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(metric series)
Plain limit gauges
Australian Standard
AS 1997—1977
 The following scientific, industrial and governmental organizations were officially
represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard:

Associated Chambers of Manufactures of Australia

Department of Defence
Department of Productivity
Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries
Institution of Production Engineers
Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia
National Measurement Laboratory
Queensland Institute of Technology
Railways of Australia Committee
Society of Manufacturing Engineers
The Institution of Engineers, Australia
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University of New South Wales

Weapons Research Establishment

This standard, prepared by Committee ME/27, Metrology, was approved on behalf of

the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on 7 December 1976, and was
published on 1 August 1977.

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edit ion, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australian Standards and related publi cati ons wil l be found in the Standards Australi a
Catalogue of Publi cati ons; this informati on is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australi an
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives detail s of new publications, new edit ions
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Australi an Standards, addressed to the head offi ce of Standards Australia,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for public review as DR 76043.
 AS 1997—1977

Australian Standard
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Plain limit gauges

(metric series)

First publi shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1977

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 1162 1
 AS 1997—1977 2

PREFACE

This standard was prepared by the Association’s
Committee on Metrology as part of its program of
providing a rational range of specifications for
measuring equipment in metric units.
Since the issue of AS 1654, Limits and Fits for
Engineering (Metric Units), it became necessary to
revise AS B195, Plain Limit Gauges (Inch Units), in
order to take account of metric conversion, but more
importantly to include the maximum material
condition (MMC) and least material condition (LMC)
limit concept introduced in AS 1654.
AS 1654 is based on ISO/R286, ISO System of
Limits and Fits, which relates mainly to tolerances
and deviations for workpieces, and does not include
requirements for gauges. The ISO Technical Com-
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ISO/R1938/II as related to plain limit gauges, and
gives tolerances to be applied to gauges intended to
be used for the inspection of workpieces made to the
metric limits given in AS 1654. With regard to gauge
tolerances and deviations and their relationship to the
workpiece limits, this standard is identical with
ISO/R1938/II, although both the text and the
numerical data have been differently presented to
provide a clearer understanding of the subject. It
should be noted that this standard does not contain
reference to the inspection of workpieces by direct
measurement, and it is anticipated that this will be the
subject of a further Australian standard.
Attention is drawn to the fact that gauges may be
tested for conformance to this standard by the
National Measurement Laboratory, or by laboratories

mittee (TC 3), realizing this deficiency, subsequently

prepared ISO/R1938/II, ISO System of Limits and
Fits; Inspection of Plain Workpieces.
It was considered by the SAA committee that
ISO/R1938/II formed a reasonable basis for an
Australian standard for gauges for workpieces up to
and including 500 mm only. For sizes over 500 mm,
ISO/R1938/II includes experimental data which
contain a serious anomaly that is considered to be
quite unacceptable in an Australian standard. Briefly,
for sizes over 180 mm, ISO/R1938/II introduces
‘safety zones’ (α and α 1 ) to take into account
uncertainties in the measurement of these larger
gauges and which encroach into the workpiece
tolerance. The magnitude of this amount, and its
disposition relative to the GO gauge member, in sizes
over 500 mm is such that the ‘new gauge’ tolerance
zone lies outside the theoretical wear limit as
determined by the α and α 1 values.
With the exception of the foregoing, however, this
standard embodies all other essential features of
registered with the National Association of Testing
Authorities for the appropriate class of test.
This standard may require reference to AS 1654 and
AS B195 and to the following:
AS 1965 Measurement of Surface Roughness with
Di rect -readi ng S t y l us E l ect roni c
Instruments
AS B129 Designs for Geometric Limit Gauges
(Plain and Screwed in Inch Units).
In accordance with the practice adopted in AS 1100,
Engineering Drawing Practice, the decimal comma
has been used in this standard.
This standard supersedes the metric information given
in AS B195, but that standard will remain in force for
an interim period to satisfy the requirements of those
using the imperial system of measurements.

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exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia.
Standards Australi a wil l also permit the inclusion of its copyri ght material in computer soft ware programs for no royalt y
payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is fr om the current editi on of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.
 3 AS 1997—1977

CONTENTS

Page Page

SECTION 1 SCOPE , TERMS AND S YMBOLS SECTION 5 LIMITS OF SIZE OF GAUGING

1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 MEMBERS
1.2 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.1 Basic Dimensions . . . . . . . . . .. ... 9
1.3 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5.2 Permissible Deviations for New Gauges 9
5.3 Limit of Wear . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 9
SECTION 2 TYPES OF GAUGES 5.4 Limiting Dimensions . . . . . . . .. .. . 9
2.1 Gauges for Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5.5 Reference Temperature . . . . . . ... . 9
2.2 Gauges for Shafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5.6 Form Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . .... 9
2.3 Selection of Gauge Types . . . . . . . . 5 5.7 Measuring Force . . . . . . . . . . . .... 9
5.8 Working Size of a Gap Gauge .... . 9
SECTION 3 FUNCTION AND USE OF GAUGES 5.9 Verification of Gauges . . . . . . ... . 9
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... .. 7
3.2 GO Gauges . . . . . . . . . .. ..... .. 7
3.3 NOT GO Gauges . . . . .. ... .. . .. 7
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3.4 Gauges for Holes . . . . .. ... .. . .. 7 APPENDICES

3.5 Gauges for Shafts . . . . .. ... .. . .. 7
3.6 Reference Temperature .... .. .. . . 7 A Interpretation of Workpiece Limits of
3.7 Disputes . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. .. 7 Size and the Taylor Principle . . . . 18
B Verification of Gauges . . . . . . . . . 21
SECTION 4 D ESIGN FEATURES AND G ENERAL C Derivation of Gauge Deviations (Sizes
REQUIREMENTS up to 180mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.1 Design Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 D Gauges for Workpiece Sizes over
4.2 Material and Stability . . . . . . . . . .. 8 180 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3 Finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 E Examples in the use of Tables . . . . 29
4.4 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8 F Temperature Effects . . . . . . . . . . . 30
 AS 1997—1977 4

STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard Specification

for
PLAIN LIMIT GAUGES— METRIC SERIES

SECTION 1. SCOPE, TERMS AND SYMBOLS

1.1 SCOPE. This standard describes the types of
gauges and gauging procedures used for the
assessment of the conformance to dimensional
specification of plain workpieces. The standard
covers a size range up to and including 500 mm for
gauges for holes, and up to and including 315 mm for
gauges for shafts. The limitation of the size range for
gauges for shafts is due to the fact that there is no
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the Taylor principle; verification of gauges;
derivation of gauge deviations; examples in the use of
the tables; temperature effects.
1.2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS. For terms and
definitions used in this standard, see AS B129* and
AS 1654†, Section 1.
1.3 SYMBOLS. For the purpose of this standard the

international agreement on these types of gauges for following symbols are used (see Fig. 1):
sizes over 315 mm. The standard is presented as T = tolerance on gauges for holes
appropriate to plain cylindrical surfaces, but the
principles may be used for other geometric forms. T1 = tolerance on gauges for shafts
The standard defines the types of gauges and their y = margin outside the MMC workpiece
applications, specifies tolerances and wear limits for limit for the wear limit of gauges for
gauging surfaces, establishes minimum requirements holes
for gauge materials and recommends gauging methods
and procedures for resolving possible disputes. y1 = margin outside the MCC workpiece
Interpretation of the limits of size, including limit for the wear limit of gauges for
geometric deviations and provisions for gauge shafts
identification are also included.
z = distance between centre of tolerance
The design and material requirements are limited to zone of new GO gauges for holes and
those affecting gauging surfaces and performance of the MMC workpiece limit
gauges.
The main section of the standard is limited to sizes z1 = distance between centre of tolerance
up to 180 mm, with sizes over 180 mm given in zone of new GO gauges for shafts and
Appendix D. Other appendices contain information on the MMC workpiece limit.
interpretation of workpiece limits of size and

* AS B129, Designs for Geometri c Limit Gauges (Plain and Screwed in Inch Unit s).
† AS 1654, Limits and Fits for Engineering (Metr ic Units).

GA UG ES FOR HO LES GA UG ES FOR SHAFTS

NOTE: y and y 1 exist only for grades 6, 7 and 8. In all other cases y = y1 = 0.

Fig. 1. TOLER AN CE ZONE S FOR LIMIT GAU GE S, SIZES UP TO AND INC LUDING 180 mm

(See Appendix D for larger sizes)

COPYRIGHT
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AS 1997-1977, Plain limit gauges (metric series)

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