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In our project we are going to study about the operation of different equipments insubstation. It includes study of transmission lines, bus bars, circuit breake rs, isolators,earth switches, various types of transformers such as power transf ormer, capacitor voltage transformer, current transformers, lightning arresters, wave traps and groundingsystem of substation. We will also discuss about the va rious protection scheme applied inthe substation for this equipments.The protect ion system is designed to limit the effects of disturbances in power system, whi ch when allowed persisting, may damage the substation and interrupt thesupply of electrical energy. It covers various types of protection used in substation for 220/132/33 KV transmission lines such as bus bar protection relays, auto reclos ingschemes, etc.,

The present day electrical power system is AC i.e., electric power is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. The electric pow er is produced at the power stations which are located at favourable places, gen erally quiteaway from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumers through a large network of transmission and distribution. At many places in the line of th e power, it may be desirableand necessary to change some characteristics of powe r supply. This is accomplished bysuitable apparatus called Substation.Generating voltage at the power station is stepped upto high voltage for transmission of e lectric power. The assembly of apparatus used for this purpose is thesubstation. Similarly,near the consumers localities, the voltage may have to be steppeddown to utilization level. This job is again accomplished by a suitable apparatus ca lledsubstation. The type of equipment needed in the substation will depend upon the servicerequirement. 1

2.1 Introduction

An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation,t ransmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to lo w or the reverse using transformers. Electric power flows through several substa tions betweengenerating plant and consumer changing the voltage level in several stages.A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage with d ecreasingcurrent, while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage with incre asing the currentfor domestic and commercial distribution. The word substation c omes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. At first substa tions were connected to onlyone power station where the generator was housed and were subsidiaries of that power station. 2.2 Elements of Substation Substations generally contain one or more transformers and have switching, prote ction and control equipment. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any short-circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Smaller distribution stations may use re-closer circuit breakers or fuses for p rotection of branchcircuits. A typical substation will contain line termination structures, high-voltageswitchgear, one or more power transformers, low voltage switchgear, surge protection,controls, grounding (earthing) system, and metering . Other devices such as power factor correction capacitors and voltage regulator s may also be located at a substation.Substations may be on the surface in fence d enclosures, underground, or located inspecial-purpose buildings.High-rise buil dings may have indoor substations. Indoor substations are usuallyfound in urban areas to reduce the noise from the transformers, to protect switchgear from extr eme climate or pollution conditions. 2

2.3 Types of Substation Substations are of three types. They are:a) Transmission Substation b) Distribut ion Substationc) Collector Substation

a) Transmission Substation A transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines. The simplestc ase is where all transmission lines have the same voltage. In such cases, the su bstationcontains high-voltage switches that allow lines to be connected or isola ted for faultclearance or maintenance. A transmission station may have transform ers to convert thevoltage from voltage level to other, voltage control devices s uch as capacitors, reactors or Static VAR Compensators and equipment such as pha se shifting transformers to control power flow between two adjacent power system s. The largest transmission substationscan cover a large area (several acres/hec

tares) with multiple voltage levels, many circuit breakers and a large amount of protection and control equipment (voltage and currenttransformers, relays and S CADA systems). Modern substations may be implementedusing International Standard s such as IEC61850 . b) Distribution Substation A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to thedis tribution system of an area. It is uneconomical to directly connect electricityc onsumers to the high-voltage main transmission network, unless they use large am ountsof power. So the distribution station reduces voltage to a value suitable f or localdistribution. The input for a distribution substation is typically at le ast two transmissionor sub transmission lines. Input voltage may be, for example , 220KV or whatever is 3

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chowdarytalla good concepts 02 / 09 / 2011..

09 / 29 / 2010This document made it onto the Rising List!

Nitin Ohri its very help full 07 / 18 / 2010..

Study of Elements of a 22013233kv Substation Study of Elements of a 22013233kv Substation Download or Print 7,094 Reads Info and Rating

Uploaded by ARVIND Follow.

Search TIP Press Ctrl-F to quickly search anywhere in the document.

Sections 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Elements of Substation 2.3 Types of Substation 2.4 Substation Transformer Type 2.5 General Considerations 2.6 Layout 2.7Maintenance 2.8 Conclusion: 3.1 Introduction 3.2Line diagram: 3.3 The interconnection of 220 KV Grid Substations 3.4 Feeders 3.5 Conclusion 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Construction 4.3.1 Instrument Transformer: 4.3.2 Power Transformers 4.4 Tests 4.5 Commissioning 4.6 Applications and General Instructions 4.7 Conclusion 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Types of Instruments

5.3 Conclusion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types of Insulators 6.3 Bushings 6.4 Terminology 6.5 Pollution Deposition Process 6.6 Failure Modes of Insulators 6.7 Remedies 6.8Conclusion: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types and Methods of Grounding 7.3 Earthing and Bonding 7.4 Conclusion 8.1 Introduction 8.2Compensating Capacitor 8.3 Power factor correction 8.4 Conclusion

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In our project we are going to study about the operation of different equipments insubstation. It includes study of transmission lines, bus bars, circuit breake rs, isolators,earth switches, various types of transformers such as power transf ormer, capacitor voltage transformer, current transformers, lightning arresters, wave traps and groundingsystem of substation. We will also discuss about the va rious protection scheme applied inthe substation for this equipments.The protect ion system is designed to limit the effects of disturbances in power system, whi ch when allowed persisting, may damage the substation and interrupt thesupply of electrical energy. It covers various types of protection used in substation for 220/132/33 KV transmission lines such as bus bar protection relays, auto reclos ingschemes, etc.,

The present day electrical power system is AC i.e., electric power is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. The electric pow er is produced at the power stations which are located at favourable places, gen erally quiteaway from the consumers. It is delivered to the consumers through a large network of transmission and distribution. At many places in the line of th e power, it may be desirableand necessary to change some characteristics of powe r supply. This is accomplished bysuitable apparatus called Substation.Generating voltage at the power station is stepped upto high voltage for transmission of e lectric power. The assembly of apparatus used for this purpose is thesubstation. Similarly,near the consumers localities, the voltage may have to be steppeddown to utilization level. This job is again accomplished by a suitable apparatus ca lledsubstation. The type of equipment needed in the substation will depend upon the servicerequirement. 1

2.1 Introduction An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation,t ransmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to lo w or the reverse using transformers. Electric power flows through several substa tions betweengenerating plant and consumer changing the voltage level in several stages.A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage with d ecreasingcurrent, while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage with incre asing the currentfor domestic and commercial distribution. The word substation c omes from the days before the distribution system became a grid. At first substa tions were connected to onlyone power station where the generator was housed and were subsidiaries of that power station. 2.2 Elements of Substation Substations generally contain one or more transformers and have switching, prote ction and control equipment. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any short-circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Smaller distribution stations may use re-closer circuit breakers or fuses for p rotection of branchcircuits. A typical substation will contain line termination structures, high-voltageswitchgear, one or more power transformers, low voltage switchgear, surge protection,controls, grounding (earthing) system, and metering . Other devices such as power factor correction capacitors and voltage regulator s may also be located at a substation.Substations may be on the surface in fence d enclosures, underground, or located inspecial-purpose buildings.High-rise buil dings may have indoor substations. Indoor substations are usuallyfound in urban areas to reduce the noise from the transformers, to protect switchgear from extr eme climate or pollution conditions. 2

2.3 Types of Substation Substations are of three types. They are:a) Transmission Substation b) Distribut ion Substationc) Collector Substation

a) Transmission Substation

A transmission substation connects two or more transmission lines. The simplestc ase is where all transmission lines have the same voltage. In such cases, the su bstationcontains high-voltage switches that allow lines to be connected or isola ted for faultclearance or maintenance. A transmission station may have transform ers to convert thevoltage from voltage level to other, voltage control devices s uch as capacitors, reactors or Static VAR Compensators and equipment such as pha se shifting transformers to control power flow between two adjacent power system s. The largest transmission substationscan cover a large area (several acres/hec tares) with multiple voltage levels, many circuit breakers and a large amount of protection and control equipment (voltage and currenttransformers, relays and S CADA systems). Modern substations may be implementedusing International Standard s such as IEC61850 . b) Distribution Substation A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to thedis tribution system of an area. It is uneconomical to directly connect electricityc onsumers to the high-voltage main transmission network, unless they use large am ountsof power. So the distribution station reduces voltage to a value suitable f or localdistribution. The input for a distribution substation is typically at le ast two transmissionor sub transmission lines. Input voltage may be, for example , 220KV or whatever is 3

of 67

Leave a Comment

You must be logged in to leave a comment.

Submit Characters: 400.

chowdarytalla good concepts 02 / 09 / 2011..

09 / 29 / 2010This document made it onto the Rising List!

Nitin Ohri its very help full 07 / 18 / 2010..

Study of Elements of a 22013233kv Substation Study of Elements of a 22013233kv Substation Download or Print 7,094 Reads Info and Rating

Uploaded by ARVIND Follow.

Search TIP Press Ctrl-F to quickly search anywhere in the document.

Sections 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Elements of Substation 2.3 Types of Substation 2.4 Substation Transformer Type 2.5 General Considerations 2.6 Layout 2.7Maintenance 2.8 Conclusion: 3.1 Introduction 3.2Line diagram: 3.3 The interconnection of 220 KV Grid Substations 3.4 Feeders 3.5 Conclusion 4.1 Introduction

4.2 Construction 4.3.1 Instrument Transformer: 4.3.2 Power Transformers 4.4 Tests 4.5 Commissioning 4.6 Applications and General Instructions 4.7 Conclusion 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Types of Instruments 5.3 Conclusion 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types of Insulators 6.3 Bushings 6.4 Terminology 6.5 Pollution Deposition Process 6.6 Failure Modes of Insulators 6.7 Remedies 6.8Conclusion: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Types and Methods of Grounding 7.3 Earthing and Bonding 7.4 Conclusion 8.1 Introduction 8.2Compensating Capacitor 8.3 Power factor correction 8.4 Conclusion

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1 p. Skin Response Meter.

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128 p. micro controller. Next

. .

. .

. ..

Upload Search Follow Us! scribd.com/scribd twitter.com/scribd facebook.com/scribd About Press Blog Partners Scribd 101 Web Stuff Support FAQ Developers / API Jobs Terms Copyright Privacy .

Copyright 2012 Scribd Inc. Language: English

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