CORRUPTION IN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION

Peoples know that Indonesia is one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Transparency International (2011) provides information that Indonesia has score of corruption by 3.0, it means that corruption is still high. Corruption has become a serious problem facing Indonesia today. Even Indonesia has Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) as an agency to halt the system of corruption, but it is still not enough. One by one corruption problem that show up to the public never has an ending story and just disappear with the time. This situation reflects the weakness of law in Indonesia. As mentioned by Hermawan (2006) public trust in the government's efforts to fight corruption has plummeted from 81 per cent last year to 29 per cent this year. It shows that corruption in government institutions has brought negative impact to the society. Based on Okogkule (2006, p.95) corruption is a universal phenomenon. It also happens in Indonesia, but if it is allowed to continue, Indonesia will collapse because corruption brought negative impact in all aspect of life; politics, social and also economics. The first impact of corruption is in political systems. Genovese and Farrar-Myers (2010, p.2) stated that corruption has plagued all political system. It is ubiquitous, vexing, and, at times, threatens the very fabric of society. No culture, no system of government, no code of ethics has been able to eliminate political corruption. It is analyzed that the system of corruption will make unhealthy democracy and will trigger a bad governance. In the real life if someone included in a political activity, indirectly he will come in to the corruption system that already exist and it will be continuously carried out. For example is the case of former president Suharto, Suharto's suspected corruption in the seven foundations (Dakab, Amal Bakti Muslim Pancasila, Supersemar, Independent Welfare Fund, Mutual Aid, and Trikora) Rp 1.4 trillion provides by kamushukum (2004). For the other examples is tax evasion case by Gayus Tambunan. Based on Aquina (2010) Gayus Tambunan suspected in money laundering, corruption and embezzlement. It had cost the state approximately $ 25 billion. The second impact of corruption is in social aspect. Magnouloux (2006, p.55) said that corruption negatively affects the level of trust between people so that in the long term, it endangers the stability of society. Many government officers ignore the interests of the people, they just think about themselves. Whereas, the government basically chooses to struggle for interests of the people. This problem led the public does not trust the government anymore. A lot of community tries to demonstrate to fight for their interests, but the government remains deaf ear, and finally a lot of riot happens that show the societys

disappointment against the government. Atalas (1987) provides an example of number of deaths as a result of famine due to their aid stolen by corrupt people. The same thing is the counterfeiting of important drugs in emergency situations. Hukumonline (2012) states that Amrun Daulay, former of Director General of Social Security Assistance Department of Social Affairs does corruption in the procurement of sewing machines and cattle imports. Third, corruption also brought negative impact to the economics condition. Corruption is always detrimental to the collective well-being, said Okogbule (2006, p. 95). Magnouloux (2006, p. 41-55) explained that corruption has a lot of economic consequences: One, on the allocation of resources (in goods and services as well as in human capital). If there is corruption in the event, the funds that should be used for deployment purpose of resources will not be distributed. So the resources will not grow and this will lead to the slow growth of economy. Two, on the economic environment, and then on the way economic decision makers will analyze different courses of action. Due to corruption, the economic environment will become unhealthy, it will affect the decision making of economic decisions in the future. So the decision will also be unhealthy and can destroy the economic development. Three, corruption could reduce the pace and extent of economic activities. This happens because the funds that should be used for the maintenance and enhancement of economic development cannot be used optimally. Magnouloux (2006, p. 41-55) believed that there is a negative correlation between the level of corruption and the level of economic growth. Higher level of corruption, the economic growth will be lower. And also the opposite, more lower the level of corruption, the economic growth will be higher. The example of economic corruption cases in Indonesia are technical assistance contact (TAC) by Pertamina, burglary in Indonesia Development Bank (Bapindo) performed by Eddy Tanzil, and also deviation of the distribution of Rp 138.4 trillion BLBI funds of total funds worth Rp 144.5 trillion (BLBI cases) provides by kamushukum (2004). The impact of the corruption in Indonesia may lose economic growth; undermine political legitimacy of the result that can further exacerbate poverty and political instability. It means that corruption in government institutions has brought negative impact to the society.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alatas, S. H. (1987). KORUPSI; sifat, sebab dan fungsi . Jakarta: LP3ES. Aquina, Dwifatya. (2010, March 23). Inilah kronologi kasus Gayus Tambunan. Inilah. Retrieved April 22, 2012, from http://www.inilah.com/read/detail/414451/ inilah-kronologis-kasus-gayus-tambunan Genovese, M. A. & Farrar-Myers, V. A. (2010). Corruption and american politics. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press. Hermawan, A. (2006, December 10). Indonesian public lose trust in anti-corruption drive. BBC Monitoring Asia Pacific. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from http://search.proquest.com/ docview/460936135?accountid=62100 International transparency; corruption perception Index 2011. [n.d.] Retrieved April 17, 2012, from http://www.transparency.org/regional_pages/asia_pacific/

resources/ surveys_and_indices Kasus-kasus korupsi di Indonesia. October 25, 2004. Retrieved April 21, 2012, from http://kamushukum.com/en/kasus-kasus-korupsi-di-indonesia Lubis, M., & Scott, J. C. (1993). Korupsi politik. Jakarta: YOI. Magnouloux, H. (2006), "Analyse conomique de la corruption", Rapport Moral sur l'Argent dans le Monde 2005, Association d'conomie financire, Paris, pp. 41-55. Okogbule, N.S. (2006), "An appraisal of the legal and institutional framework for combating corruption in Nigeria", Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 95. Politisi demokrat terbukti korupsi bantuan sosial. January 12, 2012. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from http://hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt4f0e740b88617/politisidemokrat-terbukti-korupsi-bantuan-sosial Rianto, B. S. (2010). Koruptor go to hell. Jakarta: Hikmah.