More Hydrostatics

Physics 1425 Lecture 26

Michael Fowler, UVa

ConcepTest 13.7b

The Straw II
1) greater than PA 2) equal to PA 3) less than PA

You put a straw into a glass of water, place your finger over the top so no air can get in or out, and then lift the straw from the liquid. You find that the straw retains some liquid. How does the air pressure P in the upper part compare to atmospheric pressure PA?

More on Atmospheric Pressure

In the last lecture, we filled a can with steam, driving out the air, then cooled it to condense the steam, leaving very low pressure inside it. The external atmospheric pressure then crushed the can. Heres an example on a larger scale

Buoyancy Force

Any object immersed in a fluid feels pressure forces all around it. Since the pressure is greater at greater depth, there is a net upwards forcethis is called buoyancy. Suppose the underwater object is replaced with a ghost: an extremely thin plastic sheet of the same identical shape, just enclosing the fluid. The pressure forces on this ghost will be identical, and they will be just enough to support the weight of the fluid inside.

Buoyancy Force
The pressure forces on this ghost will be identical, and they will be just enough to support the weight of the fluid inside. This total force from pressure is the buoyancy force. If the ball has exactly the same average density as the water, it will just stay in place. If its average density is less than water, it will rise to the surface.

 Buoyancy Force FB in Partial Immersion

X

Obviously, the water pressure is only on the part of the object beneath the water surface. Therefore, the total pressure buoyance force is equal to the weight of the water displaced. Bottom line: a floating object displaces (pushes aside) its own weight of water.

FB

mg

Archimedes Principle
A body immersed (or partially immersed) in a fluid experiences a net upward buoyancy force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.

Clicker Question
A glass of water filled to the brim has an ice cube floating in it. (What does that tell you about the density of ice?) As the ice cube melts, the water A. Spills over the brim. B. Stays the same. C. Gets a little lower.

Clicker Question
A glass of water filled to the brim has an ice cube inside, stuck to the bottom. As the ice cube melts, the water A. Spills over the brim. B. Stays the same. C. Gets a little lower.

Clicker Question
A glass of water has an ice cube floating in it. The cube is 90% submerged. For an exactly similar cube in a glass of water at a future resort on the Moon, where gravity is a lot less, A. The cube will ride higher in the water. B. The cube will ride lower in the water. C. The same percentage will be submerged as on Earth.

Clicker Question
You are sitting in a rowing boat in a small pond. There are some bricks in the boat. You take the bricks and throw them into the pond. They sink to the bottom. What happens to the water level in the pond, as measured at the bank? A. It falls. B. It rises. C. It stays the same.

Problem from book

The guage pressure in each of the four tires of an automobile is 240 kPa. If each tire has a footprint of 200cm2, estimate the mass of the car.

Clicker Question
A piece of iron hanging on a string is lowered into a beaker of water on a spring scale, the water level reaches the top of the beaker and the scale registers an increase. If instead you immerse your hand so the water level reaches the top, the scale A. registers the same increase. B. registers a smaller increase. C. registers a larger increase.

Clicker Question
A car is moving at steady velocity down the highway. Inside, a helium filled balloon rests lightly against the roof. Suddenly the car accelerates. This causes the balloon to move. Which way? A. B. Towards the front of the car. Towards the rear of the car.

Clicker Question
A ball is floating partially immersed in water. A layer of oil is poured on top of the water. Relative to the level of the top surface of the water, the ball

A. B. C.

gets pushed down. stays the same. moves up.