Avenues For Research & Updates in Ayurveda

Avenues for & Updates in Ayurveda
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda

Develop something what people want and NOT What you can do.
Abhijna 2012 . . .
A journey towards Anweshana on 8th March 2012 at Govt. Ayurvedic Medical College, Bangalore Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/

Dedicated to the Ayurveda Scientist Who followed Doing Nothing in his Life time

May be the distance obstruct my vision May be the scene is limited to my Mind May be it is realized or not to my Heart What I see is the only Ayurveda . . .. . . . . through my window
An Ayurvedist perception Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Ayurveda Research Updates are many but to narrate them becomes difficult As many of them are not published in any media or known to any body Today we (try to) deal with Research - Researcher Research Typology Avenues Updates Examples Future Research proposals

India has a vast history of Human, Animal & Plants healing techniques as Ayurveda, Vrukshayurveda, Pashu Ayurveda, Hastyayurveda, etc. The healing techniques are based on fundamentals and principles - that are derived after a long term research and observation. Basement and Roots are neglected and the Beauty of Tree or Building is prized In Ayurveda Siddhanta, Dravyaguna, Rasashastra, etc. are Basement departments We try to open Nut principles and Products that are kept for the validation with the present day philosophy
Research . . .
The research is defined as - systematic investigation and study of materials, sources, etc., in order to establish facts and reach conclusions or a search for knowledge. Research is not just a method, it is a system of organised knowledge Research is a social activity carried out by groups of competing / co-operating / communicating scientists (persons)
Research: Increasing Options in Ayurveda

Dissolving Boundaries between Sciences !
Interdisciplinary / Trans-disciplinary approach
Dept of AYUSH / CCRAS

Require Research Officers / Project staff
ICMR institutes
Requires trained in clinical research
CSIR: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research: www.csir.res.in

JRF / SRF program, Project staff

Research Related Courses available for Ayur-Graduate
MD./MS Ph.D. M.Sc.

Health Sciences Dietetics Bioinformatics Clinical Research (www.icriindia.com)
Clinical Toxicology
Directorate of Forensic Laboratory, Mumbai
Short Courses in various institutes M.Tech (Bio-geosciences) atTamilnadu

Teaching levels for PGs

UG level 1. Concept & principles
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Clinical uses Research insights Innovative ideas, Newer applications Development of technologies, products Value addition to scientific knowledge
PG level
A Post-graduate is . . .
A Graduate
In-depth knowledge of subject Good clinical experience & application Research Methodology & Biostatistics Update information Soft skills Innovative approach
A Post-graduate
Research : Key issues

Methodology is important Standard Design developed as per research question raised
Each situation demand different methodology
Availability of Opportunities in Ayur-research

Eye can see when brain knows ! - Dr Abhay Bang
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Lacunae at Ayurveda Research

Choosing a topic and a supervisor Reviewing the literature Stating the hypothesis Project outline Record keeping and note making Registering your research project Research protocol Ethical approval Funding Data collection Interpretation of data Writing the report Presenting a paper Writing a paper for publication
Checklist for Success (Do I Have?)

Impressive Background Sound Language (Sanskrit, Hindi, English) Communication skills Attitude & Experience Passion / Strong desire Knowledge of Current Medical / Scientific Affairs Knowledge of Computers
What counts as research?

Analysis of data from a patients medical notes (includes use of medical notes to identify potential participants re eligibility criteria) Observations Conducting surveys/ interviews Using non-invasive imaging Using blood or tissue samples Trials of interventions (drugs, devices, surgical procedures or any other treatments / therapies)
Safeguards & Vetting

Scientific value
Proper research question, methodology, sample size
Vetting
Ethical aspects
Recruitment Sample size Informed consent
Monitoring of research:
Quality control Maintenance Adherence to protocol Avoiding Misconduct in Research
Monitoring

Research is a process made up of many small steps.
Steps in the Research Process

1. Define your research needs 2. Develop a research strategy 3. Conduct searches for information 4. Evaluate the resources that you find 5. Incorporate and cite the information you use
Defining Your Research Needs

Make sure that you understand your assignment. The next step in the process is defining what you need. Then distinguish between different types of resources to decide which to use.

1.Definition Protocol of 2.Importance 3.Format (a) Title page (b) background and hypothesis (c) Study design (d) Materials and methodology (e) Data collection and handling (f) Statistical analysis (g) References (h) Summary
a clinical trial
Researcher Responsibilities
The researchers have day-to-day responsibility for research conduct Need to ensure:
Adherence to agreed protocols Appropriate care of research participants (working with health care professionals) Protection of the integrity and confidentiality of data Reporting of adverse events or suspected misconduct
Researcher Misconduct
Falsification, fabrication, Plagiarism (theft of data or samples) Unauthorized use of privileged information Abuse of authorship Significant failure to comply with federal, state, or University rules regarding research
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Data Items in Clinical Trials Prone to Fraud
Eligibility criteria, Repeated measurements, Adverse events, Compliance & Subject diaries
Care these sentences

1. Never discard original research data. 2. Missing data and outliers are very real phenomena in contemporary medical research. 3. Have faith in the wondrously stochastic (Being or having a random variable) and random nature of real human data, features most difficult to capture with fraud.
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Research Misconduct- FFP

As defined by Office of Research Integrity
Fabrication, Falsification, Plagiarism, or other practices that seriously deviate from those that are commonly accepted in the scientific community for proposing, conducting, or reporting research Not honest error or differences in opinion
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.webs.com/
Fabrication
Intentionally creating records that do not exist and for which there is no truth with the intent to mislead or deceive Interviewer completing a questionnaire for a fictitious subject that was never interviewed Preparing records for follow-up calls or contacts to subjects who were really lost to follow-up Creating notes for a subject visit that never took place Eric Poehlman, PhD - UVM College of Medicine
fabricated data in 17 grant applications for federal funding as well as in journal articles Barred for life from receiving any federal funds for research plead guilty to fraud sentenced in 6/06 to a year and one day in prison (NY Times article An Unwelcome Discovery 10/22/06)
Falsification
Alteration of data collected in the conduct of scientific investigation Omission/deletion/suppression of conflicting data without scientific justification
Back-dating interviews to fit within the timeline provided in protocol Changing a subjects age in data records by an unimportant amount to fit enrollment criteria
Joy Bryant and Diana Layman - Falsified research in study by substituting their own blood for the 10-15 blood samples of child study participants as required by the protocol Entered into Voluntary Exclusion Agreement for 3 years
Plagiarism Self-plagiarism
Intentional use of someone elses words, thoughts, or ideas, as though they are your own Also includes self-plagiarism author using his/her own published material in another work without citation Ali Sultan, MD, PhD -From Harvard School of
Public Health - - Plagiarized text and figures from emails from his post-doctoral student - - Also falsified results of research, and fabricated parts of emails from the student to falsely implicate the student For 3 years debarred from contracting or subcontracting w/ any US Govt agency
Consider
Who developed the concept of the paper? Who conducted the actual research? Who wrote and/or edited the draft? Who calculated the statistics?
Should these people be listed as authors?

Research Validation
Validation / Understanding of Ayurveda Principles Inventing / Discovery Newer techniques
Computers in research Pharmaceutical sciences Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology
Types & Designs

Traditional and modern aspects Relevance, utility and feasibility for Unani / Siddha / Homeopathy / Nature cure /Yoga research
Concerns for All Designs

Choosing Subjects Target population Study sample Generalizing Inclusion/Exclusion
Ethical Principles
Measurements Continuous/Discrete/Categ orical/Ordinal Precision/Reproducible/Rel iable Accuracy Sensitivity/Specificity Objectivity Sample size/Power Hypothesis Errors (Type I, Type II)
Recruitment Effect size Formulas Software Data collection Data cleaning Data analysis
Error Types
Type I error
Occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected. False positive The probability of making a type I error is denoted as
Causes of measurement error
Type II error
A type II error occurs if the null hypothesis is accepted, i.e. an insignificant result is obtained, when the null hypothesis is in fact not true. The probability of making a type II error is denoted as .
1. Observer error (a) Inter-observer inaccuracies (b) Digit preference (c) Question variation 2. Subject inaccuracies (a) Natural variation (b) Unconscious bias (c) Recall and motivation (d) Compliance 3.Equipment inaccuracies (a) Zero errors (b) Gain errors (c) Precision
Possible Ayurvedic Researches

-The Ayurvedic field has a vast scope for research in variety of ways. - Inviting the Ethnic Knowledge or/and principle synchronizing knowledge in to Ayurveda - All what is needed that, it should benefit Ayurveda and the society at large.
A) Literary Research B) Fundamental Research C) Clinical Research D) Drug Research E) Inter Disciplinary Research
Discuss your research with a statistician

BEFORE you begin your research WHILE you are collecting data WHEN you are ready to analyze WHEN you are writing your manuscript
Stratified randomization should be used for factors that are believed to significantly influence the outcome.
Types of Research Designs

Descriptive research Correlational research - Involves measuring whether there is a relationship between two or more variables Experimental research - Generally considered the most powerful tool for determining cause-and-effect relationships between variables
Independent variable (IV) Dependent variable (DV)
Compare the method

LITERARY RESEARCH RESOURCES
AYURVEDIC LITERATURE Published Unpublished Catalogues Non catalogues
NON-AYURVEDIC LITERATURE
Vedas Upanishads Puranas Arthashastra
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Three dimensions of academic research
community meeting
authority controversy
publication
sincerity
experiment
theory
person
knowledge
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Observational
Longitudinal Cross-sectional Prospective Retrospective Survey Cohort studies Case control studies
Clinical research
Research involving human Many types
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Preventive (Pollution and traffic police) Diagnostic (AIDS, Ca on Unani parameters) Treatment intervention (Sports and regimental therapies) Safety and efficacy (Kushta) Newer applications (Massage for chronic fatigue syndrome) 6. New scales, measurements, techniques
PHASES OF CLINICAL TRIAL

TRIAL Phase I PHASE Clinical Pharmacology NO. OF SUBJECTS 20 50 LENGTH Several months PURPOSE Mainly safety in volunteers (healthy volunteers/ volunteer patients) Short term safety, mainly effectiveness in patients Safety, effectiveness in large no. of patient population, multi-centric study Post marketing surveillance to detect ADR etc.
Phase II Phase III
Clinical Investigation Formal Therapeutic Trials Post-licensing studies
50 300 250 1000+
Months to years 1 4 years
Phase IV
2000 10 000+
Experimental Research
Experimental group Group that is subjected to the independent variable Cognitive-behavioral treatment group or new anti-depressant group Control group Group that is similar in every way to the experimental group except for the manipulation of the independent variable Random assignment makes control group to be similar in every way Untreated wait-list control group Placebo group Group that does NOT receive treatment including active ingredient (special type of control group) Double-blind design is often used ( sugar pill )
Or supportive group therapy
Basic skills for a laboratory scientist

Basic Computer skill, Paper reading & writing, Understanding and use of the literature, Productivity Scientific attitude: Desire to get the bottom of things NO premature conclusion Spending time & effort to make things better and /or more efficient Not afraid of learning new things Full understanding of instruments in the experiment Not willing to leave any mysteries or poorly understood phenomenon behind in Research Low tolerance for black box Good citizenship in a laboratory Willingness to help and collaborate with colleagues Being a considerate colleague

Animals in Medicine started long back
150 AD. Galen begins systematic study of animal physiology, vivisection begins. What he learns is used in the practice of human medicine for the next 1000+ years. Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
1726 Stephen Hales first measures blood pressure in a horse
1982 Treatment for leprosy developed using 1982 Armadillos Prions are discovered in 1901-1939 hamsters. Subsequent Animal research studies in mice have shown advances our that these misshaped, understanding of disease-causing proteins can blood, making be inherited transfusions 2012 Prions are an infectious possible ??? protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid;
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Number and kinds of animals used
The Office of Technology Assessment estimates that 17-23 million animals are used in the United States for research every year. The vast majority of these about 95% are rats and mice specifically bred for research. In 2000, there were 69,516 dogs and 25,560 cats used in research. By comparison, wildlife biologists estimate that over one million animals are killed every day by automobiles over 365 million per year. Dogs, cats, and non-human primates combined account for less than 3/4 of a percent of the total and their numbers has been declining for nearly 30 years. The number of dogs used in biomedical research has declined 67% since 1973, and the number of cats used in biomedical research has declined 63% since 1973.

TYPES OF ANIMALS USED IN ANIMAL RESEARCH
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
84% Rats, mice and other

rodents
12% Fish, amphibians,

reptiles and birds
1.5% Small mammals,mostly

rabbits
2.1% Sheep, cows, pigs and

other large mammals
0.3% Dogs and cats. 0.15% Monkeys, such as

marmosets and macaques

How can research results derived from animal testing be extrapolated to humans?
There are striking similarities between the physiological systems of humans and various species of animals. Much of what we know about the immune system has come from studies with mice, Much of what we know about the cardiovascular system has come from studies with dogs. Research results from animals also provide the information necessary to design human trials that must be completed for legal approval of new devices, drugs or procedures. It is important to be able to gauge how a new drug or procedure will affect a whole biological system before using it on humans.

Why is it important to conduct product safety tests on animals when "cruelty-free" products are available?
As recently as several decades ago, consumers were subjected to products that were not adequately tested prior to use, resulting in reports of permanent harm, including blindness. Product safety testing ensures that products are safe when used as directed. Testing provides scientific data for poison control centers and emergency room physicians in the event a product is misused. Adequate testing of products is a legal obligation to the public. It is important to remember the circumstances that led to safety testing of all new consumer ingredients and products, particularly cosmetics.

The use of animals in product safety testing provides a whole, living system that can reflect how certain substances will react in or on the body. The term "cruelty-free" is often misused and misunderstood. Companies that claim they conduct no animal testing either contract testing to an outside laboratory or use compounds known to be safe through previous animal testing.
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Cohort Study

A cohort study or panel study is a form of longitudinal study (a type of observational study) used in medicine Eg: Birth cohort It is an analysis of risk factors and follows a group of people who do not have the disease, and uses correlations to determine the absolute risk of subject contraction. It is one type of clinical study design and should be compared with a cross-sectional study. In medicine, a cohort study is often undertaken to obtain evidence to try to refute the existence of a suspected association between cause and effect; failure to refute a hypothesis strengthens confidence in it.
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Cohort Study

Nested case-control study eg: Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women, Household panel survey eg: These draw representative samples of households and survey them, following all individuals through time on a usually annual basis.

Who gets sick and who stays Healthy?
Observed Healthy and sick people
Time Passes
Healthy people with different experiences
Time Passes
Start with two similar groups of people. One Group has a disease and the other is healthy
Study Question: What happened in the past to give such different result.
Survey Study
Researchers ask people about their habits
Do you have sweet tooth? Do you use condoms? Do you eat 5 vegetables a day?
Surveys give a snapshot of the present / past and tell us what people say they do / did
Response bias? Cause vs. effect? Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.wordpress.com/
Ayurveda told in New Language To look new Avenues

Ayur-Veda = Life-knowledge, evolved in India long back focuses more on life style than symptoms, where the background is Three Doshas viz. Vata, Pitta & Kapha Are we able to tell all the words of Ayurveda conveniently in another language?
Vata
Vaa is Gati and Gandhana = to move things & Perceive Most influential Dosha Cell membrane transport, electrolyte balance, waste elimination, and cell division, etc are examples of its activity Aggravated by dryness Reduced by foods with building blocks
Thought of Amit Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society, University of Alabama School of Medicine
Pitta
Tap = to shine Metabolism and molecules of energy are equated Body temperature maintenance, optic nerve impulses, feelings of hunger and thirst are functions Aggravated by heat Reduced by cooling it
Kapha
Shlish = that which holds things together & derived from Klid the water Provides structure and lubrication Carbohydrates and polysaccharides, mucous, spinal fluid, and synovial fluid Aggravated by sweet and fatty foods Reduced by hot, dry, and light things

Understanding Avenues at Basic Level
The Siddhanta, Kriya, Rachana departments are running around either Clinical experiments or the preventive models They have to pay attention on Many concepts are duplicated or controversial at Ayurveda.- they need cross examination The Language used in many texts are critical and require explanation Many manuscripts are in cold storage require to focus and bring them in to lime light The shift from Principles to Prabhava is reduced with their guidelines

Understanding Avenues at Dravyaguna Undergraduate syllabus has 240 drugs for study out of Plant Kingdom We are loosing many out of them even either with negligence or by Govt. order As the Ayurveda Acharyas say all herbs are of medicinal importance Why the Dravyaguna department is not including the new herbs isolated, experimented in to the Ayurveda Glossary? We require to add as many as Herbs possible in to Ayurveda Literature

Understanding Avenues at RT/BK
The Pharmacy in Ayurveda require us to give many answers We often confused or unable to answer at scientific community about the Ayurveda Drug absorption Target action adversity reaction toxicity - excretion etc. Step by step individual researches should guide us for these answers and included in the curriculum instead of lingering around established validations Today we have new routes of administration of Drug eg: Inhalers, Patches, Injections, etc.

Injections in Ayurveda In 1982 when I started my GP in Ayurveda there were around 5000 generic Ayurveda Medicines available in the Market Along with Ayurveda Injections manufactured by Aravind Pharma of North India and Imis Pharma of South India We fight for the introduction of Injections in to GAD for 116 days and included them in to AP-GADs Now the scene is reversed and not even 500 generics are available in the market and no medicines in GADs

Understanding Avenues at Clinical Areas In these areas the public faith at Ayurveda is necessary to develop along with confidence in drug action Adaptations of new technology is admissible but not to change the entire principle migration on which we are prescribing the medicine A thorough adopted intervening investigation Interpretation required to clinical experiments to boost diagnostic techniques Methodical but not Result oriented Research in need

Understanding Avenues at Swasthavritta Swastavritta is meant for prevention and Life style development. Today we face lots of Lifestyle disorders and Occupational difficulties The focus of Swastavritta department should be on validating the Foods, Occupation, Lifestyle in respect with psychological and physical problems faced by either a child or an Adult

Understanding Avenues at Panchakarma The Panchakarma even though a part of Chikitsa is specialized with its procedural method It require instrumentation development along with observational study of validating the principles and establishing new schedules in Running World. Adaptations of Manipulation Medicine, Sowa-Rigpa (Tibetan Medicine), Stone Massage, Kalupadaghat Massage, etc. in to Panchakarma is required.

Understanding Avenues at Surgical areas An Engineer is the best who runs the machine without few of its parts A Surgeon is also like an Engineer who runs the Body without few parts Ayurveda Surgery imitating the Allopathic surgery We have the Knowledge of Marma, Siravyadha, etc. in addition requires to adopt the Marma Anastasia & Pinhole Surgery on Ayurveda Measures

New Design Structure for Ayurveda Research
Design Need Evaluation Brief
Realization Proposition
Investigation
Designing
Steps to Good Design

1. Identify and understand the problem - What does this product need to do? 2. Conceptual Design - How will this product do this? 3. Design Optimization - Is this the best way to do this? 4. Detail Design - How will the product work? 5. Build - Build the product. 6. Test and Evaluation - Does the product do what we want? 7. Return to step 1 if evaluation is not positive - If not, start over.
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Do not only see Observe Do not hear Listen Do not just prescribe Document Do not just treat Follow them
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda ASU Drugs to be used in RCH Program
AYUSH developed 17 drugs for Anti-natal, Post-natal, Infant and Female Health management. No drug is available in the CCIM curriculum of BAMS or market Rasayana, Astikshaya, Sleepada, Manoroga (Mental Retardation), Sickle Cell Anemia, Improvement of quality of Life in Cancer patients projects are under process
http://ccras.nic.in/Research_Actvities/20081103_NewDrug_Development.htm
New dimensions of Market

Many Ayurveda companies started launching their products as
OTC Commodity products like Toothpaste, Talks, Balms, etc. Cosmeceuticals to improve beauty like Facial Creams, scrubs, etc. Neutriceuticals Nutrition supplementations like Tonics, Paste, etc. pharmaceuticals new drug combinations or patent medicines by combining two or more traditional drugs
Updates in Research
Ayurveda is dependent on the Pharmacy Department for updates rather than Ayurveda Research Long ago Kirthikar Basu, Nadkarni, etc. added few additions in to the Herbal science but none of those materials are added for the curriculum Real Update in Ayurveda is seen as shift from Tridosha to Prabhava
Namburi Spot Test

- To evolve suitable methods to lay standards relevant to concept of Rasashastra. - To help ultimately in implementing the drug act in its full sense of utility. To identify & differentiate various Bhasma and Sindhoora which are chemically identical but therapeutically different by their specific names known in Ayurveda i.e. To find out whether the contents of a given container are the same qualitatively and quantitatively as claimed on its labels i.e. to find out whether the product is a standard, sub-standard or spurious one.

Few updates on Pumsavana
Ayurvedic technique of genetic engineering to ensure healthy progeny and to determine the sex of the child is Pumsavana. Pumsavana is one of the 16 Karmas (Sixteen rituals) practiced in various stages of life in ancient India. Ayurveda uses many Gender selection drugs such as Putramjeevi, Vatankura (Ficus Benghalensis),Apamarga (Achyranthus aspara), Shahachara (Berleria prionitis), Shivalingi (Bryonia Laciniosa) and Majuphal (Gtuercus infectoria) etc. This should be done only during astrological constellation of Pushya nakshatram
Pumsavana
Shivalingi (Bryonia Laciniosa)
A total of 22 key informants were interviewed during the Shivalingi (Bryonia Laciniosa) and Majuphal (Gtuercus infectoria) study period. Out of 50 subjects, 48 (96%) reported giving birth to male babies after taking SSDs. Failure in two cases was attributed to consumption of SSD after 3rd month of gestation. All the male children were reportedly normal.
[S Bandyopadhyay, AJ Singh, Sex Selection Through Traditional Drugs in Rural North India, Indian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 32, No. 1 (2007-01 - 200703) ]
Majuphal (Gtuercus infectoria)
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Toxic effects Updates on and lactation - safe for long term use, even during pregnancy increased Herb - Gastrointestinal effects - Decreased volume and reduced pH of the secretions in drug treated rats suggest a of the Asparagus responsiveness agents.gastric parietal cells to secretogogues and narcotizing racemosus Cytoprotective effect has been suggested to be due to increased output of mucus.
Galactogogue effect - A significant increase in milk yield has also been observed in guinea pigs and goats after feeding lactare which also increased growth of the mammary glands, alveolar tissues and acini in guinea pigs [23]. Effects on uterus - uterine sedative Immunomodulatory activities - reported to produce leucocytosis and predominant neutrophilia along with enhanced phagocytic activity of the macrophages and polymorphs. Respiratory system - reported to cause dilatory effect on bronchial musculature of guinea pigs but failed to antagonise the histamine induced broncho-constriction. CNS - Neither stimulant nor depressant action of lactare on central nervous system has been reported in albino mice
[Amit Chawla*, Payal Chawla, Mangalesh, R C Roy, Asparagus racemosus (Willd): Biological Activities & its Active Principles, Indo-Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, Vol 1., Issue 2: Page No. 113-120]
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda Updates on Herb Asparagus racemosus
Antibacterial Activities - showed maximum inhibition against A. hydrophila, P. fluorescencs and K. pneumoniae. Chloroform extract of A.racemosus showed higher inhibition (1.9cm/200 l) against. K.pneumoniae Methanol extract of A. racemosus showed considerable invitro antibacterial efficacy against E.coli, V. cholerae,B.subtilis and S.aureus, and it increases phagocytic activity of macrophages (Mandal, 2000). [1] Anti-diarrhoeal activity - The ethanol and aqueous extract of A. racemosus exhibited significant anti-diarrhoeal activity against castor oil induced diarrhoea in rats. [2] Phytoestrogen effect - A. racemosus root extract exerted a mammotropic and/or lactogenic influence on normal as well as on oestrogen primed animals thereby rendering the mammary epithelium refractory to the carcinogen. [3]
.[1] M.Sithi Jameela et.al, Antibacterial Activities of three medicinal plant extract against Fish Pathogens, International Journal of Biological Technology (2011) 2(2):57-60.] [2] N. Venkatesan et.al. Anti-diarrhoeal potential of asparagus racemosus wild root extracts in laboratory animals. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci (www.cspscanada.org) 8(1):39-45, 2005 [3] V. Ashajyothi et.al. ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS A PHYTOESTROGEN, Int.Journal Of Pharmacy&Technology
Herb Update Periwinkle
Sadapushpa / Sadabahar / Vinca rosea (Periwinkle) is an evergreen common shrub seen all around us blooming in every season. Usually the plant is of 1 meter tall with oval to oblong leaves. A clinical trial was conducted in 1998 with Vinca rosea on diabetes as a part of M.D. Ayurveda Thesis under my supervision. The results were excellent. Each one ml of the oil prepared has a power of regulating the 125-250 mg of Blood Glucose.
Herb Update Periwinkle
A study was carried on alloxan induced diabetic rats for 14 days. The methanolic extracts showed improvement in parameters like body weight and lipid profile as well as regeneration of beta-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies reinforce the healing of pancreas, by methanolic Vinca rosea extracts, as a possible mechanism of their antidiabetic activity [1] Aqueous extract of Piper nigrum seeds and Vinca rosea flowers were administered orally to alloxan induced diabetic rats once a day for 4 weeks. They are useful in controlling not only the glucose and lipid levels but these components may also be helpful in strengthening the antioxidants potential [2].
[1] Mohammed Fazil Ahmed et. al., Antidiabetic Activity of Vinca rosea Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, International Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 2010, Article ID 841090, 6 pages [2] M. KALEEM, SHEEMA, H. SARMAD AND B. BANO, PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PIPER NIGRUM AND VINCA ROSEA IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS, Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 49 (1) : 6571
Instrument Update Januvasti Yantra

Januvasti is done either on the knee joint or at the back with a brim filled with oil The drawback is entire knee joint is not exposed to treatment especially the ligaments To cover the entire knee surface a tube is inserted with both ends closed tightly with Masha paste cloth where on top opening for oil management added with a Thermometer to standardize the procedure
Tridax
procumbens
where do you see?
Vishalya Karani Family: Asteraceae Tribe: Heliantheae Genus: Tridax Species: T. procumbens
Extracted - Isolation and identification of steroidal saponin, characterized as b-sitosterol 3O-b-D-xylopyranoside, which has been isolated from the flowers of Tridax procumbens Linn. [1] Bioactivity studies The n-hexane extract of the flowers showed activity against Escherichia coli. A whole aerial part was active against Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella group C and Salmonella paratyphi. None of the tested extracts was active against the yeasts, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Rhodotorula rubra; or the fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp. and Trichophyton rubrum.[2]
[1] V K SAXENA and SOSANNA ALBERT, J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 117, No. 3, May 2005, pp. 263266. Indian Academy of Sciences. [2] Taddei A, Rosas-Romero AJ. Bioactivity studies of extracts from Tridax procumbens. Departamento de Qumica, Universidad Simn Bolvar, Caracas, Venezuela. ataddei@usb.ve

Anti-Diabetic activity T.procumbens leaves (200 mg/kg) orally procumbens administered for 7 days produced a significant decrease in the blood glucose level in the model where do you see? of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Petroleum extract exhibits a very weak anti-diabetic activity[3] Antioxidants T. procumbens plants are rich sources of natural antioxidant. T. procumbens has a percentage antioxidant activity (AA %) of 96.70 which was observed to be higher than those of gallic (92.92%) and ascorbic acids (94.81%) used as Vishalya Karani standards.
Family: Asteraceae Tribe: Heliantheae Genus: Tridax Species: T. procumbens
[3] Bhagwat DA, Killedar SG, Adnaik RS. Anti-diabetic activity of leaf extract of Tridax procumbens. Int J Green Pharm 2008;2:126-8 [4] J. D. Habila, et.al. Total phenolics and antioxidant activity of Tridax procumbens Linn. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 4(3), pp. 123-126, March 2010
Tridax
Nadi Impulse Simulogram

Nadi Impulse Simulogram is a unique advanced Ayurvedic pulse diagnosis software, that monitors impulses of molecules and cells in pulse developed by Dr. N.D. Raju of Hyderbad. This program works on the basis of Nadi input values decoded in to Kurma Nadi and Vasuli Nadi outputs. It develops various graphs of Dosha Gati index, Sroto pravrutti, krama and dusti, Chakra activity, Dhatuparinama Index, etc. in graphical manner, where the interpretation is made simple. Contact Dr. N. Dharmanandan Raju at idid_raju@yahoo.com or +9885040369.
Nadi Impulse Simulogram Output


General practitioner in Ayurveda The general practitioner in Ayurveda Provides personal, primary and continuing medical care to individuals and families and Specific responsibility for the health of the community He Makes an initial decision on every problem presented by patient and Consults specialists when ever is appropriate Intervenes to promote health and takes Clinical decisions influenced by prior probability of disease Has an advocacy role for the patient Apart from all above is there any responsibility of making RESEARCH at him?

Generalists and specialists require different knowledge, skills and attitudes but are complementary in their roles. The GP is committed to the person rather than to a particular body of knowledge, a group of diseases or special techniques (McWhinney 1997) A GP provides personal, primary and continuing care to individuals, families and a practice population. The spectrum of problems presenting in general practice is very different from that seen in hospital. The GP must combine the scientific and humanitarian approach to medical practice, providing holistic care to patients.
General Practice
Characteristics of GP & PHC

General practice Focus is illness: Individuals and families - First contact Local and accessible Small scale efficiency Tolerates uncertainty The three Cs: Continuity, Coordination, Continuing care
Primary health care Focus is local communities: 1. Local communities using local knowledge 2. Concerned about determinants of health - Socio-economic - Environmental 3. Empowers communities to control/influence - determinants of health 4. Education and prevention are key pieces
Clinical Care
Good clinical care Maintaining good medical practice Relationships with patients Working with colleagues Teaching and training Probity Health Models of health care Biomedical (biomechanical) and biopsychosocial Reductionist and holistic (integrative) Disease-based and illness-based Patient-centered and population-centered Reactive and anticipatory doctor-centered & Patient-centered
Avenues for research & Updates in Ayurveda The six 1. Exploring both the disease and the illness experience understanding Differential interactive diagnosis and Dimensions of illness components of 2. Understanding the whole person the patient3. Finding common ground regarding management Problems and priorities centered along with Goals of treatments process: 4. Incorporating prevention and health promotion in Health enhancement and Risk reduction 5. Enhancing the patient-doctor relationship by sharing and maintain the relation 6. Being realistic about Time and Resources

Known is Scarce and the ignored are abundant Knowledge is becoming capital for the Earning Research of course a part of the Game always Every time I see a Book or Net I am getting a new Idea or thought I dont understand why the others are not initiated If this narration offers any insight My effort is exercised Thank You One and All who get Awareness
Conclusion
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.webs.com/apps/members/
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://ayurmitra.wordpress.com/ /
Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://technoayurveda.blogspot.in/

Special Thanks to:
Ted Colton, ScD, Professor & Chair Emeritus, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Amit Pahwa, MS-4, Tinsley Harrison Society, University of Alabama School of Medicine Dr Girish Shrikrishna Tillu, Project Leader, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, Consultant, Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Pune, Consultant, Vishwanand Ayurveda Centre, Pune, Advisor, Global Herbs Pharmaceuticals, Pune gtillu@rediffmail.com Lauren Solberg, CRC Research Skills Workshop, January 18, 2008, lauren.b.solberg@vanderbilt.edu Dr. Gareth M. Forde, Bio Engineering Lab (BEL), Chemical Engineering Dr. Jayashree B. Keshav, Technical Officer, Atrimed Herbals, Pvt. Ltd. All the Images / Information collected from net for knowledge sharing If any copyright exists It goes to the respective individuals
technoayurveda@gmail.com THANK YOU

Its Technoayurveda International Presentation By Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad Of . . . http://www.technoayurveda.com

Avenues For Research & Updates in Ayurveda

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Avenues for & Updates in Ayurveda

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/