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Index

I. Preface........................................................................................................................................................3 1.0 Internet ....................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 What it is? ............................................................................................................................................4 1.2 How Does? ...........................................................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Internet Service Provider (ISP) .....................................................................................................4 2.0 Emergence of the Internet .....................................................................................................................5 3.0 Protocols of the Internet ........................................................................................................................6 3.1 IP ..........................................................................................................................................................6 3.2 TCP ......................................................................................................................................................6 3.3 TCP/IP ..................................................................................................................................................6 3.3.1 Application Layer ..........................................................................................................................7 3.3.2 Transport Layer .............................................................................................................................7 3.3.3 Network Layer...............................................................................................................................7 3.3.4 Physical Layer ...............................................................................................................................7 3.4 HTTP & HTTPS ..................................................................................................................................8 3.4.1 Versions of the HTTP ...................................................................................................................8 3.4.2 HTTP Clients.................................................................................................................................8 3.4.3 HTTP Servers ................................................................................................................................8 3.5 FTP .......................................................................................................................................................9 4.0 Internet Services ...................................................................................................................................10 4.1 WEB ...................................................................................................................................................10 4.1.1 URL .............................................................................................................................................10 4.2 E-mail@ .............................................................................................................................................10 4.3 Discussion Groups .............................................................................................................................10 5.0 Internet as communication way ..........................................................................................................11 6.0 Advantages ............................................................................................................................................11 7.0 Disadvantages .......................................................................................................................................11 8.0 The Internet in the Society ..................................................................................................................12 8.1 Importance of internet in society ........................................................................................................12 II. Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................13 III. Bibliographic Reference ......................................................................................................................14 2

I. Preface
The internet in our days is an indispensable item for an individual's good formation, turning her, an important tool, as much as for leisure and a lot of children's amusement, adolescents, young and adults. But there is also who uses the internet for doubtful ends. In the present work, subordinate to the theme Internet ", we will approach of the several aspects, related the internet from your appearance, until now, because it is the way of communication more used by everybody.

1.0 Internet
1.1 What it is? Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks interlinked together, that transports information, and allows the transfer of data between them. 1.2 How Does? When we write the address of a site in a browser (e.g. Internet Explorer), the browser transmits this information for several computers until arrives to the requested site and after having liberated the access it is shown in our screen. The access to Internet is not only made by the navigators, there are some applications that also use Internet to receive and transmit information, as the case of MSN, SKYPE and Outlook etc. Internet is a service that is controlled by several institutions, private or governmental, in other words, there is no financial institution that supports the Internet. The Internet service comes to us by the local or regional ISP (Internet Service Provider) or IAP (Internet Access Provider) closest to us. 1.2.1 Internet Service Provider (ISP) It is a company that provides individuals or other companies access to the Internet and related services, such as building sites and hosting them. Some providers are configured only for a single service such as Internet, and others meet several other services besides the Internet. Examples of some ISPs in Mozambique are: - TDM; - Teledata; - Vodacom; -TVcabo; -MCel.

2.0 Emergence of the Internet


For military purposes during the Cold War between the Americans and Soviets in the 1960s came the need to immunize computer networks and communication to prevent of an eventual attack with nuclear weapons. Then was established the first network, ARPANET, created by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency), aiming to connect their computers in the research department. The APANET four interconnected institutions: University of California, Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute and University of Utah. Separated by at most a few kilometers, and the channels of communication consisted of a single path, and each network spoke their own language. The ARPANET served as a packet switching system, in which the information is divided into small packets, which in turn contains the data section, the recipient's address and information that allow the reassembly of the original information. In the late 1960s, specifically in 1969 was the transmission of the first E-mail in the story, with a text that would be "LOGIN", but the computer at Stanford Research Institute which received the message stopped working after receiving the letter "O". In the 1970s, the ARPANET began experiencing difficulties in managing the system, due to the large and growing number of university places contained therein, then divided this system into two groups, the MILNET (Military Network) which had the military locations, and, the ARPANET, which had the non-military locations. In the early 1980s, computer networks from other research centers have been integrated into the ARPA network. In 1985, the U.S. organization National Science Foundation (NSF) has linked the supercomputers of its research center to the NSFNET; the next year joined the ARPANET. The ARPANET and NSFNET became the two backbones of a new network with other computers connected to them, was then the Internet. In 1973 Vinton Cerf created a technology underlying the Internet, a project led by Robert Kahn. This project arose several communication protocols grouped into one, called the TCP / IP Protocol.

3.0 Protocols of the Internet


3.1 IP The access of information through the Internet is due a protocol developed for the Internet, called IP (Internet Protocol) which is used to address communication and data between two or more computers on a network. The current IP uses 4 octets. Ex: 192.168.0.1 that why is called IPv4. Due to the high amount of users around the world the IP addresses are running out, and we run the risk of any time we use an IP already belongs to another user and vice versa. Therefore, it is essential to extend the IP, there is talk of an IP address from the future, that unlike IPv4 will not use 4 but 6 octets, IPv6. 3.2 TCP Normally the IP comes together with another protocol called TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) that fit the core of the Internet, checks whether the data is sent correctly, in proper sequence and without error, thus forming the famous TCP/IP. 3.3 TCP/IP It is actually a set of protocols such as TCP, IP, FT and Telnet, which allows traffic information on the Internet, making it the primary protocol of the Internet network. All computers that understand this language are able to exchange information, thereby facilitating the communication of different types of machines regardless of platform, be they PCs, Macs or UNIX. To these machines understand these protocols you need a program that understands, the browsers. This protocol is divided into layers, each layer realizes his task. Application Layer; Transport Layer; Network Layer; Physical Layer.

3.3.1 Application Layer It is the layer closest to the user. That makes interface between the application and the transport protocol through a door that identifies the layer. The application layer enables users to access the Internet. This layer is needed some transport protocols to ensure the functioning of real applications (WWW, SMTP, FTP, DNS, POP, NFS). 3.3.2 Transport Layer The layer responsible for moving data between processes running on computers connected to a network. It uses two protocols for communicating origin-destination (TCP / UDP). This layer also has the function of organizing and controlling the flow of data transmitted to the protocol is not lost among so many packages. 3.3.3 Network Layer The layer called network, has as main function, direct the data to their respective addresses. This feature is called routing, which also has the advantage of avoiding network congestion, since it works with IP source and destination. 3.3.4 Physical Layer This layer refers to the hardware part, which is in its operation based on the network card, depending on the medium in which it is working with different work patterns.

3.4 HTTP & HTTPS In 1990, an engineer at the European laboratory for particle physics, Tim Berners-Lee invented the hypertext as a way to facilitate communication in the laboratory. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a protocol used on the Internet for transmitting data between the client (browser) and server via the World Wide Web technology. The HTTP method has a conversational type request-response between the client (browser) and server. The whole conversation is in the format Plain text (ASCII), through commands based on English words. 3.4.1 Versions of the HTTP - The first version of HTTP is HTTP/0.9, which bore the ASCII format. - Then came the HTTP/1.0 supporting messages MIME44. - The Current version is HTTP/1.1 that supports persistent connections, proxy etc. 3.4.2 HTTP Clients Customers are browsers or programs that allow communication with the server. - Internet Explorer, MS Windows OS default, - Firefox; - Safari, Mac OS default; - Chrome; - Opera. 3.4.3 HTTP Servers Web servers are responsible for the storage of pages of a site that will be required by the client (browser): -Apache HTTP Server; - Internet Information Server, Microsoft; - Enterprise Server, Netscape.

HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, is a combination of HTTP and SSL / TLS, which aims to secure the exchange of information between the web server and the

client. The HTTPS protocol is typically used for sensitive transactions in banking sites and online stores. 3.5 FTP FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet service that lets you transfer files I get two computers in general, one being the personal computer and the other a public file on the Internet where you can find many documents, software, and more. There are several public file servers (FTP) to any person whom you can connect using an FTP program such as, for example: WS_FTP, CuteFTP, FTP explorer that exists in Windows (run from command line) between other. FTP servers identified by the name of your machine in general ftp.xxx.yy ie ftp followed by the field of institution that manages the server. An example is: ftp.netscape.com, public file server of Netscape in the U.S. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a service similar to other public discussion forums (the News), with the difference that the discussions are direct, that is, can talk in the form of several text messages with people anywhere in the world. To use these services you need an IRC program, like all other web servers. One of the most used is mIRC, although there are others like Microsoft Comic Chat. Each IRC user is identified by a name (nickname) which is chosen by itself every time you connect to an IRC server.

4.0 Internet Services


With the continuous development of the Internet we have noticed a large number of services. 4.1 WEB The main tool the Internet is the Web, the multimedia part of the network, which are web sites, web pages etc.. It is thanks to the HTTP protocol that we can access the sites through technology WWW (World Wide Web). The web pages are organized via a URL, which is the main page, usually within a directory server. 4.1.1 URL URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, the address is available on the network, either Internet or intranet. 4.2 E-mail@ With email, you can send messages to any network user. The text reaches its destination in minutes. (or hours, depending on traffic) and you do not need to be connected to receive the same. The message is stored in an electronic mailbox until the recipient decides to open the digital envelope. 4.3 Discussion Groups The Internet is a great virtual community. Like any community, has clubs that bring together people with similar interests. In these clubs are called network of discussion groups and can happen in two ways: there are Usenet groups, which act as bulletin boards divided by subject, and chat channels, where users can tap into live chats in special rooms for each subject. On Usenet, you can join the various group of fans, read the messages of other users and send your own contributions. There are over sixteen thousand groups on Usenet.

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5.0 Internet as communication way


The Internet serves as a means of communication between people around the world, more easily and quickly, allowing people from various corners of the world to communicate. Each day that passes, more people accessing the Internet for various purposes, enabling us to develop a large number of activities previously difficult or even impossible. Currently there are several activities that previously was only possible if we were present, as is the case, distance learning, cooperative work at a distance, the distance medicine and even shopping away. With the advance of technology is possible to have several similar services to traditional media. The great advantage of internet services compared to traditional services is speed and speed with which information can be obtained.

6.0 Advantages
It is important to note that in the history of the Internet have created various services such as, for example: (E-MAIL, FTP and IRC) that influenced a great development in the areas of technology d communication, entertainment and more. Which these services allows us to be connected with the world, have quick information, search for information. The Internet not only allows you to search for information, but also the power to interact in real time with anyone. Provides access to all intellectual production, aiming to keep control of the learning gauging student achievement, controlling its obligations (submission d work, completion of modules, often in chats), and this is implemented through d programs (software) inserted on the server where the course is given. The modules can be organized according to a precedence tree and the transition from one module to another automatically or not, depending cm their prerequisites. E.g. you can use the system of formative assessment in the form of interactive assessment questionnaire on the Internet.

7.0 Disadvantages
The disadvantages and advantages are in contradiction, because not all the information that people access the Internet are true, which can often lead to misunderstanding. There are drawbacks complicated by the fact that any person has access to the Internet, especially children.
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Around the world we live in today through the internet not only children but also society in general can be victims of various illegal acts such as violence, pornography on the Internet, sale of illegal drugs, weapons and sales of people, everything this can be done online.

8.0 The Internet in the Society


Today, the Internet plays a key role in the society , with several utilities including serving as an essential means of communication, great source of information (the world's largest), means of entertainment. The internet is a free service that allows everyone to use it and insert contents. The big problem may be uncontrolled access by children, which could influence the formation of the same, with little access to appropriate information, such as pornography, violence.

8.1 Importance of internet in society


The Internet brings a form of communication, instant messengers like MSN, the Internet telephony such as Skype, email, social networks like Orkut, Facebook, tweeter, among others, are based on Internet tools that allowed a true revolution in the way communicate with others.

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II. Conclusion
After the research work we concluded that, Internet is an indispensable service for society as way of communication and for learning, we also saw that Internet has your negative side, people who uses Internet for doing bad things like hack private information or spy computers etc. With the work, we could learn more on Internet, as it appeared and as it arrives it ties us, as it works and who controls her, that Internet is controlled by many institutions.

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III. Bibliographic Reference

http://interworldrk.tripod.com/oque.html http://www.tecnologiaoutonal.com.br/2011/03/25/o-que-e-internet/ http://www.cotidiano.ufsc.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=449%3Ainternet -o-que-e&Itemid=58 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servidor http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Secure http://www.google.co.mz http://www.slideshare.com

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