PHYS 2011 Final Friday, May 13, 2011 Time: 2 hours

Name: _____________________________________
Instructions This is a closed book test. A letter-size formulae sheet and scratch paper are allowed. A calculator is allowed. In approximate calculations, you may use g = 10 m/s2. Good luck! Physical constants: Gravitational constant: G = 6.67x10-11 N m2/kg2 Mass of the Earth: ME = 5.98x1024 kg Mass of the Moon: MM = 7.34x1022 kg Radius of the Earth RE = 6400 km Radius of the Moon RM = 1700 km Avogadro constant: NA = 6.02x1023 mol-1 Universal gas constant: R = 8.31 J/(mol K) Boltzmann constant: k = 1.381x10-23 J/K Specific heat of water: c = 4190 J/(kg K) Density of water: = 1000 kg/m3 Latent heat of fusion of water: L = 333 kJ/kg Moments of inertia: Ring or a hollow cylinder of radius R: I=mR2 Solid disk of radius R: I=1/2 mR2 Solid sphere of radius R: I=2/5 mR2 Solid rod of length L about its center of mass: I=1/12 mL2

Please, do not turn over until instructed

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1. A ring of mass m=0.5 kg is rolling without slipping with linear velocity v=1 m/s on a horizontal surface. It rolls onto an inclined surface, which is set at an angle =30 to the horizontal. What height will it reach?

KE = mv2 + I2 = mv2 + mR2 (v2/R2) = mv2 PE = mgh mv2 = mgh h = v2/g = 11/9.8 = 0.1 m.

2. A merry-go-round is a solid disk of radius 1 m and mass 100 kg, which is initially at rest. A person starts pushing at its edge with a force F = 50 N. Through which angle will the merri-go-round rotate after 3 seconds?

= F R (torque) = I = FR/I (angular acceleration) = 0 + 0t + t2 = t2 = FRt2/( mR2) = Ft2/(mR) = 4.5 rad = 258.

3. A block of mass 10 kg rests on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction is 0.51. A string is attached to the block and a horizontal force T is applied. At t=0, the force is T=0 and then the force gradually increases with time. Draw a graph of the magnitude of the friction force Ffr against tension T. Dont forget to indicate the scales.

Ffr T 50 N

mg = 0.51*9.8*10 = 50 N 50 N T

4. The radius of the Moons orbit around the Earth is 380,000 km. Find the speed of the Moon on its orbit.

F = G MEMM / R2 = MM v2 /R

(gravity force is the centripetal force).

v2 = G ME /R (same as for a satellite in an orbit of radius R) v = 1000 m/s.

5. An object weighs two times more in air than it does in water. What is the density of the object? mg = 2 (mg - wgV) gV = 2 (gV - wgV) = 2w = 2000 kg/m3. (the object loses 1000 kg/m3 when in water).

6. A city of Thirstville maintains the gauge pressure in its water mains at P1 = 5 atm (gauge means the pressure in excess of atmospheric pressure). At what maximum speed could the water exit the tap on a ground floor of a Thirstville building? The taps of the ground floor are located 4 m above the main pipe. The velocity of water in the water main is negligible. Bernoullis equation: v12 + gh1 + P1 = v22 + gh2 + P2 , where 1 is in the main pipe and 2 is in the tap. Velocity and height at 1 are zero. P1 - P2 = v22 + gh2 v22 = ((P1 - P2) - gh2) / ( ) , where P1 P2 = P1 Patm = 5 atm. v2 = 30 m/s.

7. A compressor pumps air (at atmospheric pressure 1 atm =102 kPa) into a 12 L scuba tank until the pressure reaches 200 atm. Assuming that the air is pumped slowly, so that the temperature of the gas inside the tank is always the same as the temperature of the ambient air, a) Find the volume of air that was pumped into the tank. b) Find the work done by the compressor. c) Plot the process on a P-V diagram. The process is isothermal (T=const), so P1V1 = P2V2. a) V1 = V2P2/P1 = 12 L (200 atm / 1atm) = 2400 L = 2.4 m3. b) W = integral (P*dV) = nRT ln(V2/V1) = P2V2 ln(V2/V1) W = -1.3x106 J c) An isothermal process is a hyperbola on a P-V diagram.

8. A pot of water is being heated on a stove, which supplies heat to the pot at a constant rate. The graph below shows the temperature of water as a function of time. At t=200 seconds, the water starts to boil. How long will it take for all of the water to evaporate? Neglect heat losses by the pot. Temperature (C) (seconds) The constant rate of heat supply is dQ/dt = Q/t. Heat given during phase 1: Q1 = cmT Heat given to evaporate: Q2 = Lm Q1/t1 = Q2/t2 t2 = (mLt1) / (cmT) = (Lt1) / (cT) t2 = 159 s.

Time (seconds)

9. A toy rocket of mass M=100 g quickly burns 20 g of fuel, which is ejected at a speed of u=100 m/s. The rocket is in free flight after that. Find the maximum height that the rocket can reach. The momentum of the rocket equals the momentum of the ejected fuel. MV = mu V = mu/M = 0.020*100/0.100 = 20 m/s. After that, it is a projectile motion with initial velocity V: MgH = MV2 H = V2/(2g) = 20 m.