Crop Production Enterprise

Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane

Wheat
Wheat is the major cereal in India after rice Worlds most favored staple food and one of the important sources of carbohydrates with nutritional importance. Value-added products
Breads, Rolls (Hamburgers, muffins), Soft Cakes, Pies, Cookies, Flour etc

More demand and World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined.

Technologies
Row crop technology Intercrop practice Relay Cropping
wheat production gains have fallen behind corn and soybeans in recent years Four to Five rows of wheat grown in two rows of sugarcane is a popular practice now a days A practice in which the second crop is started amidst the first crop before it has been harvested. Soybeans and Wheat The Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed -planting System is a method where cultivation of crops is done on raised beds.

Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed-Planting (Firb) System

Technologies
Zero Tillage
In zero-tillage, without any field preparation, Wheat is sown directly after the harvest of Rice using a specially designed seed -cum -fertilizer drill. Under timely sown conditions, zero tillage can save field preparation costs of around Rs.2,000 - 2,500/- per hectare. Designed by Monsanto engineers specifically for the wheat breeding team to develop better-yielding wheat varieties. Wheat chipper is a proprietary machine that shaves a tiny tissue sample off a wheat seed to analyze the seeds genetics..

Wheat Chipper

selection of varieties, sowing of seed, fertilizer application, plant protection and water management etc

DWR Directorate of Wheat Research New wheat varieties released (2009-10)

Wheat varieties Name with parentage Developed by (Name of the Institute) Production Condition Area of Adoption Grain yield (q/ha) Avg. Potential

VL 907
DYBR 1982-83/842 ABVD 50/ W9385 // PBW 343

VPKAS, Almora PAU, Ludhiana

NHZ NWPZ

TS-IR TS-RF TS-IR

44.3 27.9 50.3

56.9 43.5 66.1

PDW 314 (d)

AJAIA-12 /F3 LOCAL SEL. ETHIO -135.85//PLATA 13/3/SOMA T-3/ 4/SOOTY/ RASCON 37

DBW 39
ATTILA/ HUI

DWR, Karnal JNKVV, Powarkheda ARI, Pune PDKV, Akola CSSRI, Karnal CSSRI, Karnal

NEPZ CZ PZ PZ Salt affected Salt affected

TS-IR TS-IR TS-IR LS-IR TS-IR TS-IR

44.0 47.8 42.8 42.8 33.7 33.6

55.2 65.3 60.9 60.9 49.3 43.9

MPO 1215 (d)

GW 1113/ GW 1114// HI 8381

MACS 6222
HD 2189*2/ MACS 2496

AKAW 4627
Selection from VIMAL

KRL210
PBW 65/2*PASTOR

KRL 213
CNDO / R143// ENTE/ MEXI-11/3/Ae.squarrosa (TAUS)/4/ WEAVER/5 /2 /*KAUZ

Production Technologies
Seed Rate and Spacing
Depends on seed size, germination percentage, time and method of sowing.
100 kg/ha at a seed weight of 38g/1000 seeds

Seeding depth should be 4 to 7 cm with a row spacing of 20 23 cm

For late sown wheat reduce spacing to 15 18 cm

Global Wheat Scenario

2nd largest producer in the world next to China from last 10 years

Top 10 wheat producers (2009-10)

Country China India Russia USA France Canada Quantity (m tons) 115.0 80.7 61.7 60.3 39.4 26.5 25.1 24.0 22.5 20.0 17.8 3.3% 2.9%

18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0

16.9%

Germany Pakistan 11.9% 9.1% 8.9% 5.8% 3.9% 3.7% Australia Ukraine Turkey 3.5%

2.6%

China

India

Russia

USA

France Canada Germany Pakistan Australia Ukraine Turkey

State Wide production statistics

Cost of Cultivation and Production

Input Costs

Item wise break up of Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)

Fixed Costs and Total Cost

Profit Maximization
Multiple Cropping /Relay Cropping
Producing a second crop allows for the increased use of machinery, labor, and land during the year and a lowering of fixed cost on a per-acre basis, resulting in a more profitable farming operation.

There are two primary requirements for profitable multiple cropping:

There must be adequate time for the production of a second crop. There must be adequate water to produce two crops, whether from stored soil moisture, rainfall, or irrigation.

Commercial Varieties of Wheat

Cotton
Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops playing a key role in Indian agriculture and economics. It provides employment to millions of people, earning valuable foreign exchange and improving the economy of farmers. Cotton is one of the finest natural fibers available for man for his clothing. Because of this cotton trade has developed into a big industry. Other Utilization
Home funishings Medical Supplies fishnets, coffee filters, tents, gunpowder, cotton paper

Technologies
Row Cropping Intercropping
short duration pulse crops such as green gram, black gram, cowpea, soybean etc in 1:2 ratio. In black soils, soybean, black gram and green gram are more suitable. In light soils green gram and cowpea can be used. In Adilabad, Guntur and Prakasam districts Intercropping of cotton with Pigeonpea / Sorghum is followed. Cotton Picker
Automate harvesting and this reduces harvest time and maximizes efficiency.

Harvesting Equipment

Cotton Stipper

Cotton Production Global Cotton Scenario

Though India ranks number one in the world with 20% (9M Hect.) of the total area planted under cotton, ranks only third position with only 19% in production of cotton.
China (first position - 26%) USA (second position 24%)

Indias average yield is only 319 kg/ha lint as compared to world average of 603 kg/ha.

State Wide production statistics

Cost of Cultivation and Production

Input Costs

Item wise break up of Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)

Fixed Costs and Total Cost

Varieties
Andhra Pradesh has unique distinction of cultivating the largest number of cotton varieties.

Sugarcane
Sugarcane is one of the most important commercial crops playing a key role in Indian agriculture and economics. Production of sugar, jaggery. Molasses (left over from sugar production)
Animal feed, fertilizers, adding to tobocco for hookab pipes, Bio-plastics, Cane Ethonal. Alcohol, bagasse (The fibrous residue of cane is called bagasse. It is used as a fuel for the generation of energy needed for sugar manufacture.)

Technologies
Tractor Operated Multipurpose Equipment
Developed by Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research

IISR Tractor operated improved two row sugarcane cutter planter IISR Moist hot air seed cane treatment unit Improved IISR Furnace
IISR Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research

Cotton Production Global Cotton Scenario

India is the second largest producer of sugarcane next to Brazil.

State Wide production statistics

Cost of Cultivation and Production

Input Costs

Item wise break up of Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)

Fixed Costs and Total Cost

Sugarcane Varieties
Here is a list of sugarcane varieties that are recommended for

Wheat Cotton Sugarcane

MSP per quintal (2011 - 2012)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

Wheat Rs. 1285 Cotton Rs. 2800 Sugarcane Rs. 145

Any Questions?
Thank You