Experiment

Objective : Analysis of gamma energy spectra with Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA).

Sources
Scope

iytay source:

Co6o

, Cr"'

ofExpt:

i) Set PMT voltage dial to around 480 ii) In MCA program, open new file. Set display size to 1024. iii) Put radioactive source (Cru') in front of PMT. Start data taking.
noise part of spectrum.

Set discriminator level to cut

iv) Record spectrum for 10 minutes or so (Statistics should be about - l%.) v) Save spectrum. Calibrate energy of the spectrum by using two points. Channel No & energy
to be given. vi) Check calibration by using another source (Cr"') to find energy of some other peak. vii) Find FWHM of peaks and hence resolution of detector for Co60 peaks. viii) Check how the resolution of a peak varies as a function of PMT voltage, by changing PMT dial reading from 400 to 520 in steps of 20. ix) Find relative photo-peak efficiency for Co60 peak by using the ratio of total area of the spectrum to photo-peak area.
Theory : Write necessary theory for y-ray interaction with matter. Decay of y-ray sources csl37

like Co60 ,

55Cs1-37
s.26 0,lt

nril
* " /I

56Bal.37nr

0,661-7 MeV y

,uHi*o

Experiment A. Calibration and Determination of

Cs137

peak

Chose the two photo peak of Co60 in order to perform this calibration. The first and second photo peaks of Co60 comes at certain channels which corresponded to the energies of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV respectively. Find the channel numbers of the peaks by calculating the position of the centroid of the peaks. Then calibrate by using the following formula. The Energy of any unknown peak can be found by :

Ent'r'

g 11

:'++

c'

lr

tttt rt' I

N tttrtltc r

where Ea is the energy (1.17 MeV) of the first point used for calibration at channel no. A. Es is the energy (1.33 MeV) of the second point used for calibration at channel no. B.
Use the same calibration to find the energy peak of Csl37.

Energy : Energy of unknown peak of Csl37 , Channel number: Channel number of unknown peak of Cs137

The Cobult spectrum

Energy 5p ect:'l"l:x

*f e*-**

ii,1 i,Ifl 1t] ;5+ ;lr) :s4 ,r*

l:

(nr1k1",

*uru

$itir

?i'.!,1

7** fi;;

s{irH .qlfifl

},ffi;4

The following two reference points from the spectrum of Co60 are used for calibration. Fit the spectra by a Gaussian fit to get the centroid as channel number. 1lt peak : Ch. No. 790 : 1.17 MeV ,2"d peak: Ch. No. 890 : 1 .33 MeV

The Cesium spectrum

*,fi&

ilm
?$ffiffi

I E :,sflfri
E

h,efi
s*Q

B. Photo peak efficiency photo-peak efficiency is defined as the ratio of the area under the peak to that of the area of the whole spectrum.

Flr rrfapr:*&: eJ,/re'rer?{jlJ

1.17 MeV Peak Area 66080 Counts Efficiency 0.0733

Areer u?'bd.er p**Ii:

l['r'tlr:, &tadet. rt*e t*/tole $I)#*Jrfi??l
1.33

MeV peak 62t56

0.0690

the whole spectrum

901383

C. Variation of resolution with PMT voltage

fi*s*Iuf i 0n :

Aff

F'I,{rf{flf *J 1:**fl; ilr:rufrrm*rJ *./ p**/;

The following data were obtained for the variation of resolution with voltage. Er, AEr and R1 are for the first Cobalt peak. Ez. LEz and R2 ale for the second Cobalt peak.

High rroltage

m
440.0 445.0 450.0 455.0 460.0 465.0 470.0 475.0 480.0 185.0

(v)

Er

(x{ev)
LL?ilu

,18r (\'I*V)

Resolutiorr {r1)
u.0457 il.(id{i0
{).(i*,53 {}.u,{5?

Ez
:.;]?4il

AE:
0.0552
{1.01565

Rt s,:hrtic,n (r'2) 0.il434 0.il417

11.042?

1.1700 {1.051}$ 1.1?00 il,053*

{1.{15:t(}

{X,IeV) (lJ*:Y) 1,324ii 0.0.s75

1.1?il0 {1,{lti?t} 1.1?t)il 0.fi489 1.1?{i{l 0.CI541 1.1700 il.U511

r..1700
1.

i.3:;]{i

1.3:4{i
1.3230 1.3?30 1.3230 1.:323il 1.323fi 1,3230 1.3220

U.0I-r93

{1.0448

0,0,{18 0,046?

il.(i,5?2

0.il43:
0.fi413 0.0437
{1.O{fi7
{1.043?

t?il(] {1,{ttr0$

{1,il5?{

0.u{3? 0.ilI1$ 0.043.t

0.0436
0.041.1

0.0547 il.057i3
{1.0538

{}.0571

1.1?{}{l 0.*I1il

0.il560
0.015152

il.04?3

1"17ilil

0.0484

{t.il{1s

The plot of resolution us voltage.

{.s{7
J.l "-"+*

rt -+il*

t,sls
s.8{t

E o.BiH t
I

&

s.$ls

1,{{*

$.i{,
6..il4

{s
r1!1

4tf
h1fi $*Itrry
(v1

Conclusion : Write your conclusion on the above observations.