Operating System

By
Anam Saeed, Hira Naz Lodhi, Sania Riaz, Amara Azmat BS-6th Sir Mudassar Hussain

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND WORKING OF CLOUD COMPUTING TYPES OF CLOUD COMPUTING MODELS OF CLOUD COMPUTING ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES CHARACTERISTICS CONCLUSION

1: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

1. Abstract:
Cloud computing is internet based on development and use of computer technology. [2] Cloud Computing provides computation, data access, storage services. Cloud Computing describes new models for IT services based on Internet. [11]
2.

2: PaaS (Platform as a Service) 3: SaaS (Software as a Service) Cloud computing allows consumers and businesses to use applications without installation and access their personal files at any computer with internet access. [3]

3. Background:
In the past, it represents the telephone networks. The concept of cloud computing was developed in 1960. By the turn of the 21st century, the term "cloud computing" began to appear more widely. Amazon played an important role in the development of cloud computing. [3] In the past computers were grouped together to form a single larger computer. This was a technique common to the industry, and used by many IT departments. The technique allowed you to arrange computers to talk with each other. In the early 1990s there came a new concept of The Grid [4]. Grid computing is applying the resources of many computers in a network to a single problem at the same time [5]. Taking grid further into the service offering, is The Cloud [4].

Introduction:

The definition of cloud computing is ever changing. Cloud computing is a general term that describes the delivery of hosted services (usually software) that replace the need for an organization to incur infrastructure costs, including the time spent setting up local hardware and software components. Cloud computing can be thought of as an outsourced IT network. [1]

[1] Cloud computing describe web applications. [2]. There are three models of cloud computing.

4. Working of Cloud Computing:

Cloud computing is considered easy to install. You dont need to get additional hardware or software for the installation. The implementation can be done remotely [6]. The cloud is

basically a batch of computers called data centers or servers that hold your information (files, images, videos, etc) and can be located anywhere. Youre working in a cloud because you dont have to store software or files on your own computer.[7]

To understand it works, it is important to think of cloud computing in two levels. The front level is the user level which is what you use such as your Google Email or Facebook or the webpage where you are downloading the latest version of Flash. The other level is the backend which is all of the hardware and the software architecture. Its here that the actual Gmail or Facebook is held waiting to be accessed by you [8]

[7]

[7]

5. Types of Cloud Computing:

1: Private Cloud [7] In a cloud computing system, there's a significant workload shift. Local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications. [7] 2: Public Cloud 3: Hybrid Cloud 4: Community Cloud

Private cloud:

Private cloud is deployed for specific organization or departments need. [9] It is not shared to any other organization. It is expensive and more secure. [10] Services access is limited to customers eith their specific needs. [9]

[9]

Public Cloud:
Public cloud is computing model in which services, applications, storage, and other resources are available over the internet. [9] Computing infrastructure is shared between organizations. [10]

Models Of Cloud Computing:

There are three models of cloud computing 1: Infrastructure As a Service 2: Platform as a Service 3: Software As a Service

Hybrid Cloud:
Hybrid cloud is the combination of two or more clouds, whether public or private. [9]

Infrastructure as a Service:
IaaS offers storage, data resources that developers need to provide solution to businesses, databases into one platform used to run applications. Also referred as Resource Cloud.[14] Two things which makes IaaS special: 1: Elasticity 2: Virtualization [14] Exmaples are SQL, amazon. [11]

Community Cloud:
Community cloud involves sharing of infrastructure between organizations of same community. [9]

Examples are Gmail, Google Docs. [11]

[15]

Platform as a Service:
PaaS offers oppurtunities for developers to benefit from cloud computing. Enables developers to make and deploy web applications on a hosted infrastructure. [14] Typically includes development environment, compilers, testing tools, programming language. This service provides everything to develop a software as a service. [15] Examples are Google Apps Engine, Windows Azure [11]

[15]

[11]

Advantages:
Cloud Computing is on everybodys mind. [15] The advantages of Cloud Computing are as follows: 1: Scalability: Some cloud services allowed businesses to pay for what they use. Accommodate cloud apps by having more server space. [12] 2: Cost Effectiveness:

Software as a Service:
It provides network based access to commercially available software. [14] In this consumer is free of all worries, and service provider has administrative control on applications which is responsible for its update, maintenance, security and deployment. [15]

Cloud reduces costs, as you dont have to buy software. Moving your business to cloud reduces the cost and need of IT staff. [12] 3: Agility: Another advantage is that cloud quickly solves problem and dont have to wait longer for solution. [11] 4: Easier Access: Services available in cloud can be easily access for anywhere and anytime. Businesses having cloud also access their employees from distant places. To access cloud we dont need to install any software in computer but through web browsers we can easily access cloud services. [12] 5: Fast start up and product development: Cloud computing is fast in implementing new things to cloud, in development of new products without having extra expenses.

As there are advantages for cloud computing, there are some disadvantages as well. 1: Performance: Application performance may suffer because in cloud environment all websites are competing for hardware resources, so it slower downs the performance of applications. [11] 2: Security: As cloud environment is not so secure because all the data is on virtual servers and everything is done via internet so hackers find it easy to hack all the data than on physical servers. [13] 3: Compatibility of existing peripherals and devices with cloud: An organization must sure of the compatibility of existing peripherals and devices with cloud because if these devices are not compatible with cloud you have to buy new devices which introduces extra cost. [13] Through advantages we can sure of this that cloud computing is very popular, fast and easy way to access the services and applications, as disadvantages shows that cloud computing is not better for security purpose.

[11]

Disadvantages:

Characteristics:
1: Consumption based billing:

In this characteristic, consumer will pay only for what he uses. [16] 2: Rapid Elasticity: Consumers will increase or decrease capacity within some minutes. [16] 3: Self service based model: Users can upload, build, deploy, manage and report their business services on demand so this sort of flexibility helps their business to work with agility. [16] 4: Reliability: It can be improved by having multiple sites on same service, if one faces any problem the other can take over the load for time being. [16] 5: Maintenance: It is another characteristic in which users dont have to install the application on computer but the application is installed on centralized server through which user access it. [16]

but still it is effective choice to improve productivity in businesses.

References:
[1]. Steve chipman, Definition of cloud computing, 4 nov 2009 [2]. Sumanth Lakkimsetti, Report on Architecture, Storage Networks & SecurityChallenges in Cloud Computing [3]. Khushal Gupta, Seminar Report on cloud computing. [4]. Paul Wallis, A Brief History of Cloud Computing: Is the Cloud There Yet? [5]: Margaret Rouse, Grid computing [6]: hostingnews.com [7]: Jonathan Strickland, How Cloud Computing Works [8]: Will Spencer, How Does Cloud Computing Work? [9]: Nwosu Desmond, Types of Cloud Computing [10]: Arkid Mitra, Types of Cloud Computing [11]: Webgranth, A complete reference to cloud computing [12]: Kristi Holland, Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing [13]: Abie L., Advantages and Disadvantages of cloud computing

Conclusion:
By considering the above content, Cloud computing is an emerging technology and in future all the businesses will be on cloud. Cloud computing is model for providing convenient, on-demand network access to shared pool of computer resources. Cloud computing suffers some security and privacy problems

[14]: Dan Orlando, Cloud computing service models [15]: Basant Narayan Singh, Cloud service models [16]: Arkid Mitra, features of cloud computing