What is data

Data is a collection of facts, such as values or measurements. It can be numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things. Data refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables. Data is information that has been translated into a form that is more convenient to move or process. Relative to todays computers and transmission media, data is information converted into binary digital form. Information in raw or unorganized form such as alphabets, numbers or symbols that refer to or represent conditions ideas, or objects. Data is limitless and present everywhere in the universe.

Types of data

Primary Data Primary data means original data that have been collected specially for the purpose in mind. It means when an authorized organization or an investigator or an enumerator collects the data for the first time himself or with the help of an institution or an expert then the data thus collected are called primary data. Secondary Data Secondary data are data that have been collected for another purpose and where we will use Statistical Method with the Primary Data. It means that after performing statistical operations on Primary Data the results become known as Secondary Data. Qualitative Data Qualitative data is a categorical measurement expressed not in terms of numbers, but rather by means of a natural language description. In statistics, it is often used interchangeably with "categorical" data For example: favourite colour = "blue" height = "tall" Quantitative Data Quantitative data is a numerical measurement expressed not by means of a natural language description, but rather in terms of numbers. However, not all numbers are continuous and measurable. For example, the social security number is a number, but not something that one can add or subtract. For example: height = "1.8 m"

What is information

Information is data that is processed and is presented in a form which assists decision-makers. It may contain an element of surprise, reduce uncertainity or provoke a manager to initiate an action. Whereas data is a term used for raw figures, facts, symbols ,etc that are currently not being used in a decision-making process. Data usually take the form of historical records. In contrast to information , raw data may not be able to surprise us , may not be organised and may not add anything to our knowledge.

DATA

PROCESSING

INFORMATION

Information lies solely in its ability to affect a behavior, decision or outcome. A piece of information is considered valueness if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged for technical meaning of information seen information theory facts , data or instructions in any medium or form. The meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the known conventions used in their representations .

Management
Management in all business and organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to 'manage' oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others.

MIS

A management information system (MIS) is a system that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively [1]. Management information systems are regarded to be a subset of the overall internal controls procedures in a business, which cover the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures used by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product,service or a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.[2] Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g