Concrete

The sufficient thickness for cohesive capping material required when sad was used as fill material was 150mm - The max. temp. of concrete that can be poured into a concrete structure is 32 o c, and the min. temp. is 10o c - Max atmospheric air temp. allowed for pouring 5o c min. for cold weather and 33o c max. for hot weather - Liquid limit & plastic limit tests required When % pass the # 200 sieve is 16% When % pass the #40 sieve is 15% - The acceptable temp. of asphalt mix prior to and during placing and compaction shall be 139o to 163o c Structure concrete Non-structure concrete All reinforced concrete including Unreinforced concrete of no concrete with min. significant structure value reinforcement for temp. and shrinkage control Example The 28 day design compressive Lean concrete for sub-slabs the strength (ASTM C39)shall be 28 minimum 28 day design MPa (4000 psi) and 35 MPa compressive strength (ASTM (5000psi) C39) shall be 14MPa (2000 psi) More than 4000 psi design compressive strength can be used in the design of reinforced concrete structures provided that the crushing compressive strength will satisfy the requirement of ch. 5 of the ACI318 The cement content will not exceed 400kg/m3 The water cement ratio will not exceed 0.4 Area subjected to Min. thickness of Comp. reinforcement concrete (min. reinforcement) Spills, wash water, firewater 100 mm 150 x 150 MW9 x MW9 and sidewalk welded wire fabric Vehicular trafic 150 mm 150 x 150 MW18.7 x Mw18.7 - Note: 150 x 150 spacing bet. The reinforcement MW9 ( 9 mm2) is the cross sectional area of the rebar - A clear space of 2 ft. shall be maintained on all sides of all excavation. - The min clear distance of anchor bolts or anchor bolts sleeves from the edge of concrete shall be 100 mm -

Shoring shall be installed or sides shall be sloped or benched when the depth of excavation reaches 1.2 m Plant scales shall be calibrated four times a year and shall be certified by an independent laboratory Concrete mixing water shall have no more than 500 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS). Concrete curing water shall not have more than 1000 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS) Concrete can be dropped freely at a height of one meter Max slope of chutes used in pouring concrete is 1:2 ( vertical to horizontal ) and min. slope is 1:3 The purpose of curing is to maintain the amount of water in the concrete mix and minimize hairline cracks 210/25 mean when related to concrete that 210 is the compressive strength in kg/cm2 25 is the maximum size of aggregate Advantage of reducing water in cement Increased strength Increased water tightness Lower absorption Increased resistance to weathering Better bond between concrete and reinforcement