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WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

Test Procedure Materials

GMW14333

Resistance to Fuels of Exteriors Automotive Materials and Components

42.25% toluene (analytical grade). 12.68% di-isobutylene (analytical grade). 4.22% ethanol (analytical grade). 15.00% methanol (analytical grade). 0.50% water.

1 Scope
Note: Nothing in this standard supersedes applicable laws and regulations. Note: In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall take precedence. 1.1 Purpose. The objective of this standard is to determine the effects of fuels on exterior automotive materials and components. 1.1.1 Summary of Test Procedure. Using this method, resistance of sample parts to automotive fuels is determined by evaluation after repeated short immersions. 1.2 Foreword. Not applicable. 1.3 Applicability. Not applicable.

2 References
Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified. 2.1 External Standards/Specifications. ASTM D1744 DIN-51777-1 EDS-T-7014 GM9507 ISO 1817 ISO-10336 GMW3221

2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.

3 Resources
3.1 Facilities. Not applicable. 3.2 Equipment. 3.2.1 Apparatus for conditioning according to GMW3221. 3.2.2 Stop watch with 0.1 s divisions. 3.2.3 Suitable glass beakers to allow immersion of sample. 3.2.4 Sharp knife. 3.2.5 Test fuel composition as follows: ISO 1817 Liquid 2 with additional 20 ppm formic acid. 25.35% 2.2.4-trimethylpentane (analytical grade).

20 ppm formic acid (analytical grade). These are known alternatively as EDS-T-7014. 3.2.5.1 This fuel composition must be used for all technology approvals. Additional applications of this specification must be agreed upon by the responsible engineer. (i.e., local Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) testing or problem solving, etc.) 3.2.6 Preparation of Fuel Test Fluid (Gasoline). 3.2.6.1 Mixture A. In a first step, the components trimethylpentane, toluene and/or di-isobutylene have to be mixed in a way that the final composition of the fluid corresponds to the composition as given in 3.2.5. 3.2.6.2 Water Content. Since the final fuel test fluid contains a specified amount of water, the primary water content of mixture A shall be determined using the Karl Fischer Titration method (ISO 10336, ASTM D1744 or DIN 51777-1). 3.2.6.3 Mixture B. The volume parts of methanol and/or ethanol respectively shall be added to mixture A with the appropriate volume parts of test fluid blend to give a composition approximating to that specified in 3.2.5. 3.2.6.4 Water Content (if applicable). The water content of mixture B shall be determined using the Karl Fischer Titration. Afterwards, distilled or deionised water shall be added to attain the required concentration. 3.2.6.5 Mixture C (Additives). Lastly, the acid (dissolved in absolute ethanol) or corrosive content shall be added to reach the final fuel test fluid (mixture C). 3.2.6.6 Water Content (if Applicable). Water content of mixture C shall again be determined to ensure compliance per 3.2.5. The test fluid shall be stored in a sealed brown or opaque glass bottle or suitable metal container.

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GMW14333

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

4.1.1.2 Self-Adhesive Parts. Minimum 24 h after adhering. 4.1.1.3 Plastic Parts. Minimum of 24 h. 4.1.1.4 Conditioning and Testing. Conditioning and testing shall not be carried out within 72 h after manufacturing. 4.2 Conditions. 4.2.1 Environmental Conditions. Not applicable. 4.2.2 Test Conditions. Deviations from the requirements of this standard shall have been agreed upon. Such requirements shall be specified on component drawings, test certificates, reports, etc. 4.3 Instructions. 4.3.1 Test Procedure. 4.3.1.1 Test Cycles. The number of test cycles to which test pieces shall be subjected shall be as follows: Table 1: Test Cycles Method A B C Number of Test Cycles 10 (see 4.4.1) Continuous for 1 h (See 4.4.2) As specified

Note: During the use of the test fluid, all orders and regulations concerned with safety must be observed i.e., flammability of fluids regulations and those relating to dangerous work materials. 3.3 Test Vehicle/Test Piece. 3.3.1 Plastic Parts. Wherever possible, complete components shall be tested. Where size, configuration, etc., restricts testing, sections of convenient size, cut from the components, shall be used. In such cases, the cut edges produced during preparation shall be suitable masked (by the use of tape etc.) prior to testing. 3.3.2 Organic Coatings. For organic coatings, specially prepared test panels can be used. The test panels shall be 250 5 mm x 20 2 mm x 1 0.5 mm and should be made from substrate representative of production intent. The quality of the organic coating and its procedure of application shall be as per current final finish procedures appropriate to the envisaged application of the material under test. The organic coating shall be in accordance to the relevant material specification. 3.3.3 Self Adhesive Films. For self-adhesive films, the film shall be applied, as per production procedures to production intent surfaces prepared per 4.1.1 unless otherwise previously agreed. 3.3.4 Number of Test Pieces. A minimum of three test pieces shall be tested. Note: Samples shall be free from visual defects which could add to the severity of the test. 3.4 Test Time. Not applicable. Calendar time: Test hours: Coordination hours: days hours hours

3.5 Test Required Information. Not applicable. 3.6 Personnel/Skills. Not applicable.

4 Procedure
4.1 Preparation. 4.1.1 Test Sample Conditioning and Preparation. Test pieces shall be tested after conditioning to GMW3221 for periods as defined below. 4.1.1.1 Metallic Substrates. 4.1.1.1.1 For oven dried organic coatings, minimum of 24 h after coating and baking. 4.1.1.1.2 For air dried organic coatings, minimum of 72 h after coating and drying. 4.1.1.1.3 For components from the supplier, to be tested as received.

4.3.2 Test Temperature. The test shall be performed at 23 5C. 4.4 Instructions. 4.4.1 Method A (Dip). 4.4.1.1 Conditioned test pieces shall be immersed in the test fluid contained in a beaker, for 10 1 s and allowed to dry over the beaker for 20 1 s (note this full sequence consists of 1 cycle). This procedure shall be repeated for the specified number of cycles. See 4.3.1.1. 4.4.1.2 For Organic Coatings Only. Immediately after the 5th immersion, the painted surface shall be checked for thumbnail hardness per GM9507P. Thumbnail test shall be run in a different area each time. 4.4.1.3 Repeat 4.4.1.1 and 4.4.1.2 for total of 10 immersions. 4.4.1.4 Record rating after each thumbnail hardness check. 4.4.1.5 After completion of the required number of test cycles, the test pieces shall then be allowed to recondition for 1 h at 23 5C and evaluated. Test pieces shall remain in a vertical position. 4.4.2 Method B (Continuous Immersion). For painted parts, samples shall be scribed with a

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sharp knife. The scribe pattern shall be two series of 11 parallel lines intersecting at an angle of 90 degrees. The distance between the lines shall be 3 to 4 mm. See Figure 1.

GMW14333

Scribe Pattern Figure 1: Method B 4.4.2.1 Conditioned test pieces shall be completely immersed in the test fluid contained in a beaker. The beaker shall then be covered to prevent evaporation during testing. 4.4.2.2 After 15 minutes immersion, the test samples shall be removed and the number of cells that have blistered or lifted from the substrate quickly counted. The area of each affected cell should be estimated to the nearest 25%. 4.4.2.3 The test samples shall be immediately returned to immersion in the test fluid. Total time out of the fluid shall not exceed one minute. 4.4.2.4 The evaluation described above shall be repeated every 15 minutes up to 60 minutes.

5 Data
5.1 Calculations. 5.1.1 Evaluation and Rating. 5.1.1.1 Method A (Dip). Test pieces shall be examined with the naked eye and compared with untested reference samples, taken either from the same component or test sample, or from the same batch of components or test samples. The visual examination shall determine whether or not the requirements of the following ratings, dependent upon the nature of the material under test, are complied with, and shall be reported accordingly: 5.1.1.1.1 Rating 1 for Plastics. No change of surface, e.g., change in gloss, shrinkage, discoloration, swelling, dissolution, wrinkling or creasing, blistering, distortion, cracking, etc. 5.1.1.1.2 Rating 2 for Organic Coated Surfaces. No change of surface, e.g., change in gloss, shrinkage, discoloration, swelling, dissolution, wrinkling or creasing, blistering, distortion, cracking

etc. Thumbnail hardness to meet the requirements of GM9507P. 5.1.1.1.3 Rating 3 for Self-Adhesive Films. No deterioration of adhesive strength in the adhered area. No change of surface, e.g., change in gloss, shrinkage, discoloration, swelling, dissolution, wrinkling or creasing, blistering, distortion, cracking etc. Swelling of the adhered edges, up to 1 mm penetration shall be permitted. 5.1.1.1.4 Rating 4 as Specified. Any other specified properties which are deemed necessary, and which are defined separately. 5.1.1.2 Method B (Continuous Immersion). 5.1.1.2.1 The percentage of paint removed or blistered at each evaluation shall be reported. 5.1.1.2.2 Rating 1 for Plastics. No change of surface, e.g., change in gloss, shrinkage, discoloration, swelling, dissolution, wrinkling or creasing, blistering, distortion, cracking, etc. 5.1.1.2.3 Rating 2 for Organic Coated Surfaces. No change of surface, e.g., change in gloss, shrinkage, discoloration, swelling, dissolution, wrinkling or creasing, blistering, distortion, cracking etc. 5.1.1.2.4 Rating 3 as Specified. Any other specified properties which are deemed necessary, and which are defined separately. 5.1.1.3 Method C (as Specified). 5.1.1.3.1 Evaluation and rating shall be as agreed between the design release engineer and the supplier. 5.2 Interpretation of Results. Not applicable. 5.3 Test Documentation. 5.3.1 The report shall completely describe the materials tested. 5.3.2 Deviations from this standard shall have been agreed upon between supplier and vehicle manufacturer. All deviations shall be specified on the component drawings, material specifications, etc., and shall be indicated on test certificates, reports, etc.

6 Safety
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not propose to address all the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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GMW14333 7 Notes
7.1 Glossary. Not applicable. 7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols. PPAP Production Part Approval Process

GM WORLDWIDE ENGINEERING STANDARDS

9.2 Revisions. Rev B Approval Date MAY 2009 Description (Organization) Revised to show 11 line scribe pattern. Removed callout for adhesion testing in paragraphs 5.1.1.1.2 and 5.1.1.2.2. Specific fuel composition added in section 3.2.5. Preparation of test fuel added in section 3.2.6. Added paragraphs 4.4.1.2, 4.4.1.3, 4.4.1.4, 4.4.1.5 thumbnail after dip. (Global Paint & Polymers Center)

8 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as follows: Test to GMW14333

9 Release and Revisions

9.1 Release. This standard originated in September 2005, replacing GMI 60265. It was first approved by Global Paint and Materials Engineering in May 2006. It was first published in July 2006.

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