Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Crime Laboratories - Police Department - Private/Fee for Service Laboratory - Government Laboratory
Crime Lab
Forensic Chemistry
Physical Evidence
Forensic Chemistry
Chief of Forensic Chemistry (Ph.D)
Evidence Registration
Registrars (3)
Toxicology
Supervisor
Drug
Supervisor Asst. Supervisor (1) Analysts (9)
Physical Evidence
Chief of Physical Evidence (Ph.D)
Evidence Registration
Registrars (2)
Trace Evidence
Supervisor (M.S.)
Forensic Biology
Supervisor (Ph.D.)
Analysts (5)
Analysts (5)
Forensic Biologist
Assist investigative agencies in evaluating evidence for screening/collection Serological analysis of evidence items DNA analysis of evidence items to determine the possible source Provide statistical weight to any match Present findings in court
Individualization
describe qualities that are unique to a particular item in a class
wear marks on tires genetic markers
1:1,000,000
buffer
NEG
POS
NEG
NEG
vWA
1 2 3 4
Parentage
Paternity
Missing person/Body ID
Sample collection
skin cells blood
DNA
Suspects profile
DNA
Victims profile
Source Attribution
Biological Evidence DNA Profile
Same or Different
Known Subject
DNA Profile
Comparisons to Knowns
Victim(s) & Suspect(s) Consensual sexual partners Family members, roommates, etc. Investigators, emergency health personnel Proxies for victim if no body, decomposition
Parents Children
Biological Evidence
Known Subject
Known Subject
Biological Evidence
Known Subject
Mixtures in SA Samples
Victim
Non-Victim 10, 14 31, 31.2 16,16
Paternity
Biological Father 12 or 16
28
Paternity
Alleged Father Biological Father 12 or 16
28
Paternity
Alleged Father 12 or 16 Biological Father
28
Power of discrimination
13 loci 7 to 22 alleles per locus Loci segregate independently during meiosis Random match probability
Typical RMP = 1 in 1.2 quadrillion
What would be entered into a DNA database for searching: 16,17 17,18 21,22 12,14 28,30 14,16 12,13 11,14 9,9 9,11 6,6 8,8 10,10
Locus D3S1358 VWA FGA D8S1179 D21S11 D18S51 D5S818 D13S317 D7S820 D16S539 THO1 TPOX CSF1PO
allele 16 17 21 12 28 14 12 11 9 9 6 8 10
value 0.2533 0.2815 0.1854 0.1854 0.1589 0.1374 0.3841 0.3394 0.1772 0.1126 0.2318 0.5348 0.2169
allele 17 18 22 14 30 16 13 14 11
value 0.2152 0.2003 0.2185 0.1656 0.2782 0.1391 0.1407 0.0480 0.3212
1 in 9.17 8.87 12.35 16.29 11.31 26.18 9.25 30.69 31.85 13.8 18.62 3.50 21.28
Combined 9.17 81 1005 16,364 185,073 4,845,217 44,818,259 1.38 x 109 4.38 x 1010 6.05 x 1011 1.13 x 1013 3.94 x 1013 8.37 x 1014 P R O D U C T R U L E
The Random Match Probability for this profile in the U.S. Caucasian population is 1 in 837 trillion (1012)
Jurys conclusion
Its the Defendants blood
16024
16365
73
340
HV1
16024
HV2
576
22 tRNAs 2 rRNAs
cyt b
1/16,569
13 genes
16,569 bp
Light (L) strand
OL C Y S1 G COIII ATP6 ATP8 K COII D
Q A N
ND4L R ND3
COI
Figure 10.1, J.M. Butler (2005) Forensic DNA Typing, 2nd Edition 2005 Elsevier Academic Press
16093
16129
Differences are reported by the position and the nucleotide change (compared to the rCRS)
Sample Q 16093C 16129A Sample K 16093C 16129A
Adapted from Figure 10.8, J.M. Butler (2005) Forensic DNA Typing, 2nd Edition 2005 Elsevier Academic Press
Advantage
Male-specific amplification (can avoid differential extraction to separate sperm and epithelial cells) Male children can be tied to fathers in motherless paternity cases Patrilineal male relatives may be used for reference samples Lack of recombination enables comparison of male individuals separated by large periods of time Surnames usually retained by males; can make links where paper trail is limited
Figure A7.1, J.M. Butler (2005) Forensic DNA Typing, 2nd Edition 2005 Elsevier Academic Press
Figure A7.2, J.M. Butler (2005) Forensic DNA Typing, 2nd Edition 2005 Elsevier Academic Press
Sequencing is necessary to certify that every position matches between a question and a known
Strange cases
Boy allegedly sexually assaulted by dog Possible finger in soda can Headless/Footless guy (months apart) Cinderfella
Interesting cases
Couple discovers woman face down on the floor of a model home in McKinney Woman had been stabbed 27 times Missing a Rolex watch and ring Witness observes white Ford Mustang around time of assault
Scenario Crime of passion No suspects Submitted over 100 evidence items Fingernail clippings Swabbings of possible blood from kitchen sink, miniblinds, door knobs and locks, blood trail The p-trap and garbage disposal Swabbing of bite marks on body Elimination standards (15) from everyone who had access to the model home
State Level
SDIS
(Austin, Texas)
SDIS
(Richmond, Virginia)
LDIS (SWIFS)
LDIS (Roanoke)
LDIS (Norfolk)
Local Level
LDIS (UNTHSC) LDIS (Fairfax)
June 14, 2005 5:00am Victim #2 20 yr old female; Victim #3 21 yr old female (CSI girls) Victim #2 - Awoken by suspect with shotgun Suspect wearing blue bandana Asked for money Victim #3 asleep in other room; awoken by suspect; sent to bathroom Victim #2 forced to perform oral sex Victim #3 forced to perform oral sex Forced to rinse mouth with mouthwash; Victim spits on shirt on way to bathroom Victims swabbed mouths; bagged hands while waiting for police DNA on shirt mixture; Y-STRs
November 3, 2005 4:00am Victim #4 21 yr old female Awoken by suspect with shotgun Asked for money Vaginally and orally assaulted Forced to spit into toilet Forced to drive suspect to ATM Vaginally and orally assaulted a second time Forced to sit in the bathtub Suspect left ammunition belt at scene Kit neg.; DNA on belt partial unknown male profile
May 15, 2006 3:30am Victim #5 26 yr old female Suspect entered through dog door Awoke to find suspect in bedroom Suspect said had knife Forced to drive to ATM and withdraw $1000 Returned to residence; suspect had gun Vaginally assaulted Forced to shower DNA of vaginal swab unknown male profile
April 24, 2007 hit profile entered by Garland DPS Frisco woman raped Bound her hands and duct taped mouth Pillow on her face and stabbed her 3 times Victim played dead and attempted to get to the front door Suspect caught her and stabbed her 2 more times
March 27, 2008 Suspect has been arrested attempting to rob ATM Shotgun in his possession DNA performed on jail jumpsuit mixture of DNA from 2 males and 1 female gloves from car match female on jumpsuit March 31, 2008 Obtain soda bottles from suspects trash partial profile; Match Sting operation to obtain DNA from cousin pen no DNA profile obtained Envelope partial profile; NO Match
April 3, 2008 Submit buccal swab from suspect DNA profile matches unknown male Conservative RMP statistic 1 in 14.4 quadrillion (1 in population of 2 million earths)
Transfusion effect
Blood following ER transfusion
Missing Person
Missing Person
Biological Parents
Missing Person
15,X Biological Parents & 16,X Alleged Mother 16,X & 16,X 19,X & 25,X
Alleged Father
Missing Person
15,X Biological Parents & 16,X Alleged Mother 16,X & 16,X 19,X & 25,X
Alleged Father
Advantages
Simple Makes prosecutors happy
Disadvantages
Identity cant be proven No uniform generally accepted standard Not all DNA profiles are good enough
mtDNA polymorphisms