Vel Lian Pd.5 4/24/10 A.P World History: CH.33 Ids 1. Sikh Soldiers: 2.

Indira Gandhi: Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru who was installed as a figurehead prime minister by the congress party bosses in 1966. As a strong-willed and astute politician, she soon became the central figure in India politics, a position she maintained through the 1970s and passed to her sons. 3. Jawaharlal Nehru: First leader of independent India after independence in 1947 who committed to programs of social reform, economic development, and preservation of civil liberties. 4. Bangladesh: Formerly East Pakistan but after a civil war became independent in 1972. 5. Parasitic cities: 6. Benazir Bhutto: Twice prime minister of Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s who first ran office to avenge her fathers execution by the military clique then in power. 7. Religious revivalism: An approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life. It increasingly associated with revivalist movements in a number of world religions, including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism. 8. Neocolonial economy: Industrialized nations continuing dominance of the world economy. It is also the ability of the industrialized nation to maintain economic colonialism without political colonialism. 9. Charismatic populists: 10. Gamal Nasser: Member of the Free Officers Movement that seized power in Egypt in a 1952 military coup. He became leader of Egypt and formed a state-directed reforming regime. He was later ousted Britain from the Suez Canal in 1956 but most reforms were unsuccessful. 11. Muslim Brotherhood: Egyptian religious and nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928 that became an example for later fundamentalist movements in the Islamic world. 12. Arab-Israeli War of 1945: 13. Hosni Mubarak: President of Egypt since 1981, succeeding Anwar Sadat and continuing his polices of cooperation with the West. 14. Anwar Sadat: Successor of Nasser as Egypts ruler who dismantled Nassers costly and failed programs and signed peace with Israel in 1973. 15. Green Revolution: Agricultural revolution that increased production through improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation. It helped to support rising Asian populations. 16. Ayatollah Khomeini: Religious leader of Iran following the 1979 revolution who worked for fundamentalist Islamic religious reform and elimination of Western influences.

17. Homelands: Areas in South Africa for residence of tribal African peoples that was overpopulated and poverty-stricken. 18. African National Congress (ANC): South African political organization founded in 1912 to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections. 19. Nelson Mandela: ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime who got released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994. 20. Steve Biko: (1946 1977) an organizer of Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, in opposition to apartheid. He was murdered while in police custody. F.W. de Klerk: White South African prime minister in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Working with Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress, de Klerk helped to dismantle the apartheid system and opened the way for a democratically elected government that represented all South Africans for the first time.