
Pn. Nurul Hermilia Hamili
Dengan Kerjasama
Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian Ekonomi
Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian Perakaunan
Pusat Pengajian Pengurusan Perniagaan
Penolong PendaItar Kanan
Reka Bentuk dan Foto
Pusat Penerbitan dan Percetakan, UKM

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