Correct Answers Chapter 9 Online Assessment

B 1. When a single-celled organism produces offspring by splitting into two identical new cells, the process is an example of a. b. c. d. e. sexual reproduction. asexual reproduction. chromosome duplication. recombination. meiosis.

A 2. The difference between a cell in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle is that a. b. c. d. e. the cell contains more DNA in G2. by G2, the spindle has begun to form. chromosomes are visible in G1. mitosis follows G1. the S phase comes after G2. E a. b. c. d. e. 3. A sign that a eukaryotic cell has begun mitosis is

the spindle forms. the ribosome production stops. the chromatin becomes visible as chromosomes. the nucleolus disappears. all of the above

A 4. The amount of DNA in the nucleus of a cell is doubled during ____________________. a. b. c. d. e. interphase. prophase. metaphase. anaphase. telophase. 5. Which of the following statements about the cell cycle

B is FALSE? a. b. c.

A cell spends up to 90 percent of its time in interphase. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells follow similar cell cycles. The speed of cell division varies with the cell role within the organism.

d. e.

Some eukaryotic cells do not follow the cell cycle. Irregularities in the cell cycle can lead to disease.

A 6. In interphase, after a cell duplicates its DNA, each chromosome consists of a. b. c. d. e. cells? two two two two two B sister chromatids. centrioles. centromeres. spindles. cell plates. 7. How does cytokinesis differ in animal cells and plant

a. In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs in telophase; in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs in interphase. b. In animal cells, the plasma membrane pinches inward; in plant cells, a disk of cell wall material grows outward. c. In animals, the result is two diploid cells; in plants, two haploid cells result. d. Cytokinesis completes cell division in animals but not in plants. e. all of the above E 8. dangerous because a. b. c. d. e. The uncontrolled cell division of cancer cells is

the cells can displace normal tissues. the cells can spread into surrounding tissues. the cells can migrate to other parts of the body. cancer cells do not function as normal tissue cells. all of the above

A 9. Both radiation and chemotherapy can be effective treatments for cancer because a. b. c. d. e. they they they they they can stop cancer cells from dividing. can remove tumors. have few side effects. cut off the blood supply to tumors. only work on old, mature cells. How do homologous chromosomes and sister

C 10. chromatids differ?

a. Homologous chromosomes are formed in mitosis, while sister chromatids are formed in meiosis.

b. Homologous chromosomes are genetically identical, while the sister chromatids may carry different versions of their genes. c. Homologous chromosomes may carry different versions of their genes, while sister chromatids are genetically identical. d. Sister chromatids carry twice as much DNA as homologous chromosomes. e. During meiosis I sister chromatids separate, while during meiosis II homologous chromosomes separate. C FALSE? 11. Which of the following statements about karyotypes is

a. A karyotype visually displays all of an individuals chromosomes. b. A human karyotype contains 46 chromosomes. c. A karyotype shows how chromosomes in homologous pairs are always identical to their mates. d. Human karyotypes contain 23 homologous pairs of chromosomes. e. In humans a female karyotype is different than a male karyotype. A 12. If not for meiosis, with each generation the chromosome number of a species of organism would a. b. c. d. e. double. quadruple. halve. quarter. remain constant.

C 13. The two processes that ensure a constant number of chromosomes from generation to generation in sexually reproducing species are a. b. c. d. e. mitosis and meiosis. mitosis and fertilization. meiosis and fertilization. meiosis and cytokinesis. mitosis and cytokinesis.

A 14. Which of the following statements describes a major difference between mitosis and meiosis? a. Meiosis produces four haploid cells, while mitosis produces two diploid cells. b. The offspring cells of mitosis are not genetically identical, while those of meiosis are. c. Mitosis occurs after interphase, while meiosis occurs during interphase. d. Mitosis occurs in plant cells, while meiosis is unique to animal cells.

e. Mitosis reduces the number of chromosomes, while meiosis maintains the same number of chromosomes. A a. cell. b. c. d. e. 15. Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, except that

instead of starting with a diploid cell, meiosis II starts with a haploid in meiosis II, homologous chromosomes pair up. centromeres are critical to mitosis, but absent in meiosis II. all of the above none of the above

D 16. Which process generally plays a larger role in an organisms day-to-day survival, and why? a. b. c. d. e. Meiosis, because it involves two nuclear divisions. Mitosis, because it results in diploid daughter cells. Meiosis, because it results in haploid daughter cells. Mitosis, because it is involved in an organisms growth and repair. Meiosis, because it allows for sexual reproduction.

B 17. Genetic variation among offspring is ensured by the random assortment of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I and a. b. c. d. e. in the separation of chromatids during metaphase II. crossing over. the formation of tetrads. the production of sister chromatids. all of the above C a. b. c. d. e. 18. Crossing over occurs

during interphase. during mitosis. when homologous chromosomes are arranged as tetrads. during metaphase II of meiosis. as gametes unite during fertilization. The daughter cells of mitosis differ from those of

A 19. meiosis in that a. b. c. d. e.

they are diploid. they are haploid. there are four of them rather than two. the chromosomes are single-stranded. they will form gametes.

B guided by a. b. c. d. e.

20.

During mitosis, the movement of chromosomes is

structures called centromeres. a framework of microtubules called the spindle. a cell plate. the nucleoli. tetrads.