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About ATMA ATMA Members ATMA Committees ATMA Publications Overview Of ITI Radialisation Tyre Retreading

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Indian Tyre Industry

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Tyre Technology

RETREADING INDUSTRY IN INDIA

In the manufacture of a new tyre, approximately 75%-80% of the manufacturing cost is incurred in tyre body and rem 25% in the TREAD, the portion of the tyre which meets the road surface. Hence, by applying a new TREAD over the worn tyre, a fresh lease of life is given to the tyre, at a cost which is less than 50% of the price of a new tyre. Th termed as 'tyre retreading'.

However, the body of the used tyre must have some desirable level of characteristics to enable retreading. Retrea also be done if the tyre has already been over used to the extent that the fabric is exposed/damaged. Retreading co more than Types of Retreading Retreading can be done by the following two processes:

1. Conventional Process (also known as 'mould cure' or 'hot cure' process) - In this process a un-vulcanized rub

applied on the buffed casing of the tyre. This strip takes the pattern of the mould during the process of vulca

2. Precure Process ( also known as 'cold cure')- in this process a tread strip, where the pattern is already press

precure is applied to the casing. It is bonded to the casing by means of a thin layer of specially compounded rubber (known as cushion or bonding gum) which is vulcanized by the application of heat, pressure and time The present all India pattern, by type of retreading, is as follows: Precured - 50%, Conventional 50%.

Retreading is primarly done in the Truck and Bus trye segment. On an average a Truck/Bus trye is retreaded 1.5 time

At present only 3-4 large companies are in the organized sector of tyre retreading .Organized sector is classified as t comprising of companies which operate through the franchisee route.

International vs. Indian Experience in Tyre Retreading : Similarities & Differences

Similarities

As is the experience in other parts of the world, tyre retreading in India has gained greater acceptance in the comme segment, especially truck/bus and light commercial vehicle (LCV) tyres, due to operational savings.

The share of passenger car tyre retreading is on the decline due to several factors, viz. fitment of radial tyres a giving increased mileage (encouraging owners to go in for new radial tyres at the time of replacement, strong p improved aesthetics of new generation of passenger cars (and hence new tyres) and above all, a growing conce (due to driving at increased speeds.

Differences

In the developed countries retreading, by and large, is only through precured methods, whereas the share of hot/con retreading in India is high 50%, with the share of hot/conventional retreading in select segments, like farm tyres, bein considerably higher.

Expected Future Trends in Tyre Retreading in India

Tyre retreading in the commercial vehicle segment is poised for growth in the future. This growth will be aided by the favourable factors and major developments taking place:

Increased level of Radialization in the commercial vehicle segment (due to reduced incidence of overloading commercial vehicles);

Growth in and increased share of multi-axle trucks (with the catching up of the concept of 'hub & spoke' trans long distance movement of road freight will be by multi-axle trucks whereas distances within and around the catered by smaller commercial vehicales);

National Highway Projects, especially Golden Quadrilateral Project and Highways connecting North-South an West corridors (coupled with reduction in overloading and improved condition of road network, higher level re offer added financial benefits).

Tyre retreading practice is a service industry for users of tyres where a used tyre is rebuilt to work as a new one with enhanced

life. Tyre retreading, especially the hot process, is being practiced since long time in India and has been accepted as a regular feature by the tyre users. All varieties of tyres are retreaded by this process. Increase in vehicle population and the rising prices of tyres have provided a potential for tyre retreading activity. Precured tyre retread technology has entered into the Indian market during the year 1984-85 and is substituting the old conventional "Hot Cap" tyre retreading practice. At present precured retread is used for HCV truck and bus tyres only and that too, for the present, for cross-ply design tyres only. Radial tyres have now entered the Indian automobile sector. These can be retreaded only with precured retread. However, its retreading could be attempted by carrying out modifications in the old conventional "Hot Cap" tyre retreading practice. There are at present 6 units manufacturing precured tyre retread with a licenced and installed capacity of 39,600 tonne per year. The production of these units is understood to be around 10,000 tonne, 14,500 tonne, 20,000 tonne and 26,500 tonne during the year 1986,1987,1988 and 1989 respectively. Out of these six units, two units viz. ELGI and INDAG have technical tie-up/collaboration with reputed foreign rubber manufacturers/precured retread manufactures and they have entered the market simultaneously during the years 1984-86. The other four units viz. SUNDARAM, MRF, SPEEDWAYS and MIDAS have developed the product technology with their own indigenous efforts. (in) 5. These six units, as parent units, manufacture the precured tyre retread and supply these to their franchise units who carry out the actual tyre retreading/rebuilding activity. These franchise units are spread all over India for prompt localised service to the tyre users. These parent units, under franchise terms, offer complete rebuilding process know how, main production machines and all the required material. 6. The precured tyre retread has well penetrated in the tyre retread market. The prevailing market share of precured retread is around 27.5% and it is estimated that by the year 1995 it would reach a level of 50%. Due to the fact that cost of tyre retreading by precured method is more by around 25 to 50% than that of by conventional "Hot Cap" method, the "Hot Cap" method will continue to be in the market in spite of the advantages like enhanced life and reliability offered by precured retread method. At present the large consumers for precured tyre retread are large transport fleet owners/organisers and State Road Transport Corporations.

7. The process, plant and machinery, raw materials, plant capacity, operating parameters, applications, product mix adopted by all the 6 units are more or less similar. 8. The retread industry being a service industry has close liason with tyre manufacturing industry and all the innovations/ developments, especially in regard to materials and performance parameters, get imparted automatically, into the retreading practices. 9. All the materials going in for manufacture

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