1. Protease enzyme breaks down protein to amino acids.

In the lock and key hypothesis,

what is the lock and what is the key?

2. A lack of which nutrient causes gums to bleed?

A calcium
B iron
C vitamin C
D vitamin D
3. The table shows some of the nutrients present in four foods.

Which two foods are best to help the healthy growth of bones and teeth of a child?
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4
4. The diagram shows a section through the heart.

While chambers X and Y are emptying of blood, which valves are open and which are
closed?

5. The diagram represents blood flow through the human body.

At which stages does the blood contain the most oxygen?

A 1 and 2

B 2 and 3

C 3 and 4

D 4 and 1

6. The table shows substances passing between capillaries and tissues in a part of the
body.

In which part of the body are these capillaries?

A between the alveoli
B in the kidney
C in the liver
D in the villi

7. The diagram represents the liver, kidney and some associated blood vessels.

In which vessel will the blood contain the lowest concentration of urea?

8. A man has blood group A, and his wife has blood group AB.
What are the possible blood groups of their children?
A A only
B AB only
C A and AB only
D A, B and AB

2. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a small surface wound to the skin.
Fig. 4.1
(a) Name structure O and the type of blood vessel P shown in Fig. 4.1.
O .....................................................................................................................................
P ..................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) State two features that are characteristic of the type of blood vessel P.
1. .....................................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Explain what is happening to the bacteria in Fig. 4.1.
(i) at M: ..........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................2]
(ii) at N: ..........................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................1
(d) Explain how the wound is being sealed in the region under the scab.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 11]

3. Fig. 5.1 shows some food just before it enters the stomach and the same food as it leaves
the stomach four hours later.

(a) On Fig. 5.1, label structures K and L. [2]

(b) The food consisted solely of meat and potatoes. By placing ticks ( ) in the appropriate
boxes in Table 5.2, show how the major components of the food compare at positions M
and N.

Fig. 5.3 shows the same food at O, and 24 hours later, at P.

(c) (i) Explain what has happened to the protein between O and P.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Name the region of the alimentary canal which will contain fibre in the highest
proportion and give reasons for your answer.
region of alimentary canal .........................................................................................
reasons ....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................[3]

[Total: 10]
4. Fig. 4.1 shows a pair of kidneys and some associated structures.

(a) (i) Identify structure A in Fig. 4.1.

............................................................ [1]
(ii) Peristalsis occurs continually in structure A. Describe and explain how this helps
the structure to carry out its function.
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [3]
(b) Identify structure B on Fig. 4.1 and state how the structural features of C and D enabled
you to make your identification.
structure B .................................................
structural features of C and D ..........................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) On a hot day, a person consumed only meat before a day of energetic work. Explain the
likely changes in the composition of the persons urine during the day.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 10]
5. (a) List the chemical elements that make up
(i) fats, ...........................................................................................................................
(ii) proteins. ....................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain why each of the following are important constituents of a balanced diet.
(i) carbohydrates
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(ii) vitamins
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
(iii) water
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[8]
[Total: 10]
Fig. 4.1 shows human blood containing pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms.

(a) (i) Name the liquid labelled Q in Fig. 4.1. ................................................................ [1]
(ii) Name two mineral ions which may be found in liquid Q and, for each ion, state its
function in the body.
ion 1 ................................................. function .........................................................
ion 2 ................................................. function .........................................................
[3]
(b) On Fig. 4.1, label
(i) a white blood cell,
(ii) a red blood cell infected with the pathogenic organism.
[2]
(c) The pathogenic organisms were introduced into the blood by a mosquito while feeding.
Suggest why the mosquito feeds from a capillary and not from an artery.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
Two students, A and B, ran round their school field for two minutes.
The table below shows their breathing rates just before the exercise started, as soon as the
exercise stopped and then at two minute intervals for 10 minutes after the exercise had

stopped.

(a) (i) For student A, calculate the maximum change in breathing rate caused by the
exercise.
Change in breathing rate .......................................................................................
(1)
(ii) For student B, how long did it take for the breathing rate after exercise to return
to the rate just before the exercise started?
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Suggest which student is more likely to be a regular athlete. Give a reason for
your answer.
Student ...................................................................................................................
Reason ...................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Explain why the breathing rate does not return to normal as soon as the exercise
stops.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

The maximum amount of air that a person can breathe out in one breath is known as the
vital capacity.
The diagram below shows apparatus that can be used to measure the vital capacity. A man
has just breathed out as much as he could into the tube that passes into the apparatus. The
man is a non-smoker.

(a) (i) From the diagram, determine the vital capacity of this non-smoker.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest why this value might be lower for a smoker.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing at
rest. It is usually about 10% of the vital capacity.
Calculate the tidal volume of this non-smoker. Show your working.
Answer ..........................
(2)
(c) Explain how an increase in the rate of breathing would benefit a person during
vigorous exercise.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(d) Describe three ways in which the air breathed out by a person would differ from the
air breathed in.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)

A vaccine is used to protect people against poliomyelitis (polio). The graph below shows
the level of polio antibodies in the blood of a child being given the vaccine. Three doses of
the vaccine were given during the first two years and these were followed by an additional
(booster) dose around the age of five years.

(a) Name the type of organism that causes polio.

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) (i) With reference to the graph, state when the second dose of the vaccine was
given.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest why it is necessary for the child to be given a booster dose.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(3)
(c) When the child became 20 years old, she wanted to travel to a country where polio
was endemic.
(i) Suggest the advice her doctor might give after studying her vaccination record.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Describe how polio is transmitted.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(d) (i) Suggest two active components that might be present in vaccines.
1 ..............................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) State the full name of the type of immunity given as a result of vaccination.
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 13 marks)

The diagram below shows two bones forming the elbow joint of a person.

(a) (i) Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.

A ............................................................................................................................
B .............................................................................................................................
C ............................................................................................................................
D ............................................................................................................................
(4)
(ii) Name the type of joint shown in the diagram.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Describe the function of the fluid labelled X.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Explain why the person whose elbow is shown in the diagram below is likely to have
painful and difficult movement of the joint.

......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 11 marks)
The diagram below shows a structure found in the alimentary canal.

(a) (i) Name this structure.

...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Name the region of the alimentary canal where these structures are found.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) There are many millions of these structures and they absorb digested food.
(i) Name two products of digestion that are absorbed into vessel A.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Name one product of digestion that is absorbed into vessel B.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Explain how each of the following helps in the absorption of the products of

digestion.
(i) The large numbers of the structures named in (a)(i)
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The epithelium, made up of one layer of cells
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(d) Vessel C empties its contents into a vein. Name the organ that the blood in this vein
reaches first.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(e) How do the circular and longitudinal muscles help in the process of absorption?
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
(a) Read the passage below about the transmission of a nerve impulse. Write on the
dotted lines the most suitable word or words to complete the account.
Nerve impulses pass along an axon in the form of an ................................................
impulse. Nerve cells come very close to the ends of other nerve cells at gaps
called ................................................ . Nerve impulses are able to pass across
these gaps because of chemical substances. These substances are known as
................................................, an example of which is acetylcholine.
The impulse reaches a pre-synaptic membrane, which is separated from the
post-synaptic membrane by a small gap. The acetylcholine is formed at the
end of the pre-synaptic axon and is contained in ................................................ .
When the acetylcholine is released, it moves from the pre-synaptic membrane to
the post-synaptic membrane by ............................................... and then
................................................ another impulse.

(6)
(b) Suggest why the release of acetylcholine requires large numbers of mitochondria to
be present in the pre-synaptic axon.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
The diagram below shows the human skeleton viewed from the front.
The biceps muscle is shown on the upper right arm.

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled Y.

...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Describe two functions of these structures.
1 .............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) (i) On the diagram, draw a line to show where one ball and socket joint is to be found
and label it BS.
(1)
(ii) On the diagram, draw a line to show where one hinge joint is to be found and
label it H.
(1)
(iii) Explain why a ball and socket joint is found at the place you have shown rather
than a hinge joint.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Describe the function of structure Z.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d) Describe how the biceps muscle raises the forearm.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 11 marks)

a) The diagrams below show transverse sections (TS) of three human blood vessels the
aorta, another artery and a vein. The diagrams have been drawn to approximately the

same scale.

(i) In each case put a cross ( ) in one box to identify which of the blood vessels
shown in the diagram is:

(3)
(ii) Describe three differences, not shown in the diagrams, between arteries and
veins.
1 .............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
3 .............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) (i) Name the type of blood vessel found between arteries and veins.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) In the space below, draw a transverse section (TS) of this type of blood vessel.
(2)
(c) (i) Name the chamber of the heart from which blood leaves to pass to the lungs.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Name the blood vessel in which blood returns to the heart from the lungs.
...............................................................................................................................
(1) Q6
(Total 11 marks)

The table below shows the daily energy requirements of some different people.

(a) The energy requirements for the females have been drawn in the bar chart below.

Complete the bar chart by drawing in the values for the energy requirements for the
males.
(2)
(b) (i) State which person requires the highest amount of energy each day.
...............................................................................................................................

(1)
(ii) State which person requires the lowest amount of energy each day.
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Suggest and explain why there is a difference between the energy requirements
for the two people in (b)(i) and (b)(ii).
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(3)
(c) Using examples from the table, describe how the energy requirements for males differ
from that for females.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d) (i) When a woman becomes pregnant she is sometimes told that she is now eating
for two. Suggest why this may not be good advice.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Suggest one piece of good dietary advice that could be given to a pregnant
woman.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 12 marks)

An investigation was carried out on the loss of heat by a man who entered a hot room at
45 C and then lay down.
The temperature of the mans skin and his core temperature (internal) were recorded

at intervals. After 25 minutes from the start of the investigation the man drank a small
quantity of iced water.
The results are shown in the table below.

(a) Explain why the core temperature is usually higher than skin temperature.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) (i) The results for skin temperature have been plotted as a line graph.
Plot the results for core temperature as a line graph on the same axes. Label your
graph curves.

(ii) During which time period was core temperature lower than skin temperature?
From ......................................................... to .........................................................
(1)
(iii) Suggest why core temperature dropped during this period.
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................
(2)
(iv) Where is temperature regulation controlled in the body?
...............................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Explain why is it important that the core temperature remains within narrow limits.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................

(2)
(Total 12 marks)