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five studies with 772 participants. There was an increase in adverse effects in the studies of antibiotic for acute purulent rhinitis (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94). Authors' conclusions: There is insufficient evidence of benefit to warrant the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections in children or adults. Antibiotics cause significant adverse effects in adults when given for the common cold and in all ages when given for acute purulent rhinitis. The evidence on acute purulent rhinitis and acute clear rhinitis suggests no benefit for antibiotics for these conditions and their routine use is not recommended. This record should be cited as: Arroll B, Kenealy T. Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD000247. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000247.pub2 Assessed as up to date: August 11, 2009