1 Class Class Register No Name

C.H.I.J. SECONDARY TOA PAYOH Preliminary Examination Secondary Four Special & Express

CHEMISTRY
Paper 2

5072/02
14th September 2009 Monday

Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Answer Paper

1 hour 45 minutes

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, class register number and class in the spaces provided at the top of this page and on any separate answer paper used. Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs, or rough working. You may use a calculator. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Section B Answer all three questions, the last question is in the form either/or. Write your answers on the separate answer paper. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 2. A copy of Colours of Some Common Metal Hydroxides is printed on page 16. For Examiners Use Section A

/ 50
/ 10 / 10 / 10 / 80

B9

B 10 B 11
TOTAL

This document consists of 16 printed pages

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3 Section A Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided. A1 The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical properties of the six substances A to F.
substance

melting point /oC

Boiling point /oC

electrical conductor at room temperature

electrical conductor of substance dissolved in water

A B C D E F (a) (b) (c) (d)

961 113 0 803 5 to -10 -85

2193 444 100 1465 102 to 105 -60

good does not conduct very poor does not conduct good does not conduct

does not dissolve does not dissolve very poor good good does not dissolve

Which three substances are solids at room temperature? ......[1] Which one is an ionic compound? .[1] Which substance is a metal? .........[1] Which one is an impure substance? .........[1] [Total: 4]

A2

In the 19th and 20th centuries, scientists established the atomic theory and showed that three sub-atomic particles, electron, neutron and proton, exist. The masses and charges of these three particles were subsequently determined. When separate beams of electrons, neutrons or protons are passed through an electric field in the apparatus below, they behave differently.
+

beam of particles

(a)

(i)

Which of these three particles will be deflected the most by the electric field? ...............................................................................................[1]

(ii)

In which direction will this particle be deflected? Explain your answer. . .....[2]
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4 A2 (b) Define the term proton number. ..........................................................................................................................[1] (c) Protons and neutrons have been used in nuclear reactions which result in the formation of artificial elements. In such processes, protons or neutrons are accelerated to high speeds and then fired like bullets at the nucleus of an atom of an element. Suggest why neutrons are more effective than protons as nuclear bullets. ................ .........................[2] (d) In some cases, when neutrons are fired at atoms of an element, the neutrons become part of the nucleus of those atoms. What effect does the presence of an extra neutron have on the chemical properties of the new atoms formed? Explain your answer. .............................................................................................................. .[1] [Total: 7]

A3

This question refers to the elements shown in the Periodic Table below.

H Li Be Na Mg K Ca Sc B Al Ga C Si Ge N O P S As Se

Ti

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

He F Ne Cl Ar Br Kr

(a)

From the elements shown, identify in each case one element that has the property described. Give the name or formula of the element. (i) An element that has a molecule which contains only one atom. (ii) The element that has the smallest atomic radius. .............................................................................................................. (iii) The element in Period 3 that has the highest melting point. ..........................................................................................................[3]

(b)

Use the elements shown to answer the following questions. (i) Give the formulae of two acidic oxides formed by the same element.
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5 A3 (b) (ii) Give the name or formula of an oxide that is amphoteric. ................................................................................. (iii) Identify an element that reacts with water to give a solution that can behave as an oxidising agent. .............................................................................. [4] [Total: 7] A4 Lavandulol is found in lavender plants. The formula of lavandulol is shown below. CH3 C CH CH2 HOCH2CH C CH3 (a) (b) CH2 [1] CH3

Circle the alcohol functional group in this formula. Is lavandulol a saturated or unsaturated compound? Give a reason for your answer.

.[1] (c) Lavandulol can be extracted from lavender flowers by distillation using the apparatus shown below. The lavandulol is carried off in small droplets with the steam.

(i)

State the name of the piece of apparatus labelled A. ......[1]

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6 A4 (c) (ii) What is the temperature of the water at point X in the diagram? .[1] (iii) The lavandulol and water are collected in the beaker. What information in the diagram shows that lavandulol is less dense than water? .........[1] (d) Lavender flowers contain a variety of different pigments (colourings). A student separated these pigments using paper chromatography. The results are shown in the diagram below.

(i)

Put an X on this diagram to show where the mixture of pigments was placed at the start of the experiment. [1]

(ii)

How many different pigments have been separated? .........[1]

(iii)

During chromatography, the solvent evaporates and then diffuses throughout the chromatography jar. What do you understand by the term diffusion? Complete the following sentence. The term refers to the .of molecules from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration. [1] [Total: 8]

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7 A5 Tartaric acid can also be extracted from grape juice. The structure of tartaric acid is shown below. OH HO2C C H (a) OH C CO2H H

Deduce the empirical formula of tartaric acid. ..........................................................................................................................[1]

(b)

A solution of tartaric acid was titrated with 0.100 mol/dm3 potassium hydroxide. C2H2(OH)2(CO2H)2 + 2KOH tartaric acid

C2H2(OH)2(CO2K)2 + 2H2O

It required 6.00 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide solution to neutralise 20.0 cm3 of tartaric acid. Calculate the concentration, in mol /dm3, of the tartaric acid solution.

[2] (c) Tartaric acid is purified by recrystallisation. On analysis, 8.00 g of impure tartaric acid was found to contain 7.40 g of pure tartaric acid. Calculate the percentage purity of the impure tartaric acid.

[1] [Total: 4]

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8 A6 The table shows some properties of different metals. Metals Aluminium copper Iron zinc (a) (i)
Approximate cost of extracting 1kg (S$)

Melting point (0C) 660 1085 1538 420

Density (g/cm3) 2.70 8.92 7.87 7.14

Thermal conductivity Good Excellent poor poor

3.60 2.10 0.30 1.50

Which is the most expensive metal to extract? Suggest a reason why the extraction costs for this metal are more expensive than those of the other metals. ..... .[1]

(ii)

Give one reason why it is important to recycle as much of this metal as possible. .... ...[1]

(b)

A student used the apparatus shown below to compare the thermal conductivities of the three metals.

The student placed one rod of each metal on a tripod, with a small wooden splint stuck to one end with petroleum jelly. The rods were heated at one end and the student timed how long it took each wooden splint to fall off. Describe three things the student should do to ensure a fair test. (Number each point in your answer.) ...... .... .... .... .....[3] [Total: 5]
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9 A7 The rate of a reaction depends on concentration of reactants, temperature and possibly a catalyst or light. (a) A piece of magnesium ribbon was added to 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid. The hydrogen evolved was collected in a gas syringe and its volume measured every 30 seconds.

In all the experiments mentioned in this question, the acid was in excess. The results were plotted to give a graph.

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10 A7 (a) (i) The experiment was repeated. Two pieces of magnesium ribbon were added to 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid. Sketch this graph on the same grid and label it X. [2] The experiment was repeated using one piece of magnesium ribbon and 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 ethanoic acid. Sketch this graph on the same grid and label it Y. [2]

(ii)

(b)

Reaction rate increases when concentration is increased. Using the idea of reacting particles, explain why increasing concentration increases reaction rate. [2]

(c)

The rate of a photochemical reaction is affected by light. A reaction, in plants, between carbon dioxide and water is photochemical. (i) Name the two products of this reaction. ...[2] (ii) This reaction will only occur in the presence of light and another chemical. Name this chemical. ......[1] [Total: 9]

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11 A8 Methylamine, CH3NH2, is a weak base. Its properties are similar to those of ammonia. (a) An aqueous solution of the strong base, sodium hydroxide, is pH 12. Predict the pH of an aqueous solution of methylamine which has the same concentration. Give a reason for your choice of pH. ..... .. ......[2] (b) Methylamine is a weak base like ammonia. (i) Methylamine can neutralise acids. 2CH3NH2 + H2SO4

(CH3NH3)2SO4 methylammonium sulfate

Write the equation for the reaction between methylamine and hydrochloric acid. Name the salt formed. ..... ......[2] (ii) When aqueous methylamine is added to aqueous iron(II) sulfate, a green precipitate is formed. What would you see if iron(III) chloride solution had been used instead of iron(II) sulfate? ...[1] (iii) Suggest the name of a reagent that will displace methylamine from one of its salts, for example methylammonium sulfate. ......[1] [Total: 6]

End of Section A

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12 Section B Answer all three questions from this section. The last question is in the form of an either/or and only one of the alternatives should be attempted. The total mark for this section is 30. Write your answers on separate answer paper.

B9

A coal-fired power station releases fumes into the air from the top of a tall chimney.

These fumes contain the gas sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide reacts in the air to make acid rain.

(a)

(i) (ii)

Which solid element present in the coal forms the gas sulfur dioxide? Which two substances in the air react with sulfur dioxide to make acid rain? [2]

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13 B9 (b) A scientist investigates the effect of sulfur dioxide released from the power station on plants. He counts the number of plant species growing in 1 m2 of roadside verge at different distances from the power station. At each location he makes this measurement five times and takes an average. He makes his measurements in the direction that the wind blows fumes from the power station. His results are shown in the table. Distance from power station/km Average number of plant species in 1 m2 5 4 10 3 15 4 20 6 25 8 30 10 35 12 40 12 45 15 50 14

The scientist also makes a set of measurements 10 km in the opposite direction from the power plant. This shows an average of 15 species of plants in 1 m2. (i) Why did the scientist take one set of measurements in the direction opposite to that in which the wind blows from the power plant? The scientists results suggest that there is a correlation between the distance from the power station and the number of plant species. Describe this correlation. [2]

(ii)

(c)

The scientist takes a further set of measurements at the side of the road immediately outside the power station. measurement number number of plant species in 1m2 (i) 1 9 2 10 3 8 4 9 5 8 mean value 9

Suggest why the scientist took a number of measurements and worked out the average instead of making just one measurement. He found that there are more plant species immediately outside the power plant than there are 5 km away. Suggest an explanation for this. [4] [Total: 8]

(ii)

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14 B10 The diagram shows a cell for purifying copper.

(a)

Describe what you would observe during this electrolysis and write the equations for the reactions at the electrodes. [4] The electrodes and the electrolyte conduct electricity. (i) (ii) Explain how the structure of metals allows copper electrodes to conduct electricity. Explain why solid copper(II) sulfate does not conduct electricity but an aqueous solution of copper(II) sulfate does conduct. [3]

(b)

(c)

Describe how the apparatus shown in the diagram could be modified in order to electroplate an iron object, such as a knife, with nickel.

[2]

(d)

Fig. B10 shows an arrangement of apparatus and materials which provides electrical energy.

electrode 1

electrode 2

Fig. B10

A student sets up apparatus similar to that in Fig. B10. She has electrodes made of zinc, magnesium, copper and iron from which to choose. Explain which electrodes she should choose so that the cell provides the greatest amount of electrical energy. [3]

[Total: 12]
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15 EITHER B11 Butane is a gaseous fuel used in portable heaters. Complete combustion of one mole of butane releases 2880 kJ of heat energy. (a) Construct an equation (including the enthalpy change) for the complete combustion of butane. [2] Calculate the volume of butane required for combustion, measured at room temperature and pressure, to produce 1920 kJ of heat energy. Use ideas of bond breaking and bond forming to explain why the reaction is exothermic. Draw the energy profile diagram for the combustion of butane. Label on the diagram the activation energy, Ea, and the enthalpy change, H.

(b)

[1]

(c)

[2]

(d)

[3]

(e)

One mole of ethanol will release 1370 kJ of heat energy when completely burnt. Comparing ethanol and butane as fuels for portable heaters, suggest two advantages of using ethanol rather than butane. [2] [Total: 10]

Or B11

(a)

Aspartame is a synthetic sweetening agent that is 180 times as sweet as sugar. H2N CH CO NH CH CO2 CH3 CH2 CH2 C6H5 CO2H

aspartame
(i) (ii) Name two different functional groups in the aspartame molecule. Identify one functional group in aspartame which contributes to its solubility in water. Suggest why aspartame is not used as a sweetening agent in baked products. [4]

(iii)

(b)

Octadecane, C18H38, is a long chain hydrocarbon which is present in crude oil. Such long chain hydrocarbons are cracked to produce alkanes and alkenes which have smaller molecules. (i) Give two different conditions under which long chain molecules may be cracked. 1 mole Octadecane, C18H38, can be cracked to form 1 mole of a 3rd member in the alkene series and 1 mole of an alkane. Write a balanced equation for this reaction. [3]
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(ii)

16 Or B11

(c)

The unsaturated hydrocarbon Z is important in the chemical industry. The standard enthalpy change of combustion of Z is 2059 kJ mol1. (Standard enthalpy change is the enthalpy change when 1 mol of a substance undergoes complete combustion under standard conditions.) When 0.47 g of Z were completely burnt in air, the heat produced was 23.04 kJ. (i) (ii) (iii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of Z. Deduce the molecular formula of Z. The unsaturated hydrocarbon Z can be polymerised. Draw the structural formula of the polymer of Z showing three repeat units. [3] [Total: 10]

End of Paper 2

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