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Product Description
Issue Date
01 2009-04-30
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
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Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document. Product Name OptiX RTN 910 OptiX iManager T2000 Version V100R001C00 V200R007C03
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network planning engineers. Before you read this document, ensure that you have acquired the basic knowledge of digital microwave communication.
Organization
This document is organized as follows. Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Functions and Features 3 Product Structure Content Describes the network application and components of the OptiX RTN 910. Describes the features and system architecture of the IDU. Describes the features, system architecture, board configuration, and signal processing flow of the OptiX RTN 910.
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Content Describes the service features of the OptiX RTN 910. Describes the network management (NM) solution for the OptiX RTN 910, and also the various NM software that contributes to this solution. Describes the performance indexes of the OptiX RTN 910.
Conventions
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Symbol Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
General Conventions
The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention Times New Roman Boldface Italic Courier New Description Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman. Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface. For example, log in as user root. Book titles are in italics. Examples of information displayed on the screen are in Courier New.
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Update History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all updates made in previous issues.
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Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Network Application .....................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Components...................................................................................................................................................1-2
3 Product Structure........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 System Architecture ......................................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Hardware Structure .......................................................................................................................................3-2 3.2.1 IDU ......................................................................................................................................................3-3 3.2.2 ODU.....................................................................................................................................................3-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
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Contents
3.3 Software Structure.........................................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.1 NMS Software .....................................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.2 IDU Software .......................................................................................................................................3-5 3.3.3 ODU Software .....................................................................................................................................3-6 3.4 Service Signal Flow ......................................................................................................................................3-6
4 Services.........................................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Ethernet Services...........................................................................................................................................4-1 4.2 IMA/ATM Services .......................................................................................................................................4-3 4.3 CES Services.................................................................................................................................................4-4
6 Performance ................................................................................................................................6-1
6.1 RF Performance ............................................................................................................................................6-1 6.1.1 Microwave work modes.......................................................................................................................6-1 6.1.2 Frequency Band ...................................................................................................................................6-2 6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity .............................................................................................................................6-3 6.1.4 Transceiver Performance......................................................................................................................6-6 6.1.5 IF Performance.....................................................................................................................................6-8 6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem....................................................................6-9 6.2 Packet Service Capability..............................................................................................................................6-9 6.3 Equipment Reliability ...................................................................................................................................6-9 6.3.1 Component Reliability .......................................................................................................................6-10 6.3.2 Link Reliability ..................................................................................................................................6-10 6.4 Interface Performance .................................................................................................................................6-10 6.4.1 E1 Interface Performance...................................................................................................................6-10 6.4.2 Ethernet Interface Performance.......................................................................................................... 6-11 6.4.3 Auxiliary Interface Performance ........................................................................................................6-13 6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance........................................................................................6-14 6.6 Integrated System Performance...................................................................................................................6-14
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1 Introduction
1
1.1 Network Application
Introduction
The OptiX RTN 910 is one of the series products of the OptiX RTN 900 radio transmission system.
The OptiX RTN 900 is a new generation split microwave transmission system developed by Huawei. It can provide a seamless microwave transmission solution for a mobile communication network or private network. The OptiX RTN 900 products are available in two types: OptiX RTN 910 and OptiX RTN 950. The IDU of the OptiX RTN 910 is 1U high and supports one or two IF boards. The IDU of the OptiX RTN 950 is 2U high and supports one to six IF boards. The users can choose an appropriate type according to the actual requirements. The OptiX RTN 910 provides several types of service interfaces and facilitates installation and flexible configuration. It supports the smooth upgrade from the TDM microwave to the hybrid microwave, and from the hybrid microwave to the packet microwave. The solution can evolve based on the service changes that may occur due to radio mobile network evolution. Thus, this solution can meet the transmission requirements of not only 2G and 3G networks, but also future LTE and 4G networks. Figure 1-1 shows the packet microwave transmission solution that is provided by the OptiX RTN 910 for the mobile communication network.
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1 Introduction
Figure 1-1 Packet microwave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 910
FE FE E1
IMA E1
E1 FE E1 IMA E1 FE E1
NodeB
BTS
RNC
BSC
In the solutions, the local backhaul network is optional. The OptiX RTN 910 can be connected to the RNC or the BSC directly. When the OptiX RTN 910 supports the microwaves in three directions or more, you can adopt the NE cascading mode or use the OptiX RTN 950, which is more powerful.
1.2 Components
The OptiX RTN 910 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 910 and the ODU. An ODU is connected to an IDU through a coaxial cable.
IDU 910
IDU 910 is the indoor unit of an OptiX RTN 910 system. It accesses services, performs multiplexing/demultiplexing and IF processing of the services, and provide system control and communication function. Table 1-1 describes the basic features of the IDU 910. Table 1-1 Introduction of the IDU 910 Item Chassis height Pluggable Number of microwave directions Performance 1U Supported 12
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Performance 1+0 non-protection configuration 2+0 non-protection configuration 1+1 protection configuration
ODU
The ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 900. It performs frequency conversion and amplification of signals. The OptiX RTN 900 series products share one set of OptiX RTN 600 ODUs. The OptiX RTN 910 support standard power ODU and high power ODU. Table 1-2 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 910 Item Description Standard Power ODU ODU type Frequency band SP and SPA 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/38 GHz (SP ODU) 6 GHz (SPA ODU) Microwave modulation scheme QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/ 128QAM/256QAM (SP ODU) QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/ 128QAM (SPA ODU) Microwave modulation scheme 7/14/28 MHz 7/14/28/40/56 MHz QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64 QAM/128QAM/256QAM High Power ODU HP 7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/32/38 GHz
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1 Introduction
There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separate mounting. The direct mounting method is normally adopted when a small-diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one antenna, the ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are configured for one antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid coupler) must be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-3 shows the direct mounting method. Figure 1-3 Direct mounting
The separate mounting method is adopted when a double-polarized antenna or big-diameter and single-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-4 shows the separate method. In this situation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted. That is, two ODUs share one feed boom. Figure 1-4 Separate mounting
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2.1 Frequency Band
The OptiX RTN 910 provides plentiful functions and features to ensure the quality and efficiency of service transmission.
The OptiX RTN 910 provides the products of full frequency bands. When the OptiX RTN 910 uses the standard power ODU, the 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, and 38 GHz frequency bands are supported. When the OptiX RTN 910 uses the high power ODU, the 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 23, 26, 32, and 38 GHz frequency bands are supported.
Related Concepts
6.1.2 Frequency Band
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The bandwidth for the packet services varies according to the channel conditions. When the channel quality is poor, the packet services of a lower priority are discarded. Figure 2-2 AM
256QAM 128QAM 32QAM QPSK 256QAM Channel Capability Packet Services 64QAM 128QAM 32QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM
The AM technology adopted by the OptiX RTN 910 has the following features: The AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM modulation scheme. The lowest modulation scheme (also called "reference mode") and the highest modulation scheme (also called "nominal mode") actually used by the AM can be configured. When the modulation schemes of AM are switched, the transmit frequency, receive frequency, and channel spacing do not change. When the modulation schemes of AM are switched, the step by step switching mode must be adopted. When the AM switches the modulation schemes to a lower one, the services of the low priority are discarded but no bit errors or slips occur in the services of the high priority. The speed of switching the modulation schemes meets the requirement for no bit error in the case of 100 dB/s fast fading.
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Table 2-1 RF configuration modes Configuration Mode 1+0 non-protection configuration 1+1 protection configuration (1+1 HSB/FD/SD) 2+0 non-protection configuration Maximum Number of Configuration 2 1 1
2.5 Capacity
The OptiX RTN 910 has a large capacity.
Related Concepts
6.1.1 Microwave Modulation Schemes
2.6 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 910 has several interface types.
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Quantity 1
Rate 64 kbit/s
The PTP path is used to transmit PTP (namely, IEEE 1588V2 protocol) packets to transport the high-precision time/clock on radio links.
75-ohm E1 interface (supporting the TDM E1, IMA E1, and ML-PPP E1) 10/100BASE-T(X) interface
16 4 16 4
CXPBR
120-ohm E1 interface (supporting the TDM E1, IMA E1, and ML-PPP E1) 10/100BASE-T(X) interface
Table 2-4 lists the type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service interface boards to the OptiX RTN 910. Table 2-4 Type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service interface boards Type of Service Interface Board Maximum Number of Boards 1 1 1 1 Provided Service Interface Number of Interfaces Provided by One Board 8 8 2 16
FE electrical interface: 10/100BASE-T(X) FE optical interface GE optical interface 75-ohm E1 interface (supporting the TDM E1,
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IMA E1, and ML-PPP E1) ML1A 1 120-ohm E1 interface (supporting the TDM E1, IMA E1, and ML-PPP E1)
"Maximum Number of Boards" in the Table 2-4 is the maximum number calculated when at least one IF board is configured.
The clock/time interfaces can be used as the clock interfaces or the time interfaces. If the interfaces are used as the clock interfaces, they support 2048 kbit/s mode or 2048 kHz mode. If the interfaces are used as the time interfaces, they support 1PPS + Time Information mode or DCLS mode.
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Feature
Description ATM/IMA emulation services over an LSP tunnel. The equipment supports the encapsulation of the Ethernet and the transmission over an LSP tunnel to implement E-Line services. Supports static PWs and dynamic PWs, and adopts the LDP protocol to set up and maintain dynamic PWs.
Others
The equipment supports the conversion of different QoSs for processing based on the service type.
2.10 QoS
OptiX RTN 910 provide improved quality of service (QoS) capabilities and support the following eight per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7. Thus, the OptiX RTN 910 can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and build an integrated network to carry data, voice, and video services. Table 2-9 QoS features Feature Traffic Performance Classifies the traffic over an Ethernet interface by the following fields:
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Feature classification
Performance DSCP or IP precedence in an IP packet EXP in an MPLS packet IEEE 802.1p priority in an S-VLAN/C-VLAN packet
Traffic policing
Supports CAR and policies traffic in the following two modes: Color-blind mode Color-aware mode
Queue scheduling
Each Ethernet port supports the queue scheduling of eight priorities. Schedules the CS7, CS6, and EF queues in Strict Priority (SP) mode. Schedules the AF1, AF2, AF3, and AF4 queues in Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) mode. Schedules the BE queues in SP mode.
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NM Mode
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the following functions: Accessing the iManager T2000 LCT directly at the near end of the NE to perform the single-point management for the NE Using the OptiX iManager T2000 to manage all OptiX RTN NEs on the transmission network and the NEs of Huawei optical transmission products in the centralized manner and manage the transmission networks in the unified manner
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The OptiX RTN 910 supports the hot fix function. You can upgrade the software that is running without interrupting services. The OptiX RTN 910 supports the software version rollback function. When a software upgrade fails, the original services of the system can be recovered.
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3 Product Structure
3
3.1 System Architecture
Figure 3-1 Block diagram
Product Structure
This topic describes the system structure, hardware structure, and software structure of the product, and the process of processing service signals.
The OptiX RTN 910 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit, service switching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power unit, and ODU.
RF signal ODU IDU Service interface unit Service bus Service switching unit IF signal Service bus Antenna
Ethernet E1
IF unit
Clock unit
Control unit
Fan unit
Power unit
Clock/time interface
NM data
-48V/-60V DC
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Table 3-1 Functional unit Functional Unit Service interface unit Function Accesses E1 signals. Accesses Ethernet signals. Performs the corresponding PWE3 encapsulation for various signals that are accessed. Service switching unit IF unit Processes the MPLS protocol and forwards packets. Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps microwave frame signals to service signals. Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF analog signals. Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU. Supports FEC. Control unit System communications and control. System configuration and management. Collects alarms and monitors performance. Processes overheads. Clock unit Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signals for the system. Processes the IEEE 1588V2 protocol to implement the clock or time synchronization. Provides input and output interfaces for the clock or time. Auxiliary interface unit Provides the orderwire interface. Provides the synchronous data interface. Provides the external alarm input/output interface. Power unit Accesses 48 V/60 V DC power. Provides 48 V/+3.3 V power for the IDU. Provides 48 V power for the ODU. Fan unit ODU Provides wind cooling for the IDU. Converts IF analog signals to RF signals and RF signals to IF analog signals. Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.
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3.2.1 IDU
The IDU 910 is the IDU of the OptiX RTN 910. The IDU 910 adopts the card plug-in design. It can implement different functions by configuring different types of boards. Figure 3-2 IDU slot layout
SLOT SLOT 5 6 (PIU) (FAN) SLOT 3 (EXT) SLOT 4 (EXT)
The EXT represents an extended slot, which can be inserted with various IF boards and interface boards.
Table 3-2 List of IDUs Board Name CXPAR Full Name System control, switching, and clock board System control, switching, and clock board Valid Slot Slot 1 & slot 2 Description Provides 3 Gbit/s packet switching. Performs system communication and control. Processes the clock signals, provides two clock/time common interface . Provides 16xE1 interfaces (The CXPAR provides 75-ohm interfaces, and the CXPBR provides 120-ohm interfaces). Provides four FE interfaces. Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one NM serial interface, and one NE cascading interface. Provides one orderwire phone interface?, one synchronous data interface, and three-input and one-output external alarm interfaces?. IFE2 Packet IF board with a large capacity 8xFE service interface board 8xFE service interface board 2xGE service interface board 16xE1 service processing board (75 ohms) Slot 3 or slot 4 Slot 3 or slot 4 Provides one IF interface. Supports the packet microwave. Supports AM. Slot 3 or slot 4 Provides eight FE interfaces. Provides 8xFE optical interfaces. Uses the SFP optical module to provide two GE optical interfaces. Provides 16 75-ohm E1 interfaces. Processes the following services flexibly:?TDM E1, IMA E1, and ML-PPP E1
CXPBR
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Full Name 16xE1 service processing board (120 ohms) Power board Fan board
Description Provides 16 120-ohm E1 interfaces. Processes the following services flexibly: TDM E1, IMA E1, and ML-PPP E1
TNC1PIU TNC1FAN
Slot 5 Slot 6
Provides two 48 V/60 V DC power inputs. Cools and ventilates the IDU.
3.2.2 ODU
The ODU is an integrated system and has various types. The structures and working principles of various types of ODUs are the same.
Block Diagram
Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU
Multiplexer Tx IF O&M uplink Cable port Tx RF Diplexer
Up-conversion
AMP
O&M downlink
DC
PWR
Rx IF
Down-conversion
LNA
Rx RF
The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the CTRL control unit. The 48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supply of a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the ODU.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
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Related Concepts
5.1 Network Management Solution
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3 Product Structure
The board software manages and controls the running status of other IDUs except the system control board. Currently, the IDU does not have the independent board software. The board software of the IDU, in the form of modules, is integrated into the NE software and runs in the CPU of the system control board.
Table 3-3 Service signal processing flow in the transmit direction SN 1 Component CXPAR/CXPBR Signal Processing Description Accesses E1 signals and FE signals, and extracts E1 service payloads and Ethernet frames. Performs the PWE3 encapsulation for E1 service payloads in CES emulation mode to form the Ethernet frames that carry PW packets. Performs Ethernet Layer 2 processing for Ethernet frames based on the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, and then performs the PWE3 encapsulation to form the Ethernet frames that carry PW packets. Processes the Ethernet frames that carry and isolate PW packets based on the service configuration and the Layer 3 protocol, and then forwards the processed Ethernet frames to IFE2.
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SN 2
Component IFE2
Signal Processing Description Selects the proper coding and modulation schemes according to the quality of the channel. Accesses the Ethernet frames transmitted from the CXPAR or CXPBR. Maps Ethernet frames into the microwave frame payload area to form microwave frames along with the microwave frame overheads. FEC coding. Digital modulation. D/A conversion. Analog modulation Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals. The ODU O&M signals are already modulated by the auxiliary modem. Transmits the combined signals and 48 V power to the ODU through the coaxial cable.
ODU
Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and 48 V power. Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up conversions and amplifications. Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the waveguide.
Table 3-4 Service signal processing flow in the receive direction SN 1 Component ODU Signal Processing Description Isolates and filters RF signals. Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through down conversions and amplifications. Controls the level of the signals through the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit. Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals. The O&M signals are already modulated by an auxiliary modem. Transmits the combined signals to the IF boards.
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SN 2
Component IFE2
Signal Processing Description Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals. A/D conversion. Digital demodulation. Time domain adaptive equalization. FEC decoding. Synchronizes and descrambles the frames. Extracts overheads from microwave frames. Extracts Ethernet frames from microwave frames, and then transmits the Ethernet frames to the CXPAR or CXPBR.
CXPAR/CXPBR
Processes the Ethernet frames that carry PW packets based on the service configuration and the Layer 3 protocol, and then forwards the processed Ethernet frames. Extracts Ethernet frames and E1 service payloads from PW packets. Outputs Ethernet frames that are processed according to the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, through FE interface. Outputs E1 service payloads through E1 interface.
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4 Services
4
4.1 Ethernet Services
Service Forms
Services
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the Ethernet services, IMA services, and CES services.
The OptiX RTN 910 provides E-line and E-Aggr services over the public PSN for customers by using the MPLS, IP and GRE tunnel based L2VPN technology.
Standardization organizations such as ITU-T, IETF, and MEF stipulate the model frames for E-line services. Table 4-1 lists the model frames. The OptiX RTN 910 adopts the model frame that is stipulated by MEF. Table 4-1 Comparison among L2 Ethernet services stipulated by the standardization organizations Service Type Service Multiplexing (Access Side) Physically isolated Physically isolated VLAN Transmission Channel (Network Side) Physically isolated VLAN MPLS Physically isolated VLAN MPLS IETF Model VPWS VPWS ITU-T Model EPL EVPL MEF Model E-Line
Point-topoint service
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4 Services
Company A has branches in City 1 and City 3. Company B has branches in City 2 and City 3. Company C has branches in City 1 and City 2. The branches of Company A, Company B, and Company C require data communication among themselves within the Company. The OptiX RTN 900 equipment can provide E-line services for Company A, Company B, and Company C respectively to meet the communication requirements. In this case, the OptiX RTN 900 can ensure that the service data of each company is fully isolated. Figure 4-1 E-Line service illustration
Company A
Company A
Company C City 1
Company B City 3
Company C
City 2
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FE
FE
GE
FE
Node B
RNC
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A maximum of 32 ATM cells can be concatenated for a PW. A maximum of 192 ATM services can be supported. A maximum of 384 ATM connections (local service, including VCCs and VPCs) or 768 ATM connections (remote service, including VCCs and VPCs) can be supported. A maximum of 8 IMA groups can be supported by the ML1 and ML1A boards. A maximum of 16 E1 links can be supported in each IMA group.
Application Model
The OptiX RTN 910 can access CES services by using the PWE3 technology. The CES service mainly applies to the wireless service and the enterprise private line service. The 2G base station or enterprise private line accesses the OptiX RTN 910 by using the E1 line. The OptiX RTN 900 equipment slices and encapsulates the E1 signals into data packets, which are then transported to the opposite end through the PW in the metropolitan transport network. See Figure 4-3. Figure 4-3 Application model of the CES service
Backbone layer
Convergence layer
RNC
BSC
Access layer
NodeB
BTS
BTS
NodeB
CES
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In the case of a local CES service, it is like that there are two links on the equipment. The CES service is transmitted upstream over one link and is transmitted downstream over the other link.
Emulation Mode
The OptiX RTN 910 supports CES services of the two modes known as the structured emulation mode and the unstructured emulation mode. The structured emulation mode is referred to as structure-aware TDM circuit emulation service over packet switched network (CESoPSN). In this mode: The equipment senses frame structures, frame alignment modes, and timeslots in the TDM circuit. The equipment processes the overhead and extracts the payload in TDM frames. Then, the equipment delivers timeslots of each channel to the packet payload according to a certain sequence. Thus, services of each channel in the packet are fixed and visible. Each data packet that carries the CES service loads a fixed number of TDM frames. The encapsulation time can be configured from 0.125 ms to 5 ms. The jitter buffer can be configured from 0.125 ms to 5 ms. The unstructured emulation mode is referred to as structure-agnostic TDM over packet (SAToP). In this mode: The equipment considers the TDM signals as bit streams at a constant rate instead of sensing structures in the TDM signals. The entire bandwidth of the TDM signals is emulated. Overheads and payloads in the TDM signals are transparently transmitted. The encapsulation time can be configured from 0.125 ms to 5 ms. The jitter buffer can be configured from 0.125 ms to 5 ms. In the CESoPSN mode, the OptiX RTN 910 provides the compression function for the idle 64 kbit/s timeslots in the TDM E1 signals, to save the transmission bandwidth.
Service Clocks
TDM services have high requirements for clock synchronization. The OptiX RTN 910 supports the retiming synchronization mode, and self-adaptation synchronization mode. In the retiming synchronization mode, the system clock of the PEs are synchronized and the system clock is used as the service clock (retiming). Thus, all the PEs and CEs are synchronized and the service clocks of the TDM services on all the CEs and PEs are synchronized. See Figure 4-4.
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TDM CE PE
CES PE
TDM CE
In the self-adaptation synchronization mode, the PE equipment at the ingress side extracts clock from the TDM interface. The PE equipment at the egress side recovers the TDM clock through the CES service. See Figure 4-5. Figure 4-5 Self-adaptation synchronization mode of the CES service clock
Service clock generated according to the clock information in the CES service Line timing mode started to extract the clock from the TDM interface
TDM BTS PE
CES PE
TDM BSC
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This topic describes the network management solution and various NMS software that contribute to this solution.
Network-level NM
iManager T2100
Subnetwork-level NM
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NE Management
Searching for NEs Adding/Deleting NEs Logging in to or out of NEs NE time management
Alarm Management
Setting alarm monitoring strategies Viewing alarms Deleting alarms
Performance Management
Setting performance monitoring strategies Viewing performance events Resetting performance registers
Configuration Management
Basic NE information configuration Microwave link configuration Protection configuration Interface configuration Service configuration Clock configuration
Communication Management
Communication parameter management DCC management HWECC protocol management IP protocol management
Security Management
NE user management NE user group management LCT access control Online user management NE security parameters NE security log NMS user management NMS log management
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5.3 T2000
The T2000 is a subnetwork-level network management system. A user can access the T2000 server through a T2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in the unified manner. The T2000 can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the management function at the network layer.
NE Level Management
NE object management NE level alarm management NE level performance management NE level configuration management NE level communication management NE level security management
Others
Report function Northbound SNMP interface
5.4 T2100
The T2100 is a network level management system. Users can access the T2100 server through a special T2100 client and thus achieve uniform management over multiple transmission networks composed of OptiX series transmission products. The T2100 and the T2000 form a multi-layer management network to manage large transmission networks. The hierarchical management system has the following features: Strengthens the network management ability. Realizes uniform network management. Separates NE management from network management. Meets the requirements for the O&M mechanism of operators.
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T2100
DCN
T2000
T2000
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6
6.1 RF Performance
6.1.1 Microwave work modes
Performance
This topic describes the technical specifications of the OptiX RTN 910.
This topic describes the radio frequency (RF) performance and various technical specifications related to microwaves.
This section lists the microwave work modes that are supported by the OptiX RTN 910. Table 6-1 Microwave work modes Channel Spacing (MHz) 7 7 7 7 7 7 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 14 (13.75) 28 (27.5) Modulation Scheme QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM QPSK Maximum Ethernet throughput (Mbit/s) 9 to 11 19 to 23 24 to 29 31 to 37 37 to 44 43 to 51 20 to 23 41 to 48 50 to 59 65 to 76 77 to 90 90 to 104 41 to 48
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Modulation Scheme 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
Maximum Ethernet throughput (Mbit/s) 84 to 97 108 to 125 130 to 150 160 to 180 180 to 210 84 to 97 170 to 190 210 to 240 260 to 310 310 to 360 360 to 420
The channel spacings 13.75 MHz and 27.5 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency band. The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by the product. The channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.
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Table 6-3 Frequency band (SPA ODUs) Frequency Band 6 GHz Frequency Range (GHz) 5.9156.425 (L6) 6.4257.125 (U6) T/R Spacing (MHz) 252.04 (L6) 340 (U6)
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Table 6-5 Typical receiver sensitivity values (i) Performance (at 7 MHz Channel Spacing) Item QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
RSL@ BER = 106 (unit: dBm) @6GHz @7GHz @8GHz @11GHz @13GHz @15GHz @18GHz @23GHz @26GHz @32GHz @38GHz 92.5 92.5 92.5 92 92 92 92 91.5 91 90 89.5 86.5 86.5 86.5 86 86 86 86 85.5 85 84 83.5 82.5 82.5 82.5 82 82 82 82 81.5 81 80 79.5 -79.5 -79.5 -79.5 -79 -79 -79 -79 -78.5 -78 -77 -76.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76 76 76 76 75.5 75 74 73.5 NA 73.5 73.5 73 73 73 73 72.5 72 71 70.5
Table 6-6 Typical receiver sensitivity values (ii) Performance (at 14 MHz Channel Spacing) Item QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
RSL@ BER = 106 (unit: dBm) @6GHz @7GHz @8GHz @11GHz @13GHz @15GHz @18GHz @23GHz @26GHz @32GHz @38GHz 90.5 90.5 90.5 90 90 90 90 89.5 89 88 87.5 83.5 83.5 83.5 83 83 83 83 82.5 82 81 80.5 79.5 79.5 79.5 79 79 79 79 78.5 78 77 76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76.5 -76 -76 -76 -76 -75.5 -75 -74 -73.5 73.5 73.5 73.5 73 73 73 73 72.5 72 71 70.5 NA 70.5 70.5 70 70 70 70 69.5 69 68 67.5
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Table 6-7 Typical receiver sensitivity values (iii) Performance (at 28 MHz Channel Spacing) Item QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
RSL@ BER = 106 (unit: dBm) @6GHz @7GHz @8GHz @11GHz @13GHz @15GHz @18GHz @23GHz @26GHz @32GHz @38GHz 87.5 87.5 87.5 87 87 87 87 86.5 86 85 84.5 80.5 80.5 80.5 80 80 80 80 79.5 79 78 77.5 76.5 76.5 76.5 76 76 76 76 75.5 75 74 73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73.5 -73 -73 -73 -73 -72.5 -72 -71 -70.5 70.5 70.5 70.5 70 70 70 70 69.5 69 68 67.5 NA 67.5 67.5 67 67 67 67 66.5 66 65 64.5
Table 6-8 Typical receiver sensitivity values (iv) Performance (at 56 MHz Channel Spacing) Item QPSK 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM
RSL@ BER = 106 (unit: dBm) @6GHz @7GHz @8GHz @11GHz @13GHz @15GHz @18GHz @23GHz @26GHz NA 84.5 84.5 84 84 84 84 83.5 83 NA 77.5 77.5 77 77 77 77 76.5 76 NA 73.5 73.5 73 73 73 73 72.5 72 NA -70.5 -70.5 -70 -70 -70 -70 -69.5 -69 NA 67.5 67.5 67 67 67 67 66.5 66 NA 64.5 64.5 64 64 64 64 63.5 63
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Performance (at 56 MHz Channel Spacing) Item @32GHz @38GHz QPSK 82 81.5 16QAM 75 74.5 32QAM 71 70.5 64QAM -68 -67.5 128QAM 65 64.5 256QAM 62 61.5
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @38 GHz Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm) 27 27 26 26 26 25.5 24 23.5 22 4 22.5 22.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.5 20.5 19.5 17.5 18.5 18.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 16.5 15.5 13.5 16.5 16.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 14.5 13.5 11.5
20
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Table 6-10 Transceiver performance (SPA ODUs) Item Performance QPSK Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @6 GHz Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm) Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm) 26.5 0 24.0 23.0 16QAM/32QAM 64QAM/128QAM
20
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm) @7 GHz @8 GHz @11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz 30 30 28 26 26 25.5 25 25 23 23 28 28 26 24 24 23 23 22 21 20 25 25 22 20 20 19 19 19 17 17 23 23 20 18 18 17 17 17 15 15
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Item
@11 GHz @13 GHz @15 GHz @18 GHz @23 GHz @26 GHz @32 GHz @38 GHz Nominal maximum receive power (dBm) Frequency stability (ppm)
6 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 20
6.1.5 IF Performance
The IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the ODU O&M signal. Table 6-12 IF performance Item IF signal Transmit frequency of the IF board (MHz) Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz) Impedance (ohm) ODU O&M signal Modulation scheme Transmit frequency of the IF board (MHz) Receive frequency of the IF board (MHz) ASK 5.5 10 350 140 50 Performance
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48 1024 1024 512 NNI: IS-IS and MP-BGP UNI: OSPF, MP-BGP, and RIP 128
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481788 1 99.99979%
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Item Code pattern Wire pair in each transmission direction Impedance (ohm)
Performance HDB3 One coaxial wire pair 75 One symmetrical wire pair 120
-17 0 9
-19 -3 9
-22 -3 9
-22 -3 9
OptiX RTN 910 use SFP modules for providing GE optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP modules to provide GE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
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OptiX RTN 910 use SFP modules for providing FE optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP modules to provide FE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
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Dimensions
Table 6-25 Dimensions Component IDU ODU Dimensions 442 mm (width) x 220 mm (depth) x 44 mm (height) < 280 mm (width) x 92 mm (depth) x 280 mm (height)
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Table 6-27 Typical power consumption No. 1 2 Configuration 16xE1+4xFE, 1+0 non-protection 16xE1+4xFE, 1+1 HSB protection Typical Power Consumption (IDU+ODU) 118 W 155 W
Power Supply
Table 6-28 Power Supply Component IDU Performance Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2 Supporting two 48 V/60 V (38.4 V to 72 V) DC power inputs (mutual backup) ODU Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2 Supporting one 48 V (38.4 V to 72 V) DC power input that is provided by the IDU
EMC
Passes CE authentication. Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-1. Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-4. Compliant with CISPR 22. Compliant with EN 55022 CLASS B (when an IDU is installed in a outdoor BTS cabinet).
Lightning Protection
Compliant with ITU-T K.27.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
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Safety
Passes CE authentication. Compliant with ETSI EN 60215. Compliant with ETSI EN 60950. Compliant with IEC 60825.
Environment
The IDU is a unit used in a place that has weather protection and where the temperature can be controlled. The ODU is an outdoor unit.
Table 6-29 Environment performance Item Component IDU Major reference standards Operation Transportation Storage Air temperature Operation Transportation and storage Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-3 class 3.2 ODU Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-4 class 4.1
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 class 2.3 Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2 5C to +55C 40C to +70C 5% to 95% < 7.2 bel, compliant with ETSI EN 300 753 class 3.2 attended 5% to 100% 35C to +55C
Compliant with Bellcore GR-63-CORE ZONE 4 Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019
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A Glossary
A
A ATM Air interface link B BTS
Glossary
The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) is designed to transfer cell in which multiple service types (such as voice, video, or data) are conveyed in fixed-length (53-byte) cells. Fixed-length cells allow cell processing to occur in hardware, thereby reducing transit delays. A link used to transmit radio frequencies between mobile phones and base stations.
Base transceiver station. It terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio equipment, and the antenna. Base station controller. A BSC is used to control the radio signals of the receiving and transmitting base stations.
BSC
C CES CoS Circuit emulation service. A technology adapts the traditional narrowband services, that is, TDM services, to the wideband. Class of Service. A queuing discipline. An algorithm compares fields of packets or CoS tags to classify packets and to assign to queues of differing priority. CoS can not ensure network performance or guarantee priority in delivering packets. A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be used as a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence. The control plane performs the call control and connection control functions. Through signaling, the control plane sets up and releases connections, and may restore a connection in case of a failure. The control plane also performs other functions in support of call and connection control, such as routing information dissemination.
Concatenation
Control plane
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E E-Line Ethernet line. An point-to-point private service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains.
F FEC Forwarding equivalence class. A term used in multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to describe a group of packets which are forwarded in the same manner (e.g.,over the same path, with the same forwarding treatment). FEC can be classified by address, service type, priority and QOS of packets, and may be bound to a MPLS label. In the case of flow classification, all the services from Layer 2 to Layer 7 of the OSI model are searched out and the service types are classified. Refers to a cyclic set of consecutive timeslots in which the relative position of each time slot can be identified In the transmission network. Refers to the packet data unit of the data link layer in the OSI model. It consists of frame header, user data and frame tail. The frame header and frame tail are used for synchronization and error control. The forwarding plane is also referred to as data plane, which forwards packets under the management of the control plane.
Forwarding plane
I IS-IS IS-IS inter-domain rerouting information switching protocol. The IS-IS protocol is a dynamic routing protocol designed by ISO for connectionless network protocol (CLNP). Inverse multiplexing over ATM. A physical layer technology in which a high-speed stream of ATM cells is broken up and transmitted across multiple T1/E1 links, then is reconstructed back into the original ATM cell order at the destination. IMA is first standardized (v1.0) by the ATM Forum in 1997, and recently updated (v1.1) in 1999.
IMA
L L2VPN LSR LSP Layer 2 virtual private network. A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer 2 switching technologies. label switch router. LSR is to forward packets in an MPLS network by looking only at the fixed-length label. Label switch path. An ingress and egress switched path built through a series of LSRs to forward the packets of a particular FEC using a label swapping forwarding mechanism.
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LDP
Label Distribution Protocol. A protocol defined in RFC 3036 for distributing labels in MPLS network. It is the set of procedures and messages by which Label Switched Routers (LSRs) establish Label Switched Paths (LSPs) through a network by mapping network-layer routing information directly to data-link layer switched paths. More information about the applicability of LDP can be found in RFC3037. A "topological component" that provides transport capacity between two endpoints in different subnetworks via a fixed (that is, inflexible routing) relationship.
link
M MPLS OAM The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CR-LSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs. In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.
N node In a network, a point where one or more functional units interconnect transmission lines.
P PWE3 Package loading packet PW pseudo wire emulation edge to edge. A mechanism that emulates the essential attributes of service (such as a E1 leased line or Frame Relay) over a PSN. A method used to upgrade, load, and manage NE-level software in a centralized manner. A logical grouping of information including header and (usually) user data. Pseudo wire. A mechanism that bears the simulated services between PEs on the PSN.
Q QoS Quality of Service. A set of service requirements to be met by the network while transporting a connection or flow; the collective effect of service performance which determine the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service. (E.360.1)
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S Switch To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. This behavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.
T Tunnel A information transmission channel that is set up between two entities in the application of VPN. A tunnel provides sufficient security to prevent intrusion to the VPN internal information. A technique that can creates data forwarding paths for nodes based on the available resources on the network and reserve bandwidths for key traffic.
Traffic engineering
V VC VPWS A unidirectional logical connection between two nodes. virtual private wire service. A Virtual Private Wire Service (VPWS) is a point-to-point circuit (link) connecting two Customer Edge devices. The link is established as a logical link through a packet switched network.
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A ATM AF AM ATPC APS ADSL ARP
Asynchronous Transfer Mode Assured Forwarding Adaptive Modulation Automatic Transmit Power Control Automatic Protection Switching Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Address Resolution Protocol
B BSC BTS BGP Base Station Controller Base Transceiver Station Border Gateway Protocol
C CES CSPF CE CoS CR-LDP CC CIR Circuit Emulation Service Constraint-based Shortest Path First Customer Edge Class of Service Constraint-Routing Label Distribution Protocol Continuity Check Committed Information Rate
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D DCN DSCP DS Data Communication Network Differentiated Services Code Point Differentiated Services
E EMC EPL EVPL ETS ETSI E-Line Electromagnetic Compatibility Ethernet Private Line Ethernet Virtual Private Line European Telecommunication Standards European Telecommunications Standards Institute Ethernet-Line
I IP IS-IS IEC IEEE IMA ITU-T Internet Protocol Intermediate System to Intermediate System International Electrotechnical Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inverse Multiplexing for ATM International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector
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L LACP LSP LSR LDP LMP LSDB Link Aggregation Control Protocol Label Switched Path Label Switched Router Label Distribution Protocol Link Management Protocol Link-State Database
M MPLS MP MAC Multiprotocol Label Switching Merge Point Medium Access Control
O OSPF OAM Open Shortest Path First Operation, Administration and Maintenance
P PE PW PWE3 PSN PDU PRC PHP PHB PLR PPVPN Provider Edge Pseudo Wire Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge Packet Switched Network Protocol Data Unit Primary Reference Clock Penultimate Hop Popping Per-Hop Behavior Point of Local Repair Provider Provisioned VPN
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PIR
R RSVP RIP RNC Resource Reservation Protocol Routing Information Protocol Radio Network Controller
T TE TDM TTL TEDB Traffic Engineering Time Division Multiplex Time to Live Traffic Engineering Database
V VC VCC VLAN VP VPN VPC VPWS VPI Virtual Channel Virtual Channel Connection Virtual Local Area Network Virtual Path Virtual Private Network Virtual Path Connection Virtual Private Wire Service Virtual Path Identifier
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