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I. Preface........................................................................................................................................................3 1.0 Internet ....................................................................................................................................................4 1.1 What it is? ............................................................................................................................................4 1.2 How Does? ...........................................................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Internet Service Provider (ISP) .....................................................................................................4 2.0 Emergence of the Internet .....................................................................................................................5 3.0 Protocols of the Internet ........................................................................................................................6 3.1 IP ..........................................................................................................................................................6 3.2 TCP ......................................................................................................................................................6 3.3 TCP/IP ..................................................................................................................................................6 3.3.1 Application Layer ..........................................................................................................................7 3.3.2 Transport Layer .............................................................................................................................7 3.3.3 Network Layer...............................................................................................................................7 3.3.4 Physical Layer ...............................................................................................................................7 3.4 HTTP & HTTPS ..................................................................................................................................8 3.4.1 Versions of the HTTP ...................................................................................................................8 3.4.2 HTTP Clients.................................................................................................................................8 3.4.3 HTTP Servers ................................................................................................................................8 3.5 FTP .......................................................................................................................................................9 4.0 Internet Services ...................................................................................................................................10 4.1 WEB ...................................................................................................................................................10 4.1.1 URL .............................................................................................................................................10 4.2 E-mail@ .............................................................................................................................................10 4.3 Discussion Groups .............................................................................................................................10 5.0 Internet as communication way ..........................................................................................................11 6.0 Advantages ............................................................................................................................................11 7.0 Disadvantages .......................................................................................................................................11 8.0 The Internet in the Society ..................................................................................................................12 8.1 Importance of internet in society ........................................................................................................12 II. Conclusion..............................................................................................................................................13 III. Bibliographic Reference ......................................................................................................................14 2
I. Preface
The internet in our days is an indispensable item for an individual's good formation, turning her, an important tool, as much as for leisure and a lot of children's amusement, adolescents, young and adults. But there is also who uses the internet for doubtful ends. In the present work, subordinate to the theme Internet ", we will approach of the several aspects, related the internet from your appearance, until now, because it is the way of communication more used by everybody.
1.0 Internet
1.1 What it is? Internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks interlinked together, that transports information, and allows the transfer of data between them. 1.2 How Does? When we write the address of a site in a browser (e.g. Internet Explorer), the browser transmits this information for several computers until arrives to the requested site and after having liberated the access it is shown in our screen. The access to Internet is not only made by the navigators, there are some applications that also use Internet to receive and transmit information, as the case of MSN, SKYPE and Outlook etc. Internet is a service that is controlled by several institutions, private or governmental, in other words, there is no financial institution that supports the Internet. The Internet service comes to us by the local or regional ISP (Internet Service Provider) or IAP (Internet Access Provider) closest to us. 1.2.1 Internet Service Provider (ISP) It is a company that provides individuals or other companies access to the Internet and related services, such as building sites and hosting them. Some providers are configured only for a single service such as Internet, and others meet several other services besides the Internet. Examples of some ISPs in Mozambique are: - TDM; - Teledata; - Vodacom; -TVcabo; -MCel.
3.3.1 Application Layer It is the layer closest to the user. That makes interface between the application and the transport protocol through a door that identifies the layer. The application layer enables users to access the Internet. This layer is needed some transport protocols to ensure the functioning of real applications (WWW, SMTP, FTP, DNS, POP, NFS). 3.3.2 Transport Layer The layer responsible for moving data between processes running on computers connected to a network. It uses two protocols for communicating origin-destination (TCP / UDP). This layer also has the function of organizing and controlling the flow of data transmitted to the protocol is not lost among so many packages. 3.3.3 Network Layer The layer called network, has as main function, direct the data to their respective addresses. This feature is called routing, which also has the advantage of avoiding network congestion, since it works with IP source and destination. 3.3.4 Physical Layer This layer refers to the hardware part, which is in its operation based on the network card, depending on the medium in which it is working with different work patterns.
3.4 HTTP & HTTPS In 1990, an engineer at the European laboratory for particle physics, Tim Berners-Lee invented the hypertext as a way to facilitate communication in the laboratory. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a protocol used on the Internet for transmitting data between the client (browser) and server via the World Wide Web technology. The HTTP method has a conversational type request-response between the client (browser) and server. The whole conversation is in the format Plain text (ASCII), through commands based on English words. 3.4.1 Versions of the HTTP - The first version of HTTP is HTTP/0.9, which bore the ASCII format. - Then came the HTTP/1.0 supporting messages MIME44. - The Current version is HTTP/1.1 that supports persistent connections, proxy etc. 3.4.2 HTTP Clients Customers are browsers or programs that allow communication with the server. - Internet Explorer, MS Windows OS default, - Firefox; - Safari, Mac OS default; - Chrome; - Opera. 3.4.3 HTTP Servers Web servers are responsible for the storage of pages of a site that will be required by the client (browser): -Apache HTTP Server; - Internet Information Server, Microsoft; - Enterprise Server, Netscape.
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, is a combination of HTTP and SSL / TLS, which aims to secure the exchange of information between the web server and the
client. The HTTPS protocol is typically used for sensitive transactions in banking sites and online stores. 3.5 FTP FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet service that lets you transfer files I get two computers in general, one being the personal computer and the other a public file on the Internet where you can find many documents, software, and more. There are several public file servers (FTP) to any person whom you can connect using an FTP program such as, for example: WS_FTP, CuteFTP, FTP explorer that exists in Windows (run from command line) between other. FTP servers identified by the name of your machine in general ftp.xxx.yy ie ftp followed by the field of institution that manages the server. An example is: ftp.netscape.com, public file server of Netscape in the U.S. IRC (Internet Relay Chat) is a service similar to other public discussion forums (the News), with the difference that the discussions are direct, that is, can talk in the form of several text messages with people anywhere in the world. To use these services you need an IRC program, like all other web servers. One of the most used is mIRC, although there are others like Microsoft Comic Chat. Each IRC user is identified by a name (nickname) which is chosen by itself every time you connect to an IRC server.
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6.0 Advantages
It is important to note that in the history of the Internet have created various services such as, for example: (E-MAIL, FTP and IRC) that influenced a great development in the areas of technology d communication, entertainment and more. Which these services allows us to be connected with the world, have quick information, search for information. The Internet not only allows you to search for information, but also the power to interact in real time with anyone. Provides access to all intellectual production, aiming to keep control of the learning gauging student achievement, controlling its obligations (submission d work, completion of modules, often in chats), and this is implemented through d programs (software) inserted on the server where the course is given. The modules can be organized according to a precedence tree and the transition from one module to another automatically or not, depending cm their prerequisites. E.g. you can use the system of formative assessment in the form of interactive assessment questionnaire on the Internet.
7.0 Disadvantages
The disadvantages and advantages are in contradiction, because not all the information that people access the Internet are true, which can often lead to misunderstanding. There are drawbacks complicated by the fact that any person has access to the Internet, especially children.
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Around the world we live in today through the internet not only children but also society in general can be victims of various illegal acts such as violence, pornography on the Internet, sale of illegal drugs, weapons and sales of people, everything this can be done online.
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II. Conclusion
After the research work we concluded that, Internet is an indispensable service for society as way of communication and for learning, we also saw that Internet has your negative side, people who uses Internet for doing bad things like hack private information or spy computers etc. With the work, we could learn more on Internet, as it appeared and as it arrives it ties us, as it works and who controls her, that Internet is controlled by many institutions.
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