Term Project on

Hydrogen Bonding in Polymer Blends

By Farrukh Shehzad ID: g201106570

Contents

Polymer Blends Hydrogen Bonding Factors influencing hydrogen bonding Incorporation of Hydrogen bonding Effects of hydrogen bonds on the properties of polymer blends Blends of PPC with different polymers and effect of hydrogen bonding Comparison Conclusions References
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Polymer Blends
A polymer blend is a polymer mixture in which at least two polymers are blended together to create a new material with different physical properties. Polymer blending is a convenient route for the development of new polymeric materials There are three different types of polymer blends Completely miscible blends Partially miscible blends

Immiscible blends

Hydrogen Bonding
In general, the hydrogen bond is a directed, attractive interaction between electron-deficient hydrogen and a region of high electron density The hydrogen bonds are generally much weaker than covalent bonds or other polar bonds, but much stronger than the van der Waals interaction The presence of inter-associated hydrogen bonds between the components in a blend can promote compatibility and also miscibility and has significant effects on the properties of the blends

Factors influencing hydrogen bonding

Acidity of the proton donor

Basicity of the proton acceptor

Bulky side group

Temperature

Incorporation of Hydrogen bonding

Incorporation of terminal functional group as a proton acceptor or donor. Introduction of hydrogen bonding monomer into the main chain of the blending component by copolymerization. Inclusion of copolymer containing hydrogen moieties into immiscible blends.

Introduction of an inert diluent into the main chain.

These methods are effective to enhance the compatibility and to improve the properties of immiscible blends.
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Effects of hydrogen bonds on the properties of polymer blends

Glass transition temperature (Tg) Melting temperature (Tm) Crystallization behavior Surface enrichment

Blends of PPC with different polymers and effect of hydrogen bonding

PPC is alternative copolymer of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide It has good biodegradability but poor mechanical properties because of lower Tg i.e. 35 degree C Research is continued on improving the mechanical performance of PPC by blending it with different other polymers

Toughening of PPC by Hyper branched poly(ester-amide) via hydrogen bonding interaction by Foson Wang et al ;
Miscibility and Characteristics improvements of blends were studied HBP posses abundant hydroxyl groups so it is capable of forming hydrogen bonding with PPC

Thermal Properties

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Mechanical Properties

Stress Strain curves of the PPC/HBP Blends with different HBP Loadings

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Enhanced mechanical performance of poly (propylene carbonate) via hydrogen bonding interaction with o-lauroyl chitosan by Lijie Chen et al;
Blends of PPC with o-lauroyal Chitosan (OCA) Chitosan contains abundant hydroxyl and amino groups. Chitosan is dissolved in lauroyal chloride and blended with PPC

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Thermal Properties

Mechanical Properties

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Miscibility, properties and morphology of biodegradable blends of UHMW-PPC/PVA/EVOH by Xi Chen et al

Mechanical Properties

Variation of Tensile Strength and Elongation at break of PPC/(70PVA/30EVOH) Blends with 70PVA/30EVOH content
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 Thermal Properties

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Plasticizing while toughening and reinforcing PPC using low molecular weight urethane, Role of hydrogen-bonding interaction by Chen et al Thermal analysis of PPC/Urethane blends
Tg of PPC/BEU and BPU remained greater then 30 degree C Increasing loading above 15 % Tg reduces remarkably , reduces Tg

Mechanical Properties of PPC/Urethane Blends

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Mechanical Properties of PPC/BPU Blends

Mechanical Properties of PPC/BEU blends

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A study of poly vinyl chloride / poly (butylene adipate-coterephthalate) blends by Azoa et al Polymer blends were prepared by melt blending technique using poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and poly (butylene adipateco-terephthalate) (PBAT) The tensile properties of PVC/PBAT blends highest at weight ratio of 50/50. Tensile analysis

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 The results indicate PVC/PBAT blend at weight ratio of 50/ 50 exhibit better synergy, as reflected by higher tensile properties The decomposition temperature of PVC in the blend decrease with the additions of the PBAT Good interfacial adhesive strength facilitated good mechanical properties of the PVC/PBAT blend.

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Comparison of selected research papers

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Conclusions
Polymers can be blended together in order to improve the required characteristics Miscibility of polymer blends can be improved by incorporation of hydrogen bonding between them Hydrogen bonding in polymer blends improve the mechanical strength as well as thermal stability Surface homogeneity is increased by incorporation of hydrogen bonding.

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References
A study of poly vinyl chloride / poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends by Nor Azowa Ibrahim & Nazri M. Rahim & Wan Zin Wan Yunus & Jamaliah Sharif Enhanced mechanical performance of poly(propylene carbonate) via hydrogen bonding interaction with o-lauroyl chitosan by Yusheng Qina, Lijie Chena,b, Xianhong Wanga,, Xiaojiang Zhaoa, Fosong Wanga Miscibility, properties and morphology of biodegradable blends of UHMW-PPC/PVA/EVOH by

Xi Chen & S. J.Wang & M. Xiao & D. M. Han & Yuezhong Meng
Plasticizing while toughening and reinforcing poly(propylene carbonate) using low molecular weight urethane: Role of hydrogen-bonding interaction by Lijie Chena,b,Yusheng Qina, Xianhong Wanga,*, Xiaojiang Zhaoa, Fosong Wanga Toughening of poly(propylene carbonate) by hyperbranched poly(ester-amide) via hydrogen bonding interaction by Lijie Chen,a,b Yusheng Qin,a Xianhong Wang,a Yuesheng Li,c Xiaojiang Zhaoc and Fosong Wanga
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