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Chapter 11 Test Study Guide The Nervous System

Nervous system divided into CNS and PNS. - Both have Neurons. (NEURONS are the basic unit of the nervous system.) Functions: - Sensory Input -- monitoring stimuli - Integration- interpretation of sensory input - Motor output- response to stimuli PNS has two functional divisions: - sensory (afferent)---> takes messages to CNS - Motor (efferent)----> transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs Types of neurons by functions: (1) sensory Types of neurons by structure: (1) unipolar (2) motor (3) interneurons (association neuron; turns messages around) (2) bipolar (3) multipolar (MOST COMMON IN BODY)

Motor (Efferent) Division: (1) somatic (voluntary)

(2) autonomic (involuntary)

Neuroglia in the CNS: (1) astrocytes (2) microglia (3) ependymal cells (4) oligodendrocytes Neuroglia in the PNS: (1) Satellite cells (2) Schwann cells *Neurons are amitotic meaning they cannot divide! BECAUSE they DONT have centrioles! Direction of signal: dendrites ----> axon Nissel bodies are the endoplasmic reticulum-----> dark spots inside soma Synapse is the space between neurons. Neurotransmitters are the language of the nervous system that communicates with other process and sends messages to the rest of the body. Ex. Ach, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine The myelin sheath is made up of Schwann cells. Function: excellerates and insulate neurons Nodes of ranvier-- spaces with axon collaterals (branches); space with no myelin sheath Two types of synapses: (1) electrical (2) chemical Types of synapses-- (1) inhibitory (2) excitatory Dendrites receive the message rst. Actions and functions are initiated by the ve senses! Sense organs are part of the PNS and communicates between CNS and the rest of the body. Neurolemma = plasma membrane of the neurons

Chapter 11 Test Study Guide The Nervous System

Nervous system divided into CNS and PNS. - Both have Neurons. (NEURONS are the basic unit of the nervous system.) Functions: - Sensory Input -- monitoring stimuli - Integration- interpretation of sensory input - Motor output- response to stimuli PNS has two functional divisions: - sensory (afferent)---> takes messages to CNS - Motor (efferent)----> transmits impulses from CNS to effector organs Types of neurons by functions: (1) sensory Types of neurons by structure: (1) unipolar (2) motor (3) interneurons (association neuron; turns messages around) (2) bipolar (3) multipolar (MOST COMMON IN BODY)

Motor (Efferent) Division: (1) somatic (voluntary)

(2) autonomic (involuntary)

Neuroglia in the CNS: (1) astrocytes (2) microglia (3) ependymal cells (4) oligodendrocytes Neuroglia in the PNS: (1) Satellite cells (2) Schwann cells *Neurons are amitotic meaning they cannot divide! BECAUSE they DONT have centrioles! Direction of signal: dendrites ----> axon Nissel bodies are the endoplasmic reticulum-----> dark spots inside soma Synapse is the space between neurons. Neurotransmitters are the language of the nervous system that communicates with other process and sends messages to the rest of the body. Ex. Ach, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine The myelin sheath is made up of Schwann cells. Function: excellerates and insulate neurons Nodes of ranvier-- spaces with axon collaterals (branches); space with no myelin sheath Two types of synapses: (1) electrical (2) chemical Types of synapses-- (1) inhibitory (2) excitatory Dendrites receive the message rst. Actions and functions are initiated by the ve senses! Sense organs are part of the PNS and communicates between CNS and the rest of the body. Neurolemma = plasma membrane of the neurons

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