Micropack

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 1 of 37 Rev: 1.0

CCTV FDS Flame Detection System

Training Manual

RELEASE NOTES
Rev. Date Revision History ECN Prepared Approved

1.0 0.2 0.1

20/03/2001 10.11.2000

Formal Release into Documented Quality System Minor Corrections PRE-RELEASE DRAFT Approved:

034

RJ RJ RJ

SD

Prepared:

Date:

R.Johnson

S.Duncan

20/03/01

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Table of Contents Page 2 of 37 Rev: 1.0

General Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Safety Instructions.................................................................................................................... 5 Warnings ........................................................................................................................... 5 Cautions ............................................................................................................................ 5 Important Notices .............................................................................................................. 5

1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.2

System Overview ..................................................................................................................... 6 Flame Detection Camera (iFDC101 p/n 2200.0000) ........................................................ 7 Hub Controller (iHUB48516 p/n 2200.0030).................................................................... 7 Video Switcher (iVIDEO164 p/n 2200.0040) .................................................................... 7 Relay Driver (iRELAY163 p/n 2200.0050) ........................................................................ 7 Display Terminal (iDAH95) ............................................................................................... 7 RS485 Converter (iRS2485IF p/n 3100.0012).................................................................. 7 Video Converter (VTP4 p/n 3100.0026) ........................................................................... 8 Video Converter (BNC4 p/n 3100.0025).......................................................................... 8 Video Recorder ................................................................................................................. 8

1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9 1.3 1.4 2

Hazardous area procedures..................................................................................................... 8 Manual Handling ...................................................................................................................... 8

Application Guidelines ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Siting requirements ................................................................................................................ 10 Detection Coverage ............................................................................................................... 10 Exposure to Flare Radiation................................................................................................... 11 Flexibility of mounting location ............................................................................................... 11 Mounting Arrangements......................................................................................................... 11 Thermal Disruption ................................................................................................................. 11 Optical Contamination............................................................................................................ 11 Enclosed Areas ...................................................................................................................... 11 Fog (and other airborne obscurants) ..................................................................................... 12 Detector Sensitivity............................................................................................................. 12 Detector Field of View ........................................................................................................ 13 Alternative Lenses .............................................................................................................. 13

System Engineering ...................................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Device Requirements............................................................................................................. 14

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3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.2

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 3 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Earthing & Screening Requirements .............................................................................. 14 Power Supply.................................................................................................................. 15 RS485 Communications ................................................................................................. 17 Video (twisted pair) ......................................................................................................... 17 Video (Coaxial) ............................................................................................................... 17

Connection Topologies .......................................................................................................... 18 Point to Point Connection ............................................................................................... 18 Multi-drop Looping .......................................................................................................... 18 Coaxial Video Connection............................................................................................... 19

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.3 3.4

Detector Threshold Configuration .......................................................................................... 19 Cable Selection ...................................................................................................................... 20 General Guidance........................................................................................................... 21 DC Power........................................................................................................................ 21 Video (Coaxial) ............................................................................................................... 22 Video (Twisted Pair)........................................................................................................ 22 RS485 Communication ................................................................................................... 23

3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5 3.5 4

Fibre Optic Cabling ................................................................................................................ 24

Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 25 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 General Requirements ........................................................................................................... 25 Preparation............................................................................................................................. 25 Camera................................................................................................................................... 26 Remote Controllers ................................................................................................................ 26 Master Station (CCR)............................................................................................................. 26 Electrical Installation .............................................................................................................. 27 Cable Installation.................................................................................................................... 27

Configuration ................................................................................................................................. 28 5.1 5.2 Setting Hardware Links .......................................................................................................... 28 Setting Baseboard Address ................................................................................................... 29 Discover a device where the device address is unknown (not 200h)............................ 30 Recording Device Address. ............................................................................................ 30

5.2.1 5.2.2 5.3 5.4 6

Setting Threshold Configuration............................................................................................. 31 Uploading New Firmware....................................................................................................... 31

Operation....................................................................................................................................... 32 6.1.1 Acknowledge................................................................................................................... 32

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6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 7 8

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 4 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Reset............................................................................................................................... 32 Inhibit............................................................................................................................... 32 Device Local Menu ......................................................................................................... 32

Maintenance .................................................................................................................................. 33 Fault Finding.................................................................................................................................. 34 8.1 Diagnostics............................................................................................................................. 34 Led Indication (Detector Status) ..................................................................................... 34 Power Supply.................................................................................................................. 35 RS485 Communications ................................................................................................. 36 Live Video Images .......................................................................................................... 37

8.1.1 8.1.2 8.1.3 8.1.4 8.2

Replacement and Repair ....................................................................................................... 37

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 5 of 37 Rev: 1.0

1
1.1

General Introduction
Safety Instructions For the correct and effective use of this equipment, to maintain safety and avoid hazards it is essential that you read and understand these instructions and act accordingly BEFORE installing, operating or maintaining the equipment. Pay particular attention to all Safety Warnings, Cautions and Important Notices.

1.1.1

Warnings This equipment is certified for, and intended for, use in potentially hazardous areas. Install and use the equipment in accordance with the latest regulations. For UK installations BS/EN60079-14 'Electrical Installations in Hazardous Areas' and BS/EN60079-17 'Inspection and Maintenance in Hazardous Areas' should be strictly observed. For installations in North America the National Electrical Code (NEC) should be strictly observed. Elsewhere the appropriate local or national regulation should be used. The equipment must be properly earthed to protect against electrical shock and minimise electrical interference. Do not drill holes in any housing or enclosure, as this will invalidate the explosion protection. Ensure that the enclosure lid is fully tightened and locked into position before energising the equipment. Do not open the enclosure in the presence of an explosive atmosphere. All permits and proper site procedure and practices must be followed and the equipment must be isolated from the power supply before opening the enclosure in the field. Operators must be properly trained and aware of what actions to take in the event of a fire being detected. Repair of equipment should only be performed in a safe area and only by trained personnel.

1.1.2

Cautions Use only approved parts and accessories with this equipment. To maintain safety standards, commissioning and regular maintenance should be performed by qualified personnel.

1.1.3

Important Notices Pay attention to the guidelines given throughout this document. If in any doubt ask your local sales representative or contact Micropack (Engineering) Ltd. Micropack (Engineering) Ltd take no responsibility for installation and/or use of its equipment if this is not in accordance with the appropriate issue and/or amendment of the manual. Micropack (Engineering) Ltd reserve the right to change or revise the information contained herein without notice and without obligation to notify any person or organisation of such action.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 6 of 37 Rev: 1.0

1.2

System Overview

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 7 of 37 Rev: 1.0

1.2.1

Flame Detection Camera (iFDC101 p/n 2200.0000) The flame detectors are mounted within an Eexd enclosure certified for operation in Zone 1, gas group IIA hazardous areas. The precise number and location of the detectors is designed to meet the site performance target. The flame detector's field of view is fixed to ensure the correct coverage is achieved. The cameras operate in a standalone capacity, which is to say that as long as the camera is powered (from 24Vdc) it will function as a flame detector. The cameras report their status information over an RS485 communication network. Furthermore, each camera

provides a real time video image allowing operators to immediately see the hazard and assess risk.

1.2.2

Hub Controller (iHUB48516 p/n 2200.0030) The hub controllers are mounted inside control panels located within either the hazardous or nonhazardous area dependant on the system design philosophy. The hubs manage the RS485 communication network and are designed to detect and report alarm status, failed devices or troublesome communication. The hubs act as marshalling points for the field device signalling. All devices whether flame detectors, relay drivers, video switchers, or other hubs must be connected to the master hub.

1.2.3

Video Switcher (iVIDEO164 p/n 2200.0040) The video switchers are mounted inside control panels located within either the hazardous or nonhazardous area dependant on the system design philosophy. The video switchers control the routing of up to four video images (flame detectors) to the operator display terminals.

1.2.4

Relay Driver (iRELAY163 p/n 2200.0050) The hub controllers are mounted inside control panels located within either the hazardous or nonhazardous area dependant on the system design philosophy. The relay drivers provide plant-wide control actions and interface to a central control system or directly to external devices.

1.2.5

Display Terminal (iDAH95) The operator within the Central Control Room (CCR) is provided with full display and alarm handling facilities. The system supports facilities for the connection of remote portable display and alarm handling equipment.

1.2.6

RS485 Converter (iRS2485IF p/n 3100.0012) The RS485 converter acts as an interface between the RS232C standard port within the Display Terminal PC and the RS485 communications used throughout the CCTV system.

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1.2.7

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 8 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Video Converter (VTP4 p/n 3100.0026) The VTP4 converts the twisted pair video signals used throughout the CCTV system to a coaxial video signal most commonly used on commercial CCTV systems and the Display Terminal PC.

1.2.8

Video Converter (BNC4 p/n 3100.0025) The BNC4 converts the coaxial video signal most commonly used on commercial CCTV systems to the twisted pair video signals used throughout the CCTV system. This allows video sources from conventional CCTV equipment to be connected to the CCTV system,

1.2.9

Video Recorder The video recorder is used to record fire alarm events to be recorded for either post event analysis or improvements in the flame detection algorithms.

1.3

Hazardous area procedures Always follow site procedures and practices before opening or installing equipment located in the hazardous area and that all inhibits or over-rides are in place. Equipment should always be powered down. Allow time for electrical circuits to fully de-energise. Always follow the equipment manufacturer's procedures. Always ensure that the equipment flame path and or seals are in good condition, follow the appropriate maintenance procedures.

1.4

Manual Handling Unless proper precautions are taken, then damage can occur to the Flame Detector Electronics in the following ways: Physical damage as a result of drops and knocks. Electrical Damage resulting from electrostatic discharge during human contact. Chemical damage, during transport or storage, due water or condensation forming, contamination from oil, grease or corrosive attack from acid or alkaline.

Therefore, always ensure: The correct tools are used for the job. The equipment is powered down before removal or handling of the electronics. Keep the electronics clean, dry and free from sources of contamination. When installing equipment do not remove from the anti-static packaging or shipping carton until required. When removing equipment always have the appropriate anti-static packaging or shipping carton available and transfer sensitive equipment immediately into the packaging.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 9 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Application Guidelines
In considering the application of the detector it is important to know of any conditions that may prevent the detector from responding. The detector provides reliable response to visible flames and insensitivity to common false alarm sources. Protection is provided within its field of view. Solid obstructions or a direct view of intense light sources may result in partial reduction in the coverage and/or a reduction in the detector sensitivity. The construction of scaffolding or tarpaulins in the detector's field of view will reduce the coverage. Additionally, contamination of the detector window will result in a partial reduction in sensitivity. The detector provides a CCTV video image for surveillance of the protected area. As with

conventional CCTV cameras, the detector should not face directly towards the sun. In such conditions the detectors automatic exposure control will darken the image to prevent overexposure and the resultant picture may be too dark for surveillance purposes. To obtain the best possible picture the detector should be facing away from the sun. In the case of an FPSO, where the vessel is moving, the detectors should face inwards with minimal view of the horizon. With the standard lens the detector has a horizontal field of view of 90 and a vertical field of view of 75. The location and orientation of the detector in relation to the protected area determines the actual footprint. Achieving the desired coverage depends on the congestion within the protected space, the location of the detector(s) and the distance of the detector from the hazard. It may be necessary to install more than one detector within an area to achieve adequate coverage. For special applications it is possible to change the detector's coverage by selecting a suitable wide or narrow angle lens (i.e. changing the field of view and depth of field / range). A narrow angle lens (9) offers 10x magnification increased range of operation to over 100m (up to 200m). The detector sensitivity, expressed as fire Radiant Heat Output (RHO) at a distance, is determined visually by the apparent size of the fire. This is a function of the fuel source, how it is released and distance from the detector faceplate to the fire. In common with other forms of flame detection the detectors sensitivity is reduced and potentially blinded by dense airborne obscurants such as smoke, fog and other airborne particulate. The detector is insensitive to arc welding, however it should not be conducted within 3m of the detector.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 10 of 37 Rev: 1.0

2.1

Siting requirements The following guidelines have been based on operational feedback, reflecting commonly experienced problems, which can be traced to a failure to observe the following: Ensure the mounting position is free from vibration or movement. Prevent accidental knocking or forcing out of alignment . Where snow or ice build up is likely, the heater should be enabled. To ensure the best possible video image the detector should be facing away from the sun. Isolate as far as possible from local electrical interference sources. Sufficient detection to ensure adequate coverage for all likely hazards. Minimise exposure to contamination of the detector face plate. Ensure ease of maintenance access to detector (i.e. direct, ladder or scaffold access).

All these issues are of crucial importance to a successful installation and they should be afforded great attention during the detailed design, construction and commissioning phases of the work.

2.2

Detection Coverage Detection can be located from computer models or from site surveys. The detectors should be aligned to view the intended hazard taking into account any obstruction and congestion

Horizontal View (90)

5m 10m 15m 20m

Vertical View (75)

5m 10m 15m 20m

Typical Coverage Obstruction

5m Typical Coverage

SHADOW

5m

Ground / Floor Level

10m

Obstruction

SHADOW
15m

Note The detector provides fire alarm coverage to all areas within its field of view unless hidden by solid obstructions or intense light sources. It may be necessary to install a number of detectors to provide adequate coverage and to meet the site performance targets.

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20m

Figure 1 Example Detector Coverage and Field of View

Software analysis of the proposed detector coverage may be required to assure adequate coverage of the hazards. This analysis can also be used to optimise the number of detectors.

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2.3

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 11 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Exposure to Flare Radiation Flame detectors are frequently used where hydrocarbon fire hazards are expected, typically process plant and engine room hazards. The detector should not have a direct view the flare. If this cannot be avoided the flare should be masked out to prevent an alarm being detected using the built-in alarm masking facility.

2.4

Flexibility of mounting location The detector requires a clear unobstructed view of the local hazard. In order to avoid local obstructions, such as pipe-work and cable trays, a 2m helix should be provided in the detector cable to allow local repositioning of the detector.

2.5

Mounting Arrangements Firm, vibration free mountings are essential for trouble free operation of optical systems and the detector should, wherever possible, be fixed to comparably rigid mountings.

2.6

Thermal Disruption Thermal convection plumes and exhaust gas plumes generally exhibit a visual mirage effect. In most cases this does not affect detector operation or sensitivity. The detector does not respond to black body radiation (such as turbine exhausts).

2.7

Optical Contamination There are many sources of contamination such as oil, water (deluge water, rain and sea-spray), snow and ice and internal misting. The design of the detector incorporates an internal heater and hydrophillic-coated glass (inner and outer surfaces) to assist in maintaining the optical surfaces. Excessive contamination of the detector faceplate will result in an increased maintenance requirement and potentially reduce the detectors sensitivity. Where detectors are mounted at low level, care should be taken to avoid contamination (such as water and oil) from equipment above the detector. Care should be taken in siting the detector to minimise the likelihood of such contamination.

2.8

Enclosed Areas In enclosed areas, if dense smoke is expected to accumulate at the onset of the fire, the detectors should be mounted 1 to 2m below the ceiling level.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 12 of 37 Rev: 1.0

2.9

Fog (and other airborne obscurants) Fog, smoke and potentially other similar airborne contaminants affect the detectors sensitivity by reducing the detectors range. In general the detectors range is limited to the Meteorological Optical Range or M.O.R. The M.O.R. represents the range of human visibility as defined by the MET office and is expressed as 'meters of visibility', i.e. the attenuation of light over a given distance.

log e 20 Visibility[ MOR] = L log e = transmissivity = 1 (Opacity[%] 100 )

= measurement path length = transmissivity (optical attenuation)

Opacity is the measurement of optical attenuation expressed as a percentage between 0% and 100%

Equation 1 Meteorological Optical Range (M.O.R.) Calculation

For example, this means an M.O.R. distance of 20 meters results in the detector having a maximum range of 20 meters.

2.10

Detector Sensitivity The detectors response to a fire is a function of the fuel source, how it is released, fire size and distance, orientation to the detector, local ambient conditions and the detector threshold settings. The detector sensitivity to different fuel sources is dependent on the apparent size of the flame, ie, is inversely proportional to distance, approximately equivalent to a square-law. For example with the detector sensitivity set to 10kW @ 10m the detector would equally respond to a 2.5KW fire at 5m or a 22.5kW fire at 15m. The corrected fire size for detector sensitivity setting versus distance (2.5m to 20m) is shown in the following table:
Table 1 Actual Fire Size for Detector Sensitivity Setting vs Detection Distance Detection Distance (m) 2.5 5 7.5 10 15 20 Detector Sensitivity Setting 5 kW 0.315 kW 1.25 kW 2.815 kW 5 kW 11.25 kW 20 kW 10 kW 0.63 kW 2.5 kW 5.63 kW 10 kW 22.5 kW 40 kW 15 kW 0.945 kW 3.75 kW 8.445 kW 15 kW 33.75 kW 60 kW 20 kW 1.26 kW 5 kW 11.26 kW 20 kW 45 kW 80 kW 50 kW 3.15 kW 12.5 kW 28.15 kW 50 kW 112.5 kW 200 kW

Note: The values shown in Italics are the actual fire size in kW RHO.

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2.11 Detector Field of View

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 13 of 37 Rev: 1.0

The CCTV detector does not have a traditional cone of vision like a conventional IR flame detector. The detectors field of view is a rectangular pyramidal shape and represents a radial projection of the detector rectangular sensing element. Refer to attached drawing 2200.6001 for the actual field of view footprints.

2.12

Alternative Lenses In special applications requiring long-range operation or a specific field of view it is possible to change the detectors coverage by selecting a suitable wide or narrow angle lens. The alarm mask facility can then be used to precisely define the detection coverage.
90 Lens (1x) image size 16m (w) x 13m (h) @ 10m range

9 Lens (10x) image size 16m (w) x 13m (h) @ 100m range

The standard detector has a 90 wide-angle lens (1x) while a 9 narrow-angle lens (10x) offers the longest range (i.e. highest magnification) currently available.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 14 of 37 Rev: 1.0

System Engineering
The following guidelines are intended to assist with the electrical design and engineering of systems for use with the visual flame detector and each of the devices within the system. For more specific details, such as specific terminations, the Technical Manual for each device must be referred to

3.1 3.1.1

Device Requirements Earthing & Screening Requirements It is important to ensure the system is correctly connected to earth. Incorrect or poor earthing can adversely affect system operation and may result in intermittent RS485 communications and video image corruption. The system 0V should be connected to a clean earth at only one point, generally this should be at the panel power supply (or 0V bus bar). Where PC equipment is connected to the RS485 and Video signals, care should be taken to ensure that the PC's and Panel's power supply are at the same ground potential. Even small differences in earth potentials can cause an earth fault current to flow resulting in video corruption. Where this is not possible either the PC's local supply should be isolated and the PC's connected to the system clean earth, or alternatively, the Video and RS485 signals should be isolated. The Micropack twisted pair to BNC video converter (VTP4) and RS232 to RS485 converter (RS2485IF) can be used so long as the maximum potential difference between each earth does not exceed +/-6V, as shown below:

RS2485IF

Local Earth

RS2485IF

RS232 to 485 Interface

RS232 to 485 Interface

VTP4

PC DISPLAY

Video Isolator

PC DISPLAY

Local Mains

Supply

Supply Local Earth AC/AC Isolator Optional Isolation if PC's are not powered from the panel supply System Clean Earth Local Earth Optional Video Isolator(s) to allow PC's to be powered from local supply (earth must be within +/-5V)

In distributed systems with multiple DC-DC power supply units all 0V supplies must be connected together to a common clean earth. Where this is not possible each system can either be

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 15 of 37 Rev: 1.0

connected to a local clean earth so long as the maximum potential difference between each earth does not exceed +4 to -1Vdc, alternatively the Video and RS485 signals can be galvanically isolated from the central system. Where earth fault monitoring is used care should be taken to ensure that the system 0V to earth potential is not exceeded. The detector enclosure is to be connected to a local earth and the detector cable screens (shields) should be cut back to the crotch and not terminated within the detector. If the detector enclosure cannot be connected to a local earth then care should be taken to ensure the cable armour braid provides a suitable earth or that the enclosure earth stud (external) is separately connected to a suitable earth point using a single core 4mm earth cable. All detector cable screens should be connected to the local clean earth at the control panel. The screens (and twisted pairs) should be maintained to within 1" (25.4mm) of the terminations at the detector, within all junction boxes and at the control panel. Where unscreened cables are used for panel wiring, then all cables must be suitably twisted into pairs and video cables should be segregated from other signal sources.
2

3.1.2

Power Supply Each device requires an absolute minimum supply voltage of 18V, measured at the device terminals. The system power supply voltage and power distribution should be arranged such that on the longest cable run the detector(s) has a supply voltage of greater than 18V. All devices must share a common 0V supply. In distributed systems with multiple DC-DC power supply units all 0V supplies must be connected together. Where this is not possible the RS485 and Video signals may need to be galvanically isolated, such as with a fibre optic transceiver. To prevent RS485 communications or video corruption the maximum volt drop on the 0V return must not exceed +4V or -1V, refer to figure below. Voltages greater than these will exceed the

common mode input range of the RS485 and Video drivers. Power supply cable selection is described in section 3.4 Cable Selection.
+Supply
Cable Volt Drop

Cable Resistance

+18V Supply Minimum

Detector(s)

RS485 or Video Signals

HUB or Video Switch

+V Supply

Detector Supply Current

Cable Resistance
Cable Volt Drop +4V (Max) (V=Current x Resistance)

0V Supply

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 16 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Figure 2 Detector Power Supply Cabling

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 17 of 37 Rev: 1.0

3.1.3

RS485 Communications The RS485 twisted pair cable is connected to the detector RS485-A signal on terminal 5 and the RS485-B signal on terminal 6. It is possible to multi-drop more than one detector using twisted pair cabling. The RS485 line termination link J2 an J3 for channels A & B respectively, located on the detector baseboard, should be fitted if the detector is either the last detector of a multi-drop loop or where only one detector is fitted. Each detector represents one RS485 unit load. A maximum of 32 devices, either detectors or other RS485 compatible equipment, can be connected to a single transmission line.

3.1.4

Video (twisted pair) The video twisted pair cable is connected to the detector +Video signal on terminal 9 and the -Video signal on terminal 10. It is possible to multi-drop more than one detector using twisted pair video cabling. The video line termination link J4, located on the detector baseboard, should be fitted if the detector is either the last detector of a multi-drop loop or where only one detector is fitted. A maximum of 6 detectors can be connected in a multi-drop loop.

3.1.5

Video (Coaxial) The video coaxial cable is connected to the detector +Video signal on terminal 9 (coax conductor) and the Video ground on terminal 11 (coax screen). Care should be taken when connecting to commercial video equipment as the Video ground is often connected to the equipment 0V or earth. This can result in the detector supply current returning through the coaxial cable screen, which may affect the video quality. In such cases the detector supply cables should be increased in size to reduce cable volt drop to a minimum. The video line termination link J4 should not be fitted. It is not possible to multi-drop more than one detector using coaxial video cabling.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 18 of 37 Rev: 1.0

3.2 3.2.1

Connection Topologies Point to Point Connection In a point to point connection a single detector is connected to the power, RS485 and Video cables. This arrangement has the best reliability and availability since any single failure in the field equipment or cabling affects only the one detector. All line termination links for the RS485 and

Video signals must be fitted at the detector. The example shown below is for twisted pair video.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Detector
J1 Power Supply J2 Line Termination A J3 Line Termination B J4 Video Termination

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

+24Vdc 0Vdc RS485.A RS485.B

1 2 3 4

HUB Controller
RS485 Line Termination

+Video -Video Clean Earth

1 2

Video Switcher

Figure 3 Detector Point to Point Cable Connection

3.2.2

Multi-drop Looping In a multi-drop loop connection multiple detectors are connected to the power, RS485 and Video cables. All line termination links for the RS485 and Video signals must be fitted on the detector at

the end of the loop (Detector A in the example below), all other detectors have their links removed (Detector B, etc). The example shown below is for twisted pair video. Coaxial video is not possible with this arrangement.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Detector B (C, D, etc)

J1 Power Supply J2 Line Termination A J3 Line Termination B J4 Video Termination

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

+24Vdc 0Vdc RS485.A RS485.B

1 2 3 4

HUB Controller
RS485 Line Termination

+Video -Video Clean Earth

1 2

Video Switcher

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Detector A
J1 Power Supply J2 Line Termination A J3 Line Termination B J4 Video Termination

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Figure 4 Detector Mulit-drop Loop Cable Connection

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3.2.3

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 19 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Coaxial Video Connection This arrangement is similar to the twisted pair example except coaxial cabling is used for the video signal. All line termination links for the RS485 and Video signals must be fitted at the detector.

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Detector
J1 Power Supply J2 Line Termination 1 J3 Line Termination 2 J4 Video Termination

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

+24Vdc 0Vdc RS485.A RS485.B Clean Earth

1 2 3 4

HUB Controller
RS485 Line Termination

Coaxial Video

1 2

Video Switcher

Figure 5 Detector Coaxial Cable Connection

3.3

Detector Threshold Configuration The detector has two types of user configuration, the hardware links on the baseboard described previously and the detector threshold setting. The detector configuration should be recorded in the project design at a suitable location to ensure that repairs or replacements are correctly configured. The detector baseboard contains a non-volatile memory, this is used to store all detector thresholds for the specific detector location (other than the detector alarm mask which is stored on the detector sensor board). Should the detector sensor board be replaced the replacement will automatically read the memory and configure itself accordingly. In the event the baseboard needs to be replaced the replacement will need to be manually reconfigured with the correct configuration. However since the detector sensor board stores the alarm mask data, should the sensor board be replaced its replacement will need to be manually reconfigured. The detector threshold allows the detector operation to be configured for the specific location.
Table 2 Default Detector Threshold Settings Function/Description Detector Baseboard Address Fire Size Detector Enclosure Heater Enable Multi-dropped Video Default 1200h 10kW (RHO) Disabled Disabled Comment Set to address (201h to FFFh) Set to performance target Enable for ambient <16C Enable for muli-drop loop

The detector thresholds should be set appropriately for the installation, refer to get thresholds for details of detector thresholds.

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3.4 Cable Selection

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 20 of 37 Rev: 1.0

The installation and local regulations and standards determine the overall cable specification. This section specifies suitable cable characteristics to ensure correct operation of the flame detector. There are many different cabling methods available, each has advantages and disadvantages, and these are: 1. Video coaxial cable plus combined twisted pairs for DC power and RS485 signals 2. Three twisted pair cable, one each for DC power, RS485 and video signals 3. Four twisted pair cable, two for DC power and one each for RS485 and video signals 4. Two twisted pair cable for DC power and RS485 and separate video coaxial cable

Option three allows smaller conductors to be used for RS485 and Video signals with double the cross sectional area available for the DC power cables.
Table 3 Typical cable lengths (24V Supply) Installation based on 24V nominal supply Number of Flame Detectors Maximum Power (W) Maximum Cable Length (m) with 1.5mm Conductors (12 ohms/Km) Detector and Heater Detector (no Heater) Detector and Heater Detector (no Heater) 1 1 4 4 18 6 72 24 333 1,000 83 250
2

Maximum Cable Length (m) with 2.5mm2 Conductors (7.6 ohms/Km) 506 1,578 131 395

Note: increasing the supply voltage to 26V would increase the maximum cable lengths by +40%.
Table 4 AWG Conversion Table Cross Sectional Area (mm ) 0.5 1 1.5 2.5
2

American Wire Gauge (AWG) 22 18 16 14

Typical Conductor Resistance per Km (3280ft) DC Ohms/Km @ 20C (approximate) 36 19 12 7.6

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 21 of 37 Rev: 1.0

3.4.1

General Guidance The overall performance and the transmission distance depend on the selected twisted pair cable. Individually screened twisted pairs offer better electrical immunity. When individually screened twisted pairs are used the transmission distances are considerably reduced due to the higher capacitance introduced by the screen. The choice between screened and unscreened pairs is a compromise between transmission distance and immunity towards noise and crosstalk. (When multiple detector signals are carried on a single cable the pairs must be individually screened to prevent interference). Avoid locating unscreened twisted pair cable parallel to cables carrying highspeed data or high energy and/or high frequency signals.

3.4.2

DC Power It is not necessary for the DC power cable to be a twisted pair or individually screened, a 2-core stranded cable with an overall screen is sufficient. The minimum conductor size is determined by the cable length, the number of Flame Detectors on each loop and the maximum allowed voltage drop at the last detector. To prevent RS485 and Video common mode problems this is limited to a maximum of four volts (4V) on the negative supply.

V pd ( 4V ) =

Vsmin Vd min 2

Vpd

= Potential across each conductor (limited to 4V)

Vsmin = Minimum Supply Voltage Vdmin = Minimum Detector Voltage (18V) Pd N LKm RKm = 18 watts per Flame Detector (inc. Heater) or 6 watts excluding Heater = Number of Detector = Cable Length In Kilometres = Maximum Conductor Resistance per Kilometres

RKm

V pd Pd N Vs min = LKm

Equation 2 DC Supply Conductor Resistance Calculation

Use the value of Rkm calculated above to select a suitable gauge of conductor, alternatively, to calculate the maximum cable length from a known conductor resistance swap Rkm and Lkm in the above equation. The supply voltage and cable cross-sectional area (which equates to its resistance) limits the maximum cable length, increasing the supply voltage (up-to a maximum of 32V) can dramatically increase cable length. Prudence dictates that a cable is selected with a lower resistance than calculated above, with sufficient allowance for the effects of crimps, terminals and ageing which can increase overall resistance. Where a single cable cross sectional area cannot be found to satisfy both the needs of the power and signal conductors consideration should be given to using multiple paralleled conductors of a smaller cross section for the power.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 22 of 37 Rev: 1.0

3.4.3

Video (Coaxial) The video cable should be low loss (attenuation) 75R coaxial cable with a stranded conductor to facilitate crimping, such as equivalent to RG59 or RG11, with the following characteristics:
Table 5 Video (Coaxial) Cable Characteristics Cable Characteristic Nominal Absolute Limit Characteristic Impedence 75R -62pf/m 75pf/m Capacitance Conductor Resistance -<150R Attenuation @ 1MHz -6db --Inductance

The maximum cable length is determined by the cable manufacturer's attenuation specification, typically 300m, as shown in the calculation below. Coaxial video cabling generally produces the highest video quality and allows the use of commercial CCTV video switching equipment.

Lkm = Adb Akm

Equation 3 Video (Coaxial) Cable Length Calculation

Adb Am Lkm

= Attenuation Limit (db) = Cable Attenuation per Kilometre (db/km) = Cable length in Kilometres

3.4.4

Video (Twisted Pair) The video cabling should be a twisted pair stranded cable with an overall screen. Where multi-core cables are used then individual screened twisted pairs are recommended. The cable should have the following characteristics:
Table 6 Video (Twisted Pair) Cable Characteristics Cable Characteristic Nominal Absolute Limit Characteristic Impedence 150R 90R to 150R 50nf/Km 100nf/Km Capacitance Conductor Resistance -150R Attenuation @ 1MHz -6db -0.7mH/Km Inductance

The maximum cable length is dependent on the cable manufacturers attenuation specification, which is approximately proportional to conductor size. The characteristic impedance of a

transmission line is a function of the physical dimensions of the conductor and the permittivity of the dielectric (the insulation), at high frequencies this is approximately equivalent to:

Zo() = L C
Equation 4 Characteristic Impedence Calculation

L C Zo

= Cable Inductance (mH) = Cable Capacitance (uF) = Characteristic Impedence (Ohms)

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3.4.5 RS485 Communication

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 23 of 37 Rev: 1.0

The RS485 communications cabling should be a twisted pair stranded cable with an overall screen. Where multi-core cables are used then individual screened twisted pairs are recommended. The cable should have the following characteristics:
Table 7 RS485 Communications Cable Characteristics Cable Characteristic Nominal Absolute Limit Characteristic Impedence 120R 90R to 150R 50nf/Km 100nf/Km Capacitance Conductor Resistance -150R Attenuation @ 1MHz -12db -0.7mH/Km Inductance

The maximum cable length is dependent on the cable manufacturers attenuation specification, which is approximately proportional to conductor size. The characteristic impedance of a transmission line is the same as for the video above.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 24 of 37 Rev: 1.0

3.5

Fibre Optic Cabling Fibre Optic transmission equipment is available from third party companies. Their products are available 'commercially off the shelf' (COTS) and are intended for use in CCTV and security applications. Typically the equipment provides simultaneous transmission of up-to four 75 Ohm PAL Video signals and one channel of bi-directional RS485 communications along a single multimode fibre (62.5/125um). When selecting suitable equipment care should be taken in selecting the fibre type (single or multimode) and in calculating the optical budget. The optical budget should consider the actual makeup of the fibre path including: fibre attenuation per Km (at the transmission wavelengths) all splices and connectors rotary couplings/slip rings the total path length an allowance for the long term affects of ageing, etc

An example worse case optical budget is shown below:

Fibre Optic Losses Rotary Coupling Insertion Losses1 Rotary Coupling Spectral Variation2 Splice / Connector Losses3 Fibre Optic Cable Losses4 Total Losses Transmission Equipment Available Budget5 Available Budget 780nm 5.5dB -4dB 3dB 12.5dB 14dB 1.5dB 8 @ 0.5dB 1km @ 3dB/km Comment 1300nm 5.5dB 1.5dB 4dB 1dB 12dB 14dB 2dB 8 @ 0.5dB 1km @ 1dB/km Comment

The available optical budget, after losses, is better than 1.5dB. This is sufficient to allow for the effects of installation variations and ageing.

Taken from Focal Inc fibre optic swivel specification February 8, 1998 Taken from discussion with Focal Inc. engineering staff November, 1998 Based on maintaining high quality (cut and polished) spliced connections (typically <0.25db) Taken from Anixter Canada quotation 09522 and technical attachments for a typical multi-mode fibre Taken from Coe Ltd S-400 technical data sheets (later revised from 12db to 14db)
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4 Installation

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 25 of 37 Rev: 1.0

This section discusses the requirements for the erection and installation of all related components of the CCTV Flame Detection System. The objectives of are to ensure that all items are correctly erected and installed without damage and undue deterioration. Installation is normally conducted in two stages: Phase One Phase Two Mechanical installation of camera enclosures and remote controllers. Installation of electronic components for detectors, CER, CCR and remote controllers.

4.1

General Requirements All CCTV Flame Detection System components are shipped ex-works suitably packaged. Reference should be made to the relevant Unpacking & Preservation Procedures prior to commencement of erection and installation operations. During the erection and installation process, care should be taken at all times to prevent the risk of damage to the CCTV Flame Detection System equipment from all forms of mechanical, electrical or corrosive damage, such as that resulting from improper storage, unpacking, lifting, manual handling, or modification. Modification of any part of the supplied CCTV equipment, components or associated equipment can only be performed with the written consent of Micropack. Following successful erection and installation, precautions must continue to be taken to avoid subsequent damage to the CCTV Flame Detection System equipment. These should include wrapping the equipment in plastic to provide protection from other continuing work, such as painting.

4.2

Preparation All packaging, protection and preservation materials associated with CCTV Flame Detection System components must be completely removed prior to commencement of erection and installation operations. When locating the CCTV Flame Detection System equipment, access and space must be provided for cabling, detector field of view (FOV) adjustment, maintenance and panel/door access where appropriate.

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4.3 Camera

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 26 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Flame Detector installation supports and mounting arrangements should be clean and free from obstructions prior to commencement of erection and installation operations. Alignment between the equipment support/mounting plate and CCTV Flame Detector bracket must be checked, prior to fixing, in accordance with the project documentation. The detector mount consists of two stainless steel brackets which are bolted together. This bracket assembly is fitted to the intended mount location using the bolts provided. These bolts are inserted through the hole and slotted arc details which are to the rear of the bracket. To fit the detector to the mount bracket, the pair of M6 cap head bolts should be inserted into the rear of the detector enclosure and screwed partially down. The cap heads then engage with the keyhole slots on the mount bracket, at which point they can be fully tightened.

4.4

Remote Controllers Remote Controller supports should be checked to ensure they are the same as those detailed in the project documentation. The area should be free from obstructions and objects that could damage the remote controller, both during handling and installation. All CCTV Flame Detection System control panels must be manoeuvred into the correct position and orientation using suitable lifting equipment prior to erection operations. During such operations, slings and designated lifting points must be used at all times, ensuring an equal distribution of loading at each lift point. The maintenance envelope around the controllers should allow the individual enclosure doors to be fully opened, ie 180 , with out meeting any obstructions. The frame will be bonded to the main system earth in line with project specifications.
o

4.5

Master Station (CCR) The CCR console should be inspected to ensure the space provided is the same as that detailed the project documentation. The fixing arrangements should also be reviewed and any adjustments made to allow secure fixing of the equipment to meet with project requirements. The Display & Alarm Handling PCs are to be installed as per specific project requirements.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 27 of 37 Rev: 1.0

4.6

Electrical Installation On a typical project, Micropack will install all the following electronic components and their associated internal wiring: Fibre Optic connections. Final termination of PSU cabling to panels. Final termination of intersystem cables. All supplier prefabricated plug & socket cables.

Typically, the project will be responsible for the installation of cable as outlined below. All field cables. All unused cores. All intersystem cables. PSU cabling to CER panel.

When terminating to Micropack equipment, the Projects responsibility is limited to the gland entries, cable tray and field side terminals only, and will usually be detailed in the relevant project general assembly drawings. Care must be exercised by Project personnel when installing and terminating cables into control panels to ensure damage does not occur to equipment or components contained therein. Following installation completion, the CCTV Flame Detection System shall undergo full earthing and insulation tests, in accordance with commissioning procedures, prior to power-up.

4.7

Cable Installation Cable access to and from the CCTV Flame Detection System components must be provided where appropriate. Segregation from power sources/cables and other forms electrical interference must be maintained during all cable routing operations. Installation must be arranged such that subsequent detector removal, for maintenance or repair, can be easily achieved. All cable connections shall be supported and maintained in suitable project standard electrical tray or racking. All CCTV Flame Detection System cables shall be installed using specified cable glands and avoiding the need for excessive bending or any form of working practices that may compromise operation of the CCTV Flame Detection System. Cable armour and screens must be installed and terminated in accordance with project requirements.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 28 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Configuration
When installing new hardware or after replacement of existing hardware it is necessary to ensure the equipment is correctly configured. This involves setting the hardware links, baseboard address, and threshold configuration and checking the firmware revision appropriately for the equipment tag location.

5.1

Setting Hardware Links Before replacing the equipment copy the link setting from the old to the new equipment. Where this is not possible refer to the system design drawings where records of the correct link configuration will be kept. checked/set: 1. Flame Detector Baseboard 2. Hub Controller Baseboard 3. Video Switcher Main board & Baseboard 4. Relay Driver Baseboard 5. RS485 Converter The following equipment does not require any hardware links: 1. VTP4 Video Converter 2. BNC4 Video Converter Refer to the relevant equipment technical manuals for details on how to set the hardware links. When replacing any of the following equipment the hardware links should be

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 29 of 37 Rev: 1.0

5.2

Setting Baseboard Address All devices on the RS485 network must have a unique network address in the range of 001h to FFFh (hex). All new equipment will have the baseboard address set to 200 hex, this address is used by the system for a new or unconfigured detector and must not be used as an address for any other device. Note: To prevent address conflicts, since all new devices have the same address, only one new or unconfigured device can be added to the system at a time. The network recognises every device on the network by the combination of its device class (fixed dependant on what type of device it is) and its baseboard address, e.g. 1200h is flame detector address 200h, whereas 6200h is Hub address 200h. There is no conflict between different device classes with the same baseboard address. The device classes and device address are given below.
Device Name Flame Detector PC Display Terminal Video Switcher Hub Controller Relay Driver Device Class 1 3 5 6 7 Device Address 001h to FFFh, 200h reserved for new unconfigured device 001h to FFFh 001h to FFFh, 200h reserved for new unconfigured device 001h to FFFh, 001h reserved for the MASTER HUB, 200h reserved for new device 001h to FFFh, 200h reserved for new unconfigured device

When replacing any of the following equipment the baseboard address should be checked/set: 1. Flame Detector Baseboard. 2. Hub Controller Baseboard. 3. Video Switcher Baseboard. 4. Relay Driver Baseboard. The following equipment does not require a network address: 1. RS485 Converter. 2. VTP4 Video Converter. 3. BNC4 Video Converter. 4. VCR.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 30 of 37 Rev: 1.0

The network address can be checked and changed for a new device from the display terminal using the following procedure:
Notes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Install the equipment and power on, check that the equipment is in a healthy condition Restart the master Hub firmware (to discover the new hardware). New unconfigured equipment appears in the 'healthy' list in the 'device status' window as New Device. Bring up the device local menu (mouse right click on the device address) and select 'get threshold'. To change the address select the device address field and enter the required device address, select 'apply' option. To check the address repeat step 4 and check the address field is as previously entered. Bring up the device local menu and select 'restart firmware' to reset the device (the device will now report on the new address and address 200h will be reported as a failure). Restart the master Hub firmware (to discover the new hardware). The new equipment appears in the 'healthy' list in the 'device status' window with the correct address.

Refer to the relevant equipment technical manuals for details of the threshold settings.

5.2.1

Discover a device where the device address is unknown (not 200h) Ideally all newly installed equipment will be programmed with address 200h, otherwise there is a high likelihood of a network conflict. Where no network conflict has occurred, i.e. the baseboard address is not already in use follow the procedure described below.
Notes 1 2 3 4 Install the equipment and power on, check that the equipment is in a healthy condition Restart the master Hub firmware (to discover the new hardware). New unconfigured equipment appears in the 'healthy device' list in the 'device status' window. If the device address is unknown, disconnect or reset the device in question, if the device has been discovered its 'failure' will be annunciated in the 'failed device' window of the 'device status' window. To change the address select the device address field and enter the required device address, select 'apply' option.

Where a network conflict has occurred, i.e. the new equipment has the same address as a device already resident the system will automatically ignore one of the devices and it will not be possible to detect that a conflict has occurred. It is therefore recommended that unless the device address is known the equipment is returned to Micropack (Engineering) Ltd for resetting to address 200h.

5.2.2

Recording Device Address. It is good practise to label the baseboard with its network address.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 31 of 37 Rev: 1.0

5.3

Setting Threshold Configuration This threshold settings allows the devices current threshold setting (configuration) to be viewed and changed. Before replacing equipment copy the threshold setting from the old to the new equipment. Where this is not possible refer to the system design drawings where record of the correct link configuration will be kept. When replacing any of the following equipment the threshold settings should be checked/set: 1. Flame Detector Main board & Baseboard 2. Hub Controller Main board & Baseboard 3. Video Switcher Baseboard 4. Relay Driver Baseboard The following equipment does not have any threshold settings: 1. VTP4 Video Converter 2. BNC4 Video Converter 3. RS485 Converter Refer to the relevant equipment technical manuals for details of the threshold settings.
7 6

5.4

Uploading New Firmware The upload firmware is intended for used by Micropack trained technicians. The detector firmware (its software programme) can be updated by selecting the 'upload firmware' option on the devices local menu. The dialogue box allows devices to be programmed individually or all together. It is recommended that the devices be programmed individually, and that a successful upload is confirmed by manually checking the firmware revision in 'get settings' option on the devices local menu. Always ensure the latest firmware version has been installed onto the display PC since this is used to both programme the detector and to verify the detectors' firmware is at the correct revision. Uploading firmware can take several minutes during which time the operator should not begin a second upload or grab picture. The upload progress is displayed in display terminal status bar at the bottom of the display terminal window. When the upload is completed the detector will automatically initiate a firmware restart.

6 7

The flame detector sensor/main board stores alarm mask information internally in its local memory The Master and Primary Hub main boards store the system device list internally in its local memory
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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 32 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Operation
The display terminal indicates the status of each device accordingly:
Device Status Green Yellow Brown Red (flashing) Red (steady) Blue (border) Condition / Description Healthy OK. Device Failed or Communications to the device has failed - Maintenance Required. Device Warning the device has detected an internal fault - Investigation Required. Fire Alarm not acknowledged. Fire Alarm acknowledged. Device Fire Alarms are Inhibited.

When new conditions occur the device status is indicated by flashing the device icon the appropriate colour, e.g. flashing red indicates a new fire alarm, and audible alarms are activated.

6.1.1

Acknowledge Selecting operator 'acknowledge' either on the keyboard (F5) or from the device local menu will silence the audible indications and set all flashing indications to a steady condition, e.g. the flashing red becomes a steady red condition.
1

6.1.2

Reset Selecting operator 'reset' either on the keyboard (F6) or from the device local menu will reset all alarm conditions and the alarm indication will either clear or re-occur depending on whether the flame detector continues to signal a fire alarm condition, such as when the fire is still present. Fault & Warning conditions automatically clear whenever the condition is removed.
1

6.1.3

Inhibit Fire alarms may be 'inhibited' by bringing up the devices 'local menu' and selecting 'inhibit'. When a flame detector is inhibited its no longer forms part of the systems voting logic, that is to say that while the device status is indicated as normal no output relays will be affected and plant shutdowns will not occur.

6.1.4

Device Local Menu To select the device local menu from the display terminal use the following procedure:
Notes 1 2 3
1

This procedure will work for devices displayed on the area mimics, or within the device status window move the mouse pointer to point at the either the device icon on the mimic or device tag number in the status window. Press the right hand mouse button, the device local menu should appear. Select the desired function from the local menu (available options are displayed in black text) . Menu options displayed 'grey text' are dependant on the device condition these options are not available.

Note : Seletion of F5 and F6 will effect changes throughout the entire relevant fire zone, not just on individual devices.

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7 Maintenance

CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 33 of 37 Rev: 1.0

Only the flame detector requires regular maintenance. The maintenance schedule is intended for guidance only. The actual level of maintenance required is dependant on the detectors operating environment and the likelihood of damage or the rate of contamination from oil or sea spray. Where there is no operating history it is advisable to regularly review the maintenance reports and adapt the maintenance period to the operating environment.
Step 1-6 6-14 16 Step 1 Periodic Inspection and Maintenance General Inspection and maintenance of the detector and faceplate. Specific inspection and maintenance of the detector enclosure. Detector function testing. Activity Detectors that require maintenance should be inhibited. Detectors which require to be opened up will need to be isolated electrically. Suggested Interval 6 monthly 12 monthly 6 monthly Key Points Ensure that panel wiring and terminations associated with all units under test are in good order .

2 3 4

Ensure that detector mounting arrangements are secure and undamaged. Ensure that the detector enclosure is intact and undamaged. Ensure that all associated cables and glands are correctly made up, secure and undamaged. Clean the enclosure faceplate (outside) with a mild detergent solution and a soft cloth until the window is clear of all contamination. Wash the window thoroughly with clean water and dry with a clean lint free cloth or tissue. Open up the detector enclosure if required, by loosening the grub screw and removing the enclosure cover. This exposes the enclosure flame path and detector electronics. Clean the enclosure cover and body flame paths with a dry clean cloth to remove any contamination. If the flame path or threads are badly pitted the component should be replaced. Check the 'O' ring seal on the enclosure cover is not damaged or perished, replace as required. Note the ingress protection is compromised if the seal is not correct. Clean the enclosure faceplate (inside) with a mild detergent solution and a soft cloth until the window is clear of all contamination. Wash the window thoroughly with clean water and dry with a clean lint free cloth or tissue Non-setting waterproof grease should be evenly applied to the flame path on both the enclosure cover and body. Visually inspect detector electronics and inside the enclosure body for any sign of damage or moisture, replace or rectify as required. The enclosure cover must be screwed on to a minimum of 5 full turns or until fully tight and secured using the locking screw provided. Reinstate the detector back into service. Ensure that inhibits are applied, then, using the flame test torch, function test the detector. Note the detector LED indicator, within the detector housing, changes colour to RED. Check the complete display system for correct function and indication. Assess requirement for opening the enclosure, for maintenance or cleaning, follow steps 6 to 14. Avoid damage to the flame path and faceplate.

10

11

12

13 14

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 34 of 37 Rev: 1.0

8
8.1

Fault Finding
Diagnostics It is impossible to provide fault diagnostics for every possible detector fault. The following

flowcharts represent the most likely faults. In all cases it is advised the following best practice is the key to successful diagnosis:
Only make one change at a time (changing more than one thing makes diagnosis very difficult). Check the most obvious possible causes first. Work systematically through the problem. Keep good notes on the original problem, each step taken and the results observed.

8.1.1

Led Indication (Detector Status) The detector LED indicator is used to reveal the detectors current state, as shown below:
Check LED Status

NO

LED Steady Green?

YES

Detector Healthy

NO

LED Steady OFF?

YES

Power Failed Check power distribution Watchdog Tripped Replace Detector Sensor Board

NO

LED Flashing (Slowly) Green?

YES

NO

LED Flashing (Fast) Green?

YES

Detector Baseboard Address set to Default

NO

LED Flashing Yellow?

YES

Diagnostic Failure Replace Detector Sensor Board

NO

LED Steady Yellow?

YES

Disgnostic Optical Fault - Check Detector

NO

LED Cycling Green-YellowRed?

YES

Detector Restart Condition

LED Steady Red?

YES

FIRE ALARM

Figure 6 LED Status Diagnostic Chart

Refer to the following sections on diagnosing Power Supply, RS485 communications and Video faults.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 35 of 37 Rev: 1.0

8.1.2

Power Supply If the detector LED indicator is OFF then there may be a power supply fault, as shown below:
Power Failed Detector LED OFF

Turn it ON

NO

Is PowerSupply ON?

YES

Found the break?

YES

Measure the voltage at Baseboard Terminals: 1 (& 3) +24V, 2 (& 4) 0V

NO

Power Distribution Fault Check the polarity, source fuse, cabling, crimps and junction boxes

NO

Is +24V Present & correct Polarity?

YES

Plug the detector into baseboard

Measure the voltage on the detector heater (24V) and screw head H1, 2, 3 or 4 (0V)

NO

Detector LED ON?

YES

Check LED condition

Replace Baseboard

NO

Is +24V Present?

YES

Replace Detector

Figure 7 Power Supply Diagnostic Chart

When investigating power supply faults it is important to check that all voltages are within the detectors operating range (18V to 32V) under full load conditions as the voltages measured under no load conditions can be misleading.

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 36 of 37 Rev: 1.0

8.1.3

RS485 Communications If the RS485 communications are poor or completely failed the problem could be due to a great number of possible causes. If the communications to the detector were formerly OK this simplifies the number of possible causes to those shown below. Familiarity with this chart will also help diagnose communications faults during commissioning.
System Cabling Precautions Use best practice and ensure all terminals and crimps are secure Check cabling ensuring that twisted pairs and screening are maintained throughout and to within 1" of the termination. Ensure screens are properly earthed (clean earth/system 0V) Ensure adequate segragation from Power Signals

Communications Fault (device formerly OK)

Restart Master Hub

NO

Did this cure the Fault?

YES

Perform a communications test on the suspect camera

Transient Problem If persists treat as poor communications

Check Detector LED Status

NONE

Are their NONE or POOR Comms?

POOR

Termination, Cabling or Detector/HUB Baseboard Fault

Healthy or Alarm

What is the LED status?

Power Fault or Failed Detector

Rectify Power Failure or Replace Detector

Check terminations links are set correctly Check cable continuity ensure all crimps, terminals, screens and cabling are correct

Default Baseboard Address

If problem persist check (replace if needed) associated HUB Controller

Check for address 1200 on the Display PC 'Device Status' window's Healthy List

Replace Detector Baseboard

NO

Are their Comms OK?

YES

Total Cable Fault Investigate as poor comms

NO

Is Detector Address Present?

YES

Change the device address to the correct one for the detector tag location

Return to start

Check for open or short circuit connection and reversed cabling

Figure 8 RS485 Communications Diagnostic Chart

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CCTV Training Manual Ref: 2200.5011 Page 37 of 37 Rev: 1.0

8.1.4

Live Video Images The live video signal suffers more potential problems than for RS485 communications because the signal is an analogue transmission and available for operator scrutiny. The cabling is critical to video image quality. Due to the nature of the video signal video corruption will appear differently on each detector/installation. The following chart is intended as a guideline for diagnosis of video problems.
System Cabling Precautions Use best practice and ensure all terminals and crimps are secure Check cabling ensuring that twisted pairs and screening are maintained throughout and to within 1" of the termination. Ensure screens are properly earthed (clean earth/system 0V) Ensure adequate segregation from Power & RS485 Communications lines
YES

Live Video Fault

NO

Does the Video Window appear?

NO

Does the video window appear for all other detectors?

YES

YES (an image)

Is there an Image (or Blue or Black)?

Blue

Is the image blue for all other detectors?

YES

Master HUB Communications Fault Check for intermittent communications fault with Master HUB

No Video Route Found Check device list entry for detector video routing is correct

Black

Replace Baseboard and/or Detector

NO

If problem persists NO

Is the video image Corrupted?

YES

No Video Signal Check device list entry has correct video routing Check cabling is correctly installed

PC Display Video Connection Broken

NO

Is the correct image displayed?

YES

Intermittent Interference may be due to RS485 Communications

NO

Is the Image Blurred?

YES

Focus Remove Detector and adjust focus and clean all optical surfaces thoroughly

If problem Persists

Incorrect Video Image Check device list entry has correct video routing Check cabling is correctly installed Is the detector on a multi-drop?

Loss of Contrast, Darkened or ghosted images

What is the corruption?

Hum bars or Noisey Image or Horizontal Ripple

Long Cable Length Apply Compensation for DC and EQ gain to the video switch

NO

YES

Ensure all multi-drop detectors are configured 'video disable on reset' Did this correct the Image?
YES

No Sync or scrolling white lines

Reasonable Image with Hum bars (interference lines)

How is the image Distorted?

Serious Corruption of Image

NO

Inverted Video Check video cabling for a reversed connection Earthing Fault Ensure system 0V and PC Display Earth are at same potential with no earth return current Same applies to all field cabling

Reasonable Image which Wobbles / Ripples

If problem persists

Long Cable Length Apply Compensation for DC and EQ gain to the video switch

Video OK

Replace Baseboard and/or Detector

Vibration Ensure baseboard and detector screws are tightened and that all mountings are secure and free from vibration.

Cabling Fault Check cabling ensuring that twisted pairs and screens are maintained throughout, and adequately segregated from power & RS485

Figure 9 Video Signal Diagnostic Chart

8.2

Replacement and Repair The devices generally contain no user serviceable parts. If the device baseboard is replaced its replacement must be reconfigured with the correct threshold settings and jumper link settings. If the detector sensor board is replaced its replacement may need to be reconfigured with the correct alarm mask image. If the Hub controller main board is replaced its replacement may need to be reconfigured with the correct device list.

This document is strictly private and confidential, reproduction without Micropack approval is prohibited. Micropack Engineering Ltd, 2001