Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Contents Acknowledgement Introduction Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Conclusion Further exploration References Page
Acknowledgement
First of all, I would like to say thank my teacher Puan Hjh Zahrah who had gave us someguides on how to complete this paperwork. Next to my fellow teammates who had held on each other firmly until we had completed this paperwork. Finally to my parents whohad always encourage me to put in some effort to complete such big task and also allowing me to visit each other's house to discuss about this paperwork.
While I was conducting this paperwork, I have gained consciousness in many other things in my life. Completing this paperwork in a team had gave me a chance to know each other and broaden my view on Mathematics. I now know the correct way to apply mathematic knowledge in my daily life to solve a lot of problems.
Besides that, I also have learnt to accept other ideas from different people to make out all the possible results. Then, I know which is the best after those comparison made.This way, I can save a part of time and materials needed to construct any of the objects.For an example, a bridge construction. We use the same method to find out all thethings we needed to complete it in the most beautiful and cost saving way.
Introduction
This project is carried out by every student who taking Additional Mathematic intheir SPM examination. This project carries such aims:-
Experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills. - E xperience classroom environments where knowledge and skills areapplied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems
History of Statistic
By the 18th century, the term "statistics" designated the systematic collection of demographic and economic data by states. In the early 19th century,the meaning of "statistics" broadened, then including the discipline concerned with the collection, summary, and analysis of data. Today statistics is widely employed in government, business, and all the sciences. Electronic computers have expedited statistical computation, and have allowed statisticians to develop"computerintensive" methods. The term "mathematical statistics" designates the mathematical theoriesof probability and statistical inference, which are used in statistical practice. Therelation between statistics and probability theory developed rather late, however. In the 19th century, statistics increasingly used probability theory, whose initial results were found in the17th and 18th centuries, particularly in the analysisof games of chance (gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability models and statistical theories, particularly the method of least squares, which was invented by Legendre and Gauss. Early probability theory and statistics was systematized and extended by Laplace; following Laplace, probability and statistics have beenin continual development. In the 19th century, social scientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of experimental psychology and sociology; physical scientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The development of statistical reasoning was closely associated withthe development of inductive logic and the scientific method. Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an autonomous mathematical science, like computer science or operations research. Unlike mathematics, statistics had its origins in public administration and maintains a special concernwith demography and economics. Being concerned with the scientificmethod and inductive logic, statistical theory has close association withthe philosophy of
science; with its emphasis on learning from data and making best predictions, statistics has great overlap with the decision science and microeconomics. With its concerns with data, statistics has overlapwith information science and computer science
During the 20th century, the creation of precise instruments for agricultural research, public health concerns (epidemiology, biostatistics,etc.), industrial quality control, and economic and social purposes(unemployment rate, economy, etc.) necessitated substantial advances in statistical practices.Today the use of statistics has broadened far beyond its origins. Individualsand organizations use statistics to understand data and make informed decisions throughout the natural and social sciences, medicine, business, and other areas.Statistics is generally regarded not as a subfield of mathematics but rather as a distinct, albeit allied, field. Many universities maintain separatemathematics and statistics departments. Statistics is also taught indepartments as diverse as psychology, education, and public health.
Part 1
The prices of goods sold in shops vary from one shop to another. Shoppers tend to buy goods which are not only reasonably priced but also give value for their money.