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4. What is the LAX VOC emission fingerprint 5. How important are marine VOC emissions on the Los Angeles basin air quality 6. Are there certain areas of the LA Basin that emit proportionally more greenhouse gases
7. How do greenhouse gas levels in 2012 compare with those observed in NASAs ARCTAS project flown in 2008 8. Are there ANY significant sources of CFCs and methyl chloroform in the LA Basin 9. Using aircraft data can we determine if methyl bromide is still being used for structural fumigation for termites in the LA Basin?
10. Has chlorinated solvent use in the LA Basin changed since ARCTAS 11. Do we see chlorinated solvents in water treatment facilities or local rivers 12. Have OVOC emissions from dairies changed during the past four years. 13. Can we estimate methane emissions from dairies in the central valley and can we isolate methane emissions from cattle from manure emissions.
Whole Air Sampling group members will learn the importance of and participate in:
Preparation of canisters for whole air sampling Discussions of previous airborne and ground based studies Flight planning-where to fill canisters Chemical analysis of samples Data preparation Methods of data interpretation
Field work
Team Pink
UC-Irvine laboratory
Response (mV)
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 0 0 mV 1.0 2.0 3.0 H-1211 4.0 CFC-11 5.0 CH3I 6.0 CH2Cl2 Methyl Nitrate 7.0 CHCl3 Ethyl Nitrate 8.0 9.0 10.0 3-Pentyl Nitrate / 2-Pentyl Nitrate 11.0 min 12.3 CHBr3 C2CHCl3 CHBrCl2 n-Propyl Nitrate C2Cl4 2-Butyl Nitrate i-Propyl Nitrate
Time (min)
CFC-113
Halocarbons
CFCs: strong greenhouse gases Many: stratospheric O3 depletors
CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 CFC-114 CCl4 CH3CCl3 H-1211 H-2402 HCFC-141b HCFC-142b HCFC-22 HFC-134a 1,2-DCE C2Cl4 C2HCl3 CHCl3 CHBr3 CH2Cl2 CH2Br2 CHBrCl2 CHBr2Cl CH3Cl CH3Br CH3I C2H5I etc.
Carbon monoxide
Urban air pollutant Decreases global OH
Sulfur compounds
Cloud condensation nuclei Affect global albedo
DMS DMDS OCS CS2
Organic nitrates
Transport NOx (= NO + NO2) NOx = trop. O3 precursor
MeONO2 EtONO2 1-PrONO2 2-PrONO2 2-BuONO2 2-PeONO2 3-PeONO2
3-week period Number of samples 60-80 per trip Locations (40-45) Alaska Pacific Northwest Baja California Central Pacific South Pacific
6/19/12
Barrow, Alaska (71N) Our most northerly sampling location Photo: Looking north at the Arctic coast (June 2002)
6/19/12
Bluff, New Zealand (47S) Our most southerly sampling location Photo: Looking south towards Antarctica (September 1998)
We work with NASA, NOAA, NSF, and groups around the world studying processes important to global climate change, startospheric ozone depletion, and urban pollution
The NASA DC-8 in Tahiti On the tarmac, exchanging filled canisters with empty ones in preparation for the next flight
During a typical 8-hour science flight, we collected about 150 pressurized air samples.
Ethane + OH ~20 days in tropics CO + OH ~20 days in tropics Ethyne + OH ~6 days in tropics Ethene + OH ~1 day in tropics Propene + OH ~6 hours in tropics
Source
Emissions Estimates
Compound
methane
ethane
propane
n-butane
i-butane
n-pentane
i-pentane
Emissions
4.2 6.4 Tg/yr
0.30 0.46 Tg/yr
0.20 0.29 Tg/yr
75 110 Gg/yr
31 46 Gg/yr
18 26 Gg/yr
17 25 Gg/yr
2 years ago
Photo Album
by Don Blake
Emissions of :
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Light hydrocarbons, alcohols,
carbonyls, acids, halogenated HC
and NO + NO2 = NOx
- carbonyls
+ h
+ O2
- peroxides
- Ozone
- organic nitrates
- organic aerosols
O3
NO
NO2
O3
NO
NO2
O2
O3
NO
NO2
Needs:
O3 + NO NO2
O2
O3
NO
NO2
Needs:
O3 + NO NO2
O2
With Hydrocarbons
O3 + h O(1D) + O2
O(1D) + H2O 2 HO
HO + RH + O2 RO2 + H2O
HO radicals are the principal sink for CH4, HCFCs, and many other greenhouse gases.
O3
NO
NO2
Needs:
O3 + NO NO2
O2
With Hydrocarbons
RO2
NO
O3
NO
NO2
Needs:
O3 + NO NO2
O2
With Hydrocarbons
RO2
NO
RO
NO2
O3
NO
NO2
Needs:
O3 + NO NO2
O2
With Hydrocarbons
RO2
NO
RO
NO2
O2
O3
O3
NO
NO2
Needs:
O3 + NO NO2
O2
With Hydrocarbons
RO2
NO
RO
Uses HC radicals for
NO2
rapid conversion of
NO NO2
O2
O3
RONO2
Major Pathway
RO
NO
OH Hydrocarbon H2O
NO2 + h
NO
NO + O(3P) O2
RH
R.
O2
Alkylperoxy radical
ROO
HO2
ROOH
M O3
M + NO2 ROONO2
ROO. ROOR