Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Copyright 2010
Engineering Formula Sheet - Page 1


Engineering Formula Sheet
Circular Shapes
Formulas Variables
C = Circumference
C d = t- = 3.14
d = Diameter
2
A r = t- A = Area
r = Radius

Electrical Systems
Formulas Variables
V = Voltage
V = IR I = Current
R = Resistance
Right Triangle Ratios
Formulas Variables
opposite
Sin
hypotenuse
u =

adjacent
Cos
hypotenuse
u =
= Angle
opposite
Tan
adjacent
u =

Simple Machines
Formulas Variables
=
R
E
F
AMA
F

AMA = Actual Mechanical Advantage
F
R
= Resistance force
F
E
= Effort force
E
R
D
IMA
D
=

IMA = Ideal Mechanical Advantage
D
R
= Resistance Distance
D
E
= Effort Distance
=
LE
LeverIMA
LR

LE = Length from fulcrum to effort
LR = Length from fulcrum to resistance
Wheel and Axle =
W
A
r
IMA
r
r
w
= Wheel radius
r
a
= Axle radius
Pulley IMA = Total number of strands
supporting the load
Inclined Plane
L
MA
H
=
L = Slope length
H = Height
Wedge =
L
IMA
H

L = Base length
H = Height
=
C
ScrewIMA
Pitch

C = Circumference
1
Pitch
TPI
=
Pitch = Screw pitch
TPI = Threads per inch
Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010
Engineering Formula Sheet - Page 2
Properties of Materials
Formulas Variables

O
F
A
=
= Stress
F = Axial force

O
L
o
=
A
o
= Cross-sectional area
= Strain

O
O
FL
A E
=
= Deformation
L
o
= Original length

E=

E = Modulus of Elasticity
( )
( )
E

2 1 O
2 1 O
F F L
A

Fluids
Formulas Variables
F
P
A
=
P = Pressure
F = Force
1 2
1 2
V V
T T
=
A = Area
V = Volume
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
P V P V =


Gear Ratios
Formulas Variables
in
out
GR
e
=
e

GR = Gear ratio

in
= Driver gear, rpm

out
= Driven gear, rpm
out
in
N
GR
N
=
N
in
= Number of teeth on driver
N
out
= Number of teeth on driven
d
in
= Diameter of driver
out out out in
in in out in
N d
N d
t e
= = =
e t

d
out
= Diameter of driven

in
= Torque of driver, ft-lbs

out
= Torque of driven, ft-lbs

Kinematics
Formulas Variables
( )
-g
2
i
V * Sin 2
X
u
=
X = Range
V
i
= Initial velocity
( )
g
i
x
V
Sin 2

=
u

g = Acceleration due to gravity
= Initial trajectory angle from the horizontal
ix i
V V cos = u
V
ix
= Initial horizontal velocity
= u
iy i
V V sin
V
iy
= Initial vertical velocity

Project Lead The Way, Inc.
Copyright 2010
Engineering Formula Sheet - Page 3
Statics
Formulas Variables
= M F d
M = Moment about a point
F = Force
d = Perpendicular distance
X
F 0 X( right ) X( left ) E = = E + E
= Sum of
X = Force in x-direction
Y = Force in y-direction
( ) ( )
Y
F 0 Y up Y down E = = E + E
CCW = Counter-clockwise moment
M 0 CCW CW E = = E +E CW = Clockwise moment
R M J + = 2
J = Number of joints
M = Number of members
R = Number of reaction forces
Rectangular
Sections
=
XX
I
3
bh
12


I
XX
= Moment of inertia about x-x axis
b = Base dimension
h = Height
Work and Power
Formulas Variables
W F D =
W = Work
F = Force
D = Distance
W
P
t
=
P = Power
W = Work
t = Time
= P V I
V = Volts
I = Current
Q
P
t
=
A

P = Rate of heat transfer
Q = Energy transfer
t = Difference in time
T
P kA
L
A
=
k = Thermal conductivity
A = Area of thermal conductivity
L = Thickness
T = Difference in temperature
P UA T = A U = Thermal transmittance (U-factor)
1
U
R
=
R = Resistance to heat flow (R-value)