Preface

(a)

Objective: As a part of course curriculum in this trimester the industrial visit was
organized. The industrial visit was organized to mangal textiles. The main objective of draft is to get knowledge out of industrial visit, to learn how the textile unit work. More or less it will be helpful in our future carriers. It also gives information about how the manufacturing unit works.

(b)

Scope: The scope of the project report talks about history, current position and the
expected future of the company. The reader will come to know about the textile industry and manufacturing process of mangal textile.

(c)

Methodology:
Primary Source: The primary source of our project report is that we collected information at time of our industrial visit. We collected information about the manufacturing process of company, machines and their capacity, etc. Secondary Source The secondary source of our project report is information from internet and the website of mangal textile which provided required information to prepare our project report.

Content page

INDEX
Contents INTRODUCTION .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Background of industry ..............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. History of MANGAL TEXTILES INDIA PVT. LTD. ..........Error! Bookmark not defined. Introduction to Founding Members ...........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Vision & Mission Of the Company : .........................................Error! Bookmark not defined. ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN ....................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Organizational Structure ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Top Management........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Departmentalization and its basis...............................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Operations ......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Plant location ..............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Product Portfolio ........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Production Process .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Quality Control ...........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. MARKETING................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4PS of Marketing ......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Target Customer .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Competitors ................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Exports .......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Human Resource ............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Personal Policies ........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Recruitment ................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Training and Development .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. FINANCE ......................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Capital structure .........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Basic Ratios ................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. ACHIEVEMENTS ........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

CONCLUSION ..............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................................... 38 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ..................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Background of industry
Overview of industry at global level:
Introduction:

The term "Industrial Revolution" describes the period in which there was a gradual shift of improving the process of manufacturing and distributing goods. This started in 1790, and continued in to the 1830s.New innovation took place in manufacturing units, spinning wheels, looms, etc. Textile industry has various stages from a historical perspective .Initially the textile industry was a domestic small-scale industry, to the status of its current position. The cottage stage was the first stage in its history where textiles were produced on a domestic basis. During this period cloth was made from materials including wool, flax and cotton. The material depended on the area where the cloth was being produced, and the time they were being made. Due to industrial revolution the cloth was manufactured more quickly and in organised manner. Clothing manufactured during the Industrial Revolution formed a big part of the exports made by Great Britain. They accounted for almost 25% of the total exports made at that time, doubling in the period between 1701 and 1770. . However, wool was the major export item at this point of time. Today, modern techniques, electronics and innovation have led to a competitive, low-priced textile industry offering almost any type of cloth or design a person could desire. China is one of dominant textile country because of its cheap labour and improved technology.

Global textile
The global textile industry has faced much competition and opportunities .the new machines and improvement in technology has increased its share to more than $400 billion. Predictors have predicted that it will grow more than 25 to 30 percent in the upcoming years. And Asia will be the largest market.

Overview of Indian textile industry

The textiles chain falls into distinct segments: the production of raw materials (natural and man-made fibres); the manufacture of yarn and fabric; the making of clothing, and the Retailing of the finished items. The Indian textile industry is one the largest and oldest sectors in the country and among the most important in the economy in terms of output, investment and employment. The sector employs nearly 35 million people and after agriculture, is the second-highest employer in the country. It accounts for around 4% of Gross Domestic Product, 14% of industrial production, 9% of excise collections, and 18% of employment in the industrial sector, and 16% of the countrys total exports earnings. With direct contact to the rural economy and the agriculture sector, it has been estimated that one of every six households in the country depends on this sector, either directly or indirectly, for its livelihood. A strong raw material production base, a vast pool of skilled and unskilled personnel, cheap labour, good export potential and low import content are some of the salient features of the Indian textile industry. This is a traditional, well-established industry, enjoying considerable demand in the domestic as well as global markets.

Comparison between global textile industry and Indian textile industry

The global textile industry is estimated to be worth about US$ 4,395 billion. The US market is the largest, estimated to be growing at 5% per year, and in combination with the EU nations, accounts for 64% of clothing consumption. The Indian textile industry is valued at US$ 36 billion. It exports totalling is US$ 17 billion in 2005-2006. At the global level, Indias textile exports account for just 4.72% of global textile and clothing exports. The export market includes a wide range of items including cotton yarn
and fabrics, man-made yarn and fabrics, wool and silk fabrics, made-ups and a variety of

garments.

Facts of Indian textile industry:

India is the largest exporter of yarn in the international market and has a share of 25% in world cotton yarn exports India accounts for 12% of the worlds production of textile fibres and yarn

In terms of spindleage, the Indian textile industry is ranked second, after China, and accounts for 23% of the worlds spindle capacity Around 6% of global rotor capacity is in India The country has the highest loom capacity, including handlooms, with a share of 61% in world loomage

Division of textile industry:

Cotton Textiles Silk Textiles Woollen Textiles Readymade Garments Hand-crafted Textiles The Sericulture and Silk Sector

Strength of Indian textile industry

Cheap labour force Entrepreneurial and managerial skills Large market at domestic level Immense contribution in export of country Huge production capacity

Weakness of Indian textile industry

Outdated technology. Unorganized sectors. Production cost is more than other countries. Lack of knowledge in labours.

Overview of Gujarat textile industry

The textile industry of Gujarat plays important role when comes to contribution in textile market. The textile industries of Gujarat have glorious history since British era. Ahmedabad, the biggest city of Gujarat is also denoted to as Manchester of the East and Denim capital of India. As much as 6 percent to the industrial production of the state is contributed by textile industries. Surat is considered the strongest base for polyester related products in the country.

Significant facts about Gujarats textile industry

Cotton: Largest producer (35 %) and exporter (60%) Denim Production: 3rd largest in the World and largest in India (65-70%). Multihead embroidery machines: Largest number in the world (over 40,000) installed in last 3 years (Surat) Over 24% to 28% of fixed investment, production value and employment of Small Scale Industries (SSI) are from textiles sector. Presence of textile-related academic institutes cater to the manpower requirement of this highly labour intensive industry Technical textiles is a key emerging area with over 860 units in Gujarat (as per Government of Gujarats survey report) Surat is Indias strongest base for synthetic fabrics

History of the mangal textiles:

The industry was started in 1970. It has been close to four decades since the industry has been started. It was started with the visionary approach and due emphasis on technique and cutting- edge technology. The industry is established by the family members itself i.e SEKHANIS. Today the company has completed its successful 31 years as one of the finest manufacturers of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The company has the fixed assets amounting more than 20 crores (approx). For the capital the political i.e. government support is in terms of loans, and even bank loans. Thus, it has bank finance. For the marketing of the company, the company participates in various exhibitions happening in Delhi, Mumbai, and outside India.

Introduction to founding members:

The founding member of mangal textiles are

Mr Govindram sekhani: - He was the main founder of the MANGAL TEXTILES. He

played a crucial role in growth and development of company.

Babulal sekhani, Navratan sekhani, Prakash sekhani, Motilal sekhani: These 4 are co-founder and sons of Mr Govindram sekhani .They took mangal textile to immense heights. Mr. RINISH SEKHANI- Director, EX-IM manager, MBA Mr. JITENDRA- Chief Executive Officer of the company (CEO) Mr. RISHABH - Hold on entire accounts section.

VISION AND MISSION OF COMPANY:

To supply quality fabric and services to garment manufacturers, designers, stores and to other textile manufacturers to fulfil the larger interest of our customers. In future there would be much requirement of fabric and India would be able to capture the first position. The company's over 1000 employees are guided by the vision to be ''best in the manner in which we operate, best in the products we deliver, and best in our value system and ethics Mangal textiles continuously modifies its production process to produce the best and enhance flexibility on usage of cotton.

WHAT IS ORGANIZING?

It is defined as arranging and structuring work to accomplish organizational goals. Its an important process without it managers cant achieve success. ORGANISATIONAL DESIGN Organizational design means creating or changing the organizations structure. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE It is the formal arrangement of jobs within an organisation. It has six key elements: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Work specialization Departmentalization Chain of command Span of control Centralization and Decentralisation Formalization

Types of departments Functional departmentalization:

Geographical departmentalization:

Product departmentalization:

Process departmentalization:

Customer departmentalization:

Organizational design

Upper Level
Managing director

Middle Level

Departmental Managers

Bottom Level
1. Top Level of Management

Supervisor and workers

It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions. The role of the top management can be summarized as follows a. Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise. b. It issues necessary instructions for preparation of department budgets, procedures, schedules etc. c. It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise. d. It appoints the executive for middle level i.e. departmental managers.

2. Middle Level of Management

The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level. They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle level management. Their role can be emphasized as a. They execute the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management. b. They make plans for the sub-units of the organization. c. They participate in employment & training of lower level management. d. They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level.

3. Lower Level of Management

Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management. It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc. According to R.C. Davis, Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be largely with personal oversight and direction of operative employees. In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function of management. Their activities include a. Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers. b. They guide and instruct workers for day to day activities. c. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production. d. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization.

Top management

Mr.Prakash Sekhani

Managing Director - Mangal Textile Mills (I) Pvt Ltd. The CEO and directors are the part of the top management. The mangal textiles follows centralised structure thus the authority lies with the top management. They are the Representatives of the Share-holders and have to work according to the provisions of the Companies Act. Many other family members are there in top managements who looks after the working of industry.

Departmentalization and its basis

Mangal textile works according to process departmentalization

The Unprocessed cotton

Bleach fabrics

Printing

Plain dying

Finishing

Unprocessed cotton: - there is unprocessed cotton work is done on it to make it

processed mainly cotton comes from Tamilnadu.

Bleaching: - After the cotton is processed the next process is to bleach cotton to make it
pure and to remove impurities. This process is also called scouring. Scouring process is done

in the machine named CBR (continue bleaching range).

Printing:-after bleaching the process of printing is done on cloth. There are various
machines which do the process of printing .various sample designs are prepared and the suitable to customer is finally designed on cloth.

Dying: - The dying process deals with colouring the cloth with various colours .

Finishing:-the last and final process is finishing after that the cloth is ready

Operations

Plant location
The plant location should be decided so that cost of production reduces and other facilities are available to the manufacturing plant. The proper facilities lead to the expansion of manufacturing unit The other things should be kept in mind are:There should be proper market area where all the products and raw materials are easily available, transportation cost reduces, should be convenient for the customer to get the product. It should be seen that plant has all modes of transportation i.e. rail, roadways and waterway. All the utilities should be available to the plant. There should be proper power supply, it should be convenient for the labours to come to the plant. There should be proper facilities for disposal of waste, proper land availability should be there for the plant.

Plant location of mangal textiles:

The mangal textile is located in phase-2, vatva,ahmedabad. The plant fulfils all the basic requirements for good plant. It has proper disposal facilities, proper utilities; it leads to expansion of unit and market strategies increases.

Product portfolio

DYEING:

Dyeing is the process of imparting colours to textile material through a dye (colour). Dyes are obtained from flowers, nuts, berries and other forms of vegetables and plants as well as from animal and mineral sources. These are known as natural dyes. The other class of dyes is known as synthetic dyes. These are based on a particular type of chemical composition. Some of these dyes are- Acid (Anionic) dyes, Basic (Cationic) dyes, Neutral- Premetalized dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, pigment dyes etc. For most of the thousands of years in past, dyeing has been used by humans to decorate clothing, or fabrics for other uses, the primary source of dye has been nature, from animals or plants. In the last 150 years, humans have achieved a broader range of colours by producing artificial dyes. Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fibre and at different stages of the textile production process.

PRINTING

Applying coloured patterns and designs to decorate a finished fabric is called 'Printing'. In a proper printed fabric, the colour is affixed to the fibre, so that it may not be affected by washing and friction. Whether a fabric is dyed or printed can be known by examining the outline of the design. On a printed fabric, the outline of a design is sharply defined on the outer side. The design generally does not penetrate to the back of the cloth. However, the design may show up on the reverse side of transparently thin fabrics. These fabrics may be confused with the woven designs where yarn dyed warp and filling are used. If the design is printed on such a fabric, the yarns will show some areas on which colour is not equally distributed For cotton printing vat and reactive dyes are generally used. Silk is usually printed with acid colours. Wool is printed with acid or chrome dyes but before printing it is treated with chlorine to make it more receptive to colours. Manmade fibres are generally printed with disperse and cationic dyes.

Methods of Printing
three different approaches or techniques are prevalent for printing colour on a fabric: Direct, Discharge and Resist

Direct printing
it is the most common approach to apply a colour pattern on fabric. It can be done on white or a coloured fabric. If done on coloured fabric, it is known as overprinting

Discharge printing
in this approach, the fabric is dyed in piece and then it is printed with a chemical that destroys the colour in the designed areas

Resist Printing
in this technique, a resist paste is imprinted on the fabric and then it is dyed. The dye affects only those parts that are not covered by the resist paste. After dyeing, the resist paste is removed leaving a pattern on a dark background.

Knits

Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or yarn into cloth (compare to weaving, crochet). Similar to crochet, knitting consists of loops pulled through other loops; knitting differs from crochet in that multiple loops are "active". The active loops are held on a knitting needle until another loop can be passed through them. There are two varieties of knitting: weft knitting and warp knitting. A weft-knitted fabric consists of horizontal, parallel courses of yarn and requires only a single yarn. By contrast, warp knitting requires one yarn for every stitch in the row (course); these yarns make vertical parallel Wales. Warp knitting is resistant to runs, and is common in lingerie fabric such as tricot. Warp knitting is generally done by machine, whereas weft knitting may be done by machine or by hand. Knitting machines use a different mechanical system to produce results nearly identical to those produced by hand-knitting.

EMBROIDERY

Embroidery is the art of decorating fabric or other materials with needle and thread or yarn Embroidery may also incorporate other materials such as metal strips, pearls, beads, quills, and sequins. Embroidery is most often recommended for caps, hats, coats, blankets, dress shirts, denim, stockings, and golf shirts. Embroidery is available with a wide variety of thread or yarn colour. A characteristic of embroidery is that the basic techniques or stitches of the earliest work chain stitch, buttonhole or blanket stitch ,running stitch, satin stitch, cross stitchremain the fundamental techniques of hand embroidery today. Machine embroidery, arising in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, mimics hand embroidery, especially in the use of chain stitches, but the "satin stitch" and hemming stitches of machine work rely on the use of multiple threads and resemble hand work in their appearance, not their construction.

DIGITAL PRINTS

Textile printing

is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fibre, so as to resist washing and friction. Textile printing is related to dyeing but, whereas in dyeing proper the whole fabric is uniformly covered with one colour, in printing one or more colours are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns. In printing, wooden blocks, stencils, engraved plates, rollers, or silkscreen is used to place colours on the fabric. Colorants used in printing contain dyes thickened to prevent the colour from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of the pattern or design.

Traditional textile printing techniques may be broadly categorised into four styles:

Direct printing, in which colorants containing dyes, thickeners, and the mordant or substances necessary for fixing the colour on the cloth are printed in the desired pattern The printing of a mordant in the desired pattern prior to dyeing cloth; the colour adheres only where the mordant was printed. Resist dyeing, in which a wax or other substance is printed onto fabric which is subsequently dyed. The waxed areas do not accept the dye, leaving uncoloured patterns against a coloured ground. Discharge printing, in which a bleaching agent is printed onto previously dyed fabrics to remove some or the entire colour.

PRODUCTION PROCESS The production process in mangal textile

Fabric yarn

Grey cloth

Bleach

Dyeing

Printing

Garment

Touch up

 Industry does processing on the plain grey fabric to make it final garment. Company starts its production from grey fabric it is provided by customer According to the order received they put fibre into sheering machine to lose the threads through the blades of machine After that bleaching is done to remove impurities present in cloth Chemical Padding process is done after that. The dozing system has caustic, peroxide for whitening and steamed at 110 C. After every process hot washing is done.

The next step is dyeing. The dyeing is not done on white cloth. Rotary Printing Machine is new innovation in printing. It has 7 rolls in it and has capacity of printing 12 colours on fabric. First designs are decided on computer Digital Printings one of the greatest innovations in textile industry. Computer is attached to digital printing machine. This machine is expensive and its Price is 10x than normal garment. It is only available in mangal textile

There are almost 12 machines for printing. Azer Machine is for colour fixation. In colour fixation, steaming and polymerization is done. Again bleaching is done then it is dried in a Dryer. For final finishing Compact Machine is there. Width, softness are adjusted in this machine. At last the Product is ready to sale.

Quality control
Mangal textiles is one of renowned industry. it takes care of its machines and utilizes in such a way that quality remains up to the level. To maintain quality, the machines are taken care off and are serviced regularly .its batter to maintain its machines because if production process is shut down it would incur heavy loss. Utmost care is taken for the following quality parameters:1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. AZO FREE SKILLED LABOUR COLOUR FASTNESS RESIDUAL SHRINKAGE LIGHT FASTNESS ECO FRIENDLINESS. PH CONTROL IN HOUSE LABORATORY TESTING WITH MODERN EQUIPMENTS

Marketing 4 ps of market:
Product: Product can be offered to the consumers in exchange of money. Product can be in
different forms like the service, physical product, person, place, idea, organization, event, experience, information; etc .The proper product should be given to the consumer so that his need is satisfied.

Price: The price is what a customer pays for the product. The price is very important
important factor because it determines the company's profit and hence, survival. Product should be given at proper prices so that customer is interested in buying the product.

Place: Place refers to providing the product at a place which is more suitable for consumers
to access. Place plays important role in the expansion of a business unit.

Promotion: represents all of the methods of communication that a marketer may use to
provide information to different parties about the product. Promotion comprises elements such as: advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. Advertising covers any communication that is paid for, from cinema commercials, radio and Internet advertisements through print media and billboards.

Target customers
Customers plays important role in growth of any business unit .It leads to growth of business unit .The same is case with mangal textiles they target the customer in same manner but they target in such a way that they have long term relations with them. There are around 500 customers.there 70 to 80 percent customers are permanent. 20 to 30 percent customers move back because of the changing rates. They have stock availability at any time to meet the requirements of customers.

Competitors of company
The mangal textiles is one of renowned industry it does not faces much competition still there are some competitors of the industry. The major competitors of the company are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Arvind mills Ahmedabad spinning and weaving ltd Birds jute and export Century textiles and industry Delhi cloth mills Fabindia Alok industries

EXPORTS

Beyond the boundaries of India, Sekhani Groups growth has taken it to many overseas destinations and seen it make many new conquests. The company exports to Us, France, Uk, germany, China ,etc It earns enough through its exports and made his brand name in exports. The company exports to various foreign countries. The companys top importers are wall mart, marks n spencers, j.c penny, etc.

Human resources
Personnel policies: it pays to workers on basis of output produced i.e. output wage
system. There is friendly environment among workers in industry, it works for 24 hours and there are different shifts or workers

Recruitment: the company directly has a contract with contractors and the contractors
bring workers to company. The contractors only provide incentives to workers and pay salary to them .thus how they recruit workers with the help of contractors.

Training and development: they provide various training to their workers for their
development and for the development of company. The workers are also taken to various seminars and also given house training.

Finance

Capital structure: the company raises its capital from profit ploughing back of profit.
And through other sources which includes loans and advances. But they try if they can raise finance through their own capital which reduces the burden on them.

Liquidity ratios:
LIQUIDITY RATIOS 1. Current Ratio = Current Asset Current Liability It tests the organizations ability to meet the short term obligations 2. Quick Ratio = Current Asset- Inventories Current Liability

It tests the liquidity more accurately when inventories turn over slowly or are difficult to sell. LEVERAGE RATIOS Total Debt Total Asset The higher the ratio the more leveraged the organization. 4. Interest Coverage Ratio= Profit before interest and taxes Total Interest Charges It Measures how far profits can decline before the organization is unable to meet its interest expenses. PROFITABILITY RATIOS Net Profit after tax Total Sales It identifies profit various products are generating. 6. Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit after tax Total asset 5. Net Profit Ratio (%) = 3. Debt-Equity Ratio =

 It measures efficiency of asset to generate profit. VALUATION RATIOS 7. Earnings per share = Total Earning No. of Shares It measures per head earning of shareholders, which helps to take decision. 8. Dividend per share = Sum of all dividends special dividends
Total number of outstanding shares

It measures average dividend given to the shareholder.

Social responsibility

Social responsibility means responsibility towards society. Mangal textiles have engaged into
various social activities, it works for sake of society.

The various social activities are :-

They conduct regular blood camps for the workers from redcross and prathma.

Another social work done at mangal textiles is they held on the medical checkups camp for the workers and even provide them with the appropriate medicines for themselves.

Award and achievements

Conclusion
According to my perception these industrial visit proved beneficial for me. The entire visit was very informative and developed our knowledge into Managerial aspects I learned so many things how to manage things on such a great scale, how to manage such a huge industry The thing which I liked the most was that they all were so down to earth whether it is managing director or its managers because of these quality only mangal textile is one of foremost textile industries in world I am sure these things will help me in my professional business carrier.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.infodev.org/en/Document.582.pdf http://business.mapsofindia.com/indiaindustry/textile.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embroidery http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_industry http://www.economywatch.com/business-andeconomy/textile-industry.html http://texmin.nic.in/ http://www.ibef.org/industry/textiles.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_printing#Digital_textil e_printing