St.

Peters Engineering College

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to thank the almighty and our parents, who have the greatest contribution in all our achievements, of their great care and blessings in making us successful in all our endeavors. We express our profound thanks to the Principal Dr. Prof. K.V.J.RAO of ST.PETERS ENGINEERING COLLEGE, for providing us the necessary facilities to complete the project successfully. We are very much grateful to Assoc. Prof. & Head of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Mr. A. Giri Prasad, of ST. PETERS ENGINEERING

COLLEGE for his encouragement and valuable suggestions. We also express sincere thanks & acknowledges to Asst. Prof. Mr. A. Naveen of the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, of ST. PETERS ENGINEERING COLLEGE for his spontaneous expression of knowledge and valuable suggestions which helped us a lot in bringing up this project. The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of the task would be great but incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible with their constant guidance and encouragement crowns all the efforts with success. In this context, we would like to thank all the other staff members, both teaching and non-teaching, which have extended their timely help and eased our task.

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CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER-1

1 INTRODUCTION..................1

CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 INDUCTION MOTOR

2.1.1 HISTORICAL REVIEW......3 2.1.2 INTRODUCTION OF INDUCTION MOTOR....4 2.1.3 INDUCTION MOTOR GENERAL PRINCIPLE............5 2.1.4 CONSTRUCTION OF INDUCTION MOTOR...........7

2.2 ROTOR 2.2.1 SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR.........10 2.2.2 SLIP RING ROTOR......10 2.2.3 REVOVLING MAGNETIC FIELD.........11 2.2.4 POWER SUPPLY......12

2.3 SYNCHRONOUS SPEED 2.3.1 ROTOR ROTATION..17 2.3.2 INDUCED VOLTAGE ELECTROMAGNET...17

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2.3.3 SLIP...19

2.4 INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES 2.4.1 STEADY STATE REPRESENTATION..20 2.4.2 VOLTAGE VECTOR RESCALING24

2.5 PWM OPERATION 2.5.1 TECHNIQUES OF PWM MODULATION..28

CHAPTER -3 ANALYSIS

3.1 VECTOR CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR 3.1.1 HISTORY39 3.2 DIRECT TORQUE CONTROL. 3.2.1 METHOD,40 3.2.2 HISTORY43

CHAPTER -4 DESIGN

4.1 INVERTER 4.1.1 VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER 49 4.1.2 CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER...64 4.2 APPLICATIONS70 4.3 BAND PASS FILTER71

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CHAPTER -5 MODELLING OF CASE STUDY 5.1 PROPOSED SCHEME..74 5.2 RECONSTRUCTION OF STATOR VOLTAGES & CURRENTS FROM DC LINK....74 5.3 ESTIMATION OF FEEDBACK SIGNALS FROM RECONSTRUCTED QUANTITIES...78

CHAPTER-6 TESTING AND VALIDATION 6.1 SIMULATION STUDIES .81 6.2 MAT LAB DESIGN OF CASE STUDY & RESULTS.84

CHAPTER-7 CONCLUSION.......85

REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................86

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A VARIABLE-SPEED, SENSORLESS, INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING DC LINK MEASUREMENTS

ABSTRACT
The control of IM variable speed drives often requires control of machine currents, which is normally achieved by using a voltage source inverter. In this paper, a new speed sensorless control strategy for IM is proposed that includes the speed control, torque control and current regulation. The drive is operated under torque control with an phase voltages, line currents, flux, torque and rotor speed. If the dc link voltage is assumed as constant, only one current sensor in the dc link is sufficient to give the estimates of all required feedback variables. IGBTs associated with snubber protection and feedback diode are used as switch in inverters. When a switch is being turned-on and the conducting diode at the same leg is being blocked off by this turn-on, because of the reverse recovery effect of diode, this leg is in fact shorted through at this moment such that a positive current spike will appear at the dc link side. The reconstruction of phase currents from the dc-link current can be achieved easily only if two active vectors are present for at least enough time to be sampled. An active or passive-type low-pass filter (LPF) with narrow bandwidth is used to filter out the high frequency components in the ac current waveform.

We propose a modified control scheme that includes the torque control and a current regulated PWM inverter to avoid the undesirable trips due to transient currents. In this system, two PI controllers are used to regulate the average value of torque and speed. The output of the P-I regulators forms the q-axis reference in a synchronously rotating reference frame. The open loop control strategy in an existing v/f drive can be replaced by the proposed close-loop control strategy without requiring any additional power components or the physical sensors. The proposed strategy appears to be a good compromise between the high-cost, high-performance field-oriented drives and the low-cost, low-performance v/f drives.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure1. Figure2. Figure3. Figure4. Figure5. Figure6. Figure7. Figure8. Figure9. Figure10. Figure11. Figure12. Figure13. Figure14. Figure15. Figure17. Figure18. Figure19. Figure20. Figure21. Figure22. Figure23. Showing various parts of induction motor Showing production of magnetic field Showing Lamination of core Showing windings in stator Squirrel cage rotor winding Showing cross section of rotor bar in (a) Deep bar cage (b) Double cage A squirrel-cage AC motor Indicating coil arrangements in stator Phase currents in stator windings 2-Pole stator winding For time T=0 For time T=1 For time T=2 360 Degree Rotation For rotation of rotor Induced voltage electromagnet Shows voltage induced through rotor bar passed through magnetic field Shows current flow through winding A1 produces a north pole Steady-state equivalent circuit of an induction motor Space Vector Diagram Transfer Characteristics Voltage vector rescaling

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Figure24. Figure25. Figure26. Figure27. Figure28. Figure29. Figure30. Figure31. Figure32. Figure33. Figure34. Figure35. Figure36. Figure37. Figure38. Figure39. Figure40. Figure41. Figure42. Figure43. Figure44.

3-phase Space Vector PWM 2-phase (6-step PWM) Space Vector PWM Dead time insertion logic Asymmetrical PWM Mode 3-Phase modulation 2-Phase modulation Space vector showing 2 zero vectors V7,V8 Inverter output voltage space vector Determination of Switching times Inverter switching state for (a) V1, (b) V2 Pulse pattern of Space vector PWM Indicates graphical representation of SPWM and Space Vector PWM Inverter output voltage space vector Definition of the Space vector Vector control of induction motor Direct torque control Current source inverter Inverter circuit Output waveform of an inverter Single phase half bridge VSI Waveforms representing the amplitude of the fundamental component of the ac output voltage ^vo1 satisfying the expression

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LIST OF TABLES
Table1: Indicating the formation of poles in phase windings

Table2:

Shows the synchronous speed at 60 Hz for the corresponding number of poles

Table3:

Shows eight switching states of inverter which can be expressed as space Voltage vector (SA, SB, SC)

Table 4:

DC link current and line voltages