BTS Technology

source: Nokia Siemens Network

Ir. Muhamad Asvial, MSc., PhD

Center for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER) Electrical Engineering Department - University of Indonesia E-mail: asvial@ee.ui.ac.id http://www.ee.ui.ac.id/cicer

Slide 1

Base station sites are the main energy consumers in a mobile network
Other (controllers, core, OSS, etc.) 10% Site energy consumption (heating/cooling, etc.) 30% 90% BTS sites

70% BTS energy consumption

Slide 2

Simplify site acquisition with Smart Sites and multiple installation options

Traditional urban site: Equipment room in basement

Traditional rural site

Multiple installation options

Stacked on floor or shelf

Separated radio units

On wall or pole

Hidden sites

BTS or 19 cabinets

At base of mast or tower

On top of mast or tower

Slide 3

Reduce number of sites needed

Share of BTS sites providing coverage/capacity

Largest cell size by:

Placing BTS exactly where it is needed 25% fewer sites with mast-top installation* Up to 50% fewer sites using best-in-class coverage features Industry-leading RF performance

Coverage

Up to 50% fewer BTS sites

Highest BTS capacity with:

Capacity Legacy BTS Our Flexi BTS Smallest BTS for any capacity Best-in -class software features to boost capacity

Slide 4

Smart Sites decrease CAPEX

Example 1:

Traditional roof-top site

Roof-top site from Nokia Siemens Networks

Easier site acquisition No cranes needed Simpler installation No cabinets needed Easier site construction Shorter antenna cables

Reduced CAPEX

Example 2:

Fewer sites needed Savings in antenna system Savings in Civil Works

Traditional suburban site Suburban site from Nokia Siemens Networks

Slide 5

Smart Sites decrease CAPEX

Examples 4-5:
Reduced CAPEX

Smart rural site

Traditional rural site

Minimized site space Less site foundation needed Shorter and optimally placed antenna cables

Slide 6

Smart Sites reduce operating expenses

Reduced OPEX

Lower site rent Dramatically reduced power consumption 60% less in our Flexi WCDMA BTS 35% less in our Flexi EDGE BTS Lower Operations & Maintenance costs

Slide 7

Smart Sites minimize Total Cost of Ownership

Reduced TCO

Lower power consumption of equipment increases viability of renewable energy as power source Lower CAPEX where grid connection is very expensive High OPEX savings compared to diesel generator solution where sites are difficult to access and maintain

Slide 8

Renewable energy for autonomous site

The Autonomous Site can be powered by:
Solar Power as individual solution Solar + Wind turbine + these both supported by generators

Same standard products as offered by Solar/Wind Power System vendor

Ready made/existing products that can be delivered immediately after selection

Each site is unique - configurations depends on

Site location Required load Required autonomy time

Slide 9

Examples of Renewable Energy BTS Sites

Slide 10

Radio Access Energy Efficiency Roadmap

Past Present Future

Discontinuous Idle Timeslot Power Transmission Off Radio Channel Low Traffic Power Allocation Down Improved Power Energy Saving Mode Control for BCCH Adaptive Multi Rate Common BCCH Single Antenna RU10 Interference Ready for Contract Cancellation (SAIC) High Site Temperature

Multiradio BTS Orthogonal Sub Channel (OSC)

Slide 11

Flexi EDGE BTS

Huge energy savings with Flexi EDGE BTS
Flexi EDGE BTS is optimized for energy efficiency
During high traffic energy saving by improved PA efficiency During low traffic energy saving by PA shut down by timeslot based

BSS

Energy savings up to 52% compared to Ultrasite

UltraSite TRX .209

Energy consumption [W] Traffic [Erlangs or Mbps]

BTS traffic load

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS0 TS1

on

on

off

on

on

off

off

off

on

on

Flexi

BTS power consumption

Old Ultrasite

Daytime Traffic

Flexi Bias on Bias off

Low Traffic Time (00:00 24:00)

Slide 12

Flexi EDGE BTS Dual TRX Power Down

Save energy during low traffic
Shutdown of Flexi EDGE BTS Dual TRX during low traffic
Energy consumption per Dual TRX box decreases from 40W down to 0W
Saves energy during low traffic period For 4+4+4 BTS the saving is 15%

BSS

Energy consumption [W]

Traffic [Erlangs or Mbps]

All TRX Power On

DTRX Power Down

TRX 2

Daytime Traffic

BCCH

Low Traffic Time (00:00 24:00)

All TRX on

Slide 13
Feature ID(s): BSS21261

BCCH

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 3

TRX 4

TRX 4

TRX 3-4 shutdown

Site temperature up to

40oC

BSS

Save energy 30% at site level

On average at site level 30% of energy is used for cooling
Varies from case to case. At hot climate 50% of energy is used for cooling

By allowing BTS to run at higher temperature less energy used for cooling
Use of fresh air cooling instead of air-condition at indoor and shelter sites Use of outdoor sites

Air Condition
Energy consumption [W]

Daytime Traffic

Low Traffic

Slide 14
Time (00:00 24:00)

Traffic [Erlangs or Mbps]

Fresh air cooling

Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)

Downlink output power is switched of during speech pauses
On average half of non-BCCH TRX time slots thus in idle mode

BSS - BR

Save energy by not transmitting during speech pauses

DTX saves energy during daytime traffic For 4+4+4 GSM BTS the saving is about 10%

Energy consumption [W]

TRX 4

DTX off

TRX 3

TRX 2

Daytime Traffic

BCCH

Low Traffic Time (00:00 24:00)

DTX off

BCCH

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 4

DTX on

Traffic [Erlangs or Mbps]

DTX on

Slide 15
Feature ID(s): BSS01410

Radio Channel Allocation

Save energy by moving traffic to BCCH TRX
Prioritize BCCH TRX instead of traffic TRX and save enrgy
As TS at BCCH TRX is anyway send with full power, energy can be saved by allocating traffic to BCCH TRX instead of traffic TRX

BSS - BR

No prioritization
Energy consumption [W]

Prioritize for BCCH

Traffic [Erlangs or Mbps]

Saves energy during all traffic conditions. For 4+4+4 GSM BTS the saving is about 20%

TRX 4

TRX 3

TRX 2

Daytime Traffic

BCCH

Low Traffic Time (00:00 24:00)

No prioritization

BCCH

TRX 2

TRX 3

TRX 4

Prioritize BCCH

Slide 16
Feature ID(s): BSS06115

Advanced downlink power control

Optimize transmission power and thus save energy
Variable Downlink Power Control

BSS - BR

This feature enables more aggressive power reduction steps for non-AMR codec Thus BTS transmission power will reach the required minimum level much faster

Progressive AMR Power Control

This feature reduces the usage of highest output power levels by using robust codec instead of increasing output power

On average downlink power control will save 2dB on BTS output power
This will decrease BTS energy consumption by 4%

Slide 17
Feature ID(s): BSS09021, BSS20776

Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR)

Less bits over air less used energy
AMR Half Rate (AMR HR)

BSS - BR

Within AMR HR one can reduce the amount of bits in voice call to half AMR HR is very powerful way to reduce energy consumption at big sites by having same traffic with less amount TRX HW and by having less active TS at non BCCH TRX.

AMR Full Rate (AMR FR)

Within AMR FR one can use lower BTS output power level as RX quality limits are lower for AMR FR than for GSM codes

Enhanced TRX Prioritization in TCH Allocation

Within this feature traffic without AMR support are allocated to BCCH TRX and traffic with AMR support to non BCCH TRX This will decrease energy consumption as with AMR traffic one need less output power than with GSM codes

Slide 18

Power Saving Mode for BTS

OPEX savings due to saved electricity

RU

In areas, which have multiple frequency layers, cells can be shut down during low load periods The Power Saving Mode (PWSM) grouping allows operator to control flexibly cell shutdown order according cell configuration and power amplifier mapping The cell shutdown is triggered once the operator conditions are met
Shut down conditions include issues like time of the day, load of the cells, duration of low load, load can be fitted into remaining cells

A shutdown cell is activated when traffic load in the activeSlide 19 increases cells

Feature ID(s): RAN955

Thank you.

Slide 20