AVO analysis and Impedance Inversion

Okey Ileka

AVO Analysis
Introduction AVO Pre-processing AVO modeling AVO parameters AVO crossplot analysis AVO attributes Some application of AVO Probabilistic AVO analysis
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Impedance Inversion
Post stack 1D Impedance Inversion Far-offset elastic Impedance Lambda-mu-rho estimation P to S elastic Inversion Anisotropic elastic Impedance Interpretation of Rock physics template

Introduction
AVO is the amplitude variation with offset

Introduction

Castagna lecture notes

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Introduction

Castagna lecture notes

Simplified Shuey (1985) Form of the Richards and Frazier (1976) Approximation

R( ) A + B sin
2

A = Rp
1 V p A + 2 Vp

B R p 2 Rs
2 V p Vs 1 Vs Vs B 2 2 + 4 2 Vp 2 Vp V p 7 Vs 2

Third Order Approximation

R( ) A + B sin + C sin tan

2 2 2

1 V p A= + 2 Vp

1 V p C 2 Vp

1 AC 2
Castagna lecture note
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Hiltermann Approximation

6 78 4 4 2 2 R( ) A cos + 2.25 sin

G

G = A+ B
Castagna lecture note
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AVO preprocessing

Castagna lecture notes

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Castagna lecture note

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Factors that amplitudes

Earth effects Acquisition related effects Noise

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Earth effects
Spherical divergence Absorption Transmission losses Interbed multiples Converted phases Tunning effect Anisotropy structure
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Acquisition-related effects and noise

Acquisition-related effects Source reciever arrays Reciever sensitivity Noise Source generated noise Coherent or random noise
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AVO Pre-processing
Spiking deconvolution and wavelet processing Spherical divergence correction Surface consistent amplitude balancing Multiple removal NMO correction DMO correction Pre-stack migration
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AVO preprocesing

Castagna lecture notes

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Castagna lecture notes

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AVO modeling

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Physical Interpretation

R ( ) A + B sin
2
Castagna lecture notes
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(Russel, 1999)

AVO parameters

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AVO crossplot

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From Simm et al., 2000

Castagna lecture notes
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AVO attributes

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AVO Indicators/Attributes
Intercept Gradient Near and far stacks Curvature CDP stack Change in Poissons ratio Fluid Factor Intercept minus Gradient Intercept plus Gradient Intercept times Gradient Rp-Rs P and S wave velocity contrast Density Contrast Amoco Indicator F(F-N) Lamba-mu-rho

Castagna lecture notes

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Calculated AVO Attributes A = intercept B = gradient r = correlation AB (A + B)/2 ~ Rp - Rs (A B)/2 ~ Rs A = intercept B = gradient C = curvature r = correlation AB (A + B)/2 ~ Rp - Rs (A B)/2 ~ Rs AC NI = normal intercept PR = Poisson reflectivity r = correlation NI PR
Castagna lecture notes Shuey 2 Term

RC () = A + B (sin)

Shuey 3 Term

RC () = A + B (sin) + C (sin)(tan)

Verm-Hilterman

RC () = NI(cos) + PR(sin)

Roden, 2005

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Some application of AVO

Residual gas saturation (converted waves) Flat spot analysis Overpressure detection Density estimation
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Probabilistic AVO analysis

In probabilistic AVO analysis the AVO parameters and attributes are assigned probability density function (PDF) or cumulative density function (CDF)

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Impedance Inversion
The goal of geophysical inversion is to estimate model parameter from observed data

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Impedance Inversion
Post stack 1D Impedance Inversion Far-offset elastic Impedance Lambda-mu-rho estimation P to S elastic Inversion Anisotropic elastic Impedance Interpretation of Rock physics template

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Poststack 1D impedance Inversion

Inversion of near stack traces

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Acoustic Impedance Inversion

Near Angle Stack Sonic,Density Logs Horizons

tie

Wavelet

tie

AI Earth Model

Bandlimited Inversion

Trend Model

Merged AI

Castagna lecture note

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Sena, 1997

Far offset elastic Impedance

Inversion of far offset traces

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The Elastic Impedance

E = Vp Vs = 1/cos2 = -8(Vs/Vp)2sin2 = 1 + /2
Castagna lecture notes

Sena, 1997

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Elastic Impedance Inversion

Far Angle Stack Sonic,Shear Sonic and Density Logs Horizons

tie

Wavelet

tie

EI Earth Model

Bandlimited Inversion

Trend Model

Merged EI

Castagna lecture note

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Sena, 1997

Lambda Rho estimation

Hiltermans lecture note

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P to- S elastic Inversion

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Reflection Coefficients: Angle vs. Offset

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Stewart and Gasier lecture note

P-S Reflection Coefficient

(Aki & Richards, 1980)

Rps

First Order Relative S-velocity change

Stewart and Gasier lecture note

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Anisotropic elastic Inversion

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Anisotropy

Hilterman course notes

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Anisotropic Inversion

Hilterman course notes

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Interpretation of Rock Physics Template

The rock physics template is based on a compiled catalog or atlas of RPTs calculated by a rock physics expert. The seismic interpreter can interpret elastic inversion results without in-depth knowledge about rock physics theory

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 Thank you

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