Bureau of Fire Protection, REGION 12

FIRE SAFETY PROGRAM

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DON'T LET THIS HAPPEN TO YOUR PROPERTY OR TO YOUR WORKPLACE!

EXPLOSION OF INDUSTRIAL PLANT DUE TO GAS LEAK

LEGAL MANDATE
THE BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION under Republic Act 6975 is primarily responsible for the prevention and suppression of all destructive FIRES on: - Building, houses and other structures - Forest - Land Transportation vehicles and equipment - Ships or vessels docked at piers or wharves or anchored in major seaports - Petroleum Industry installations - Plane crashes and - Other similar incidents * Enforcement of the FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (P.D. 1185) other related laws;

* Shall have the power to investigate all causes of fires and, if necessary, file the proper complaints with the city or provincial prosecutor who has jurisdiction over the case; * In times of emergency, all elements of the BFP shall upon the direction of the President, assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in meeting national emergency;

* Shall establish at least one (1) fire station with adequate personnel, firefighting facilities in every provincial capital, city and municipality subject to the standards, rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).

SECTION 1.101 OF THE IRR OF P. D. 1185, FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES. THE FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINE SHALL APPLY TO AND GOVERN: a. All persons; b. All private or public buildings, facilities, structures and their premises constructed before or after its effectivity; c. Design and installation of electrical system; d. Storage, handling or use of explosives and/or combustible, flammable, toxic and other hazardous materials; e. Fire safety construction; f. Fire protective and warning equipment or systems.

APPLICABILITY

Fire, helpful and destructive to mankind, is more than a necessary evil: controlled, it provides warmth and food, but uncontrolled, it produces death and destruction. Because of the power of fire, its unintentional origin and behavior are difficult to predict and determine.

 To prevent fire from starting To save lives and properties To confine the fire from the point To put off the fire of origin

 A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normal conditions. In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a FLASHOVER.

A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building in minutes. Smoke results in:
Teared eyes Choking sensation Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO) Loss of spacial recognition

 Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room can reach 300 degrees Celsius. This temperature is hot enough to melt clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breathe. Temperatures can climb to between 650-760 degrees Celsius.

Most people who die in fires, die from breathing smoke and toxic gases. Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and hundreds of other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat and lungs.

Makes you disorientated and stops you from thinking and breathing.

Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the option of holding your breath.

Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and throat, which causes coughing and hacking. Then turns into nitric acid, which starts to burn the tissue.

FIRE is a result of a chemical reaction when heat, fuel and oxygen combine together followed by visible light. FIRE consists of three basic elements, as represented by the fire triangle: HEAT, FUEL and OXYGEN. These basic components have

Solid or liquid materials do not burn. For combustion to take place, these materials must be heated sufficiently to produce vapors. It is these vapors, which actually burn. The lowest temperature at which a solid or liquid material produces sufficient vapors to burn under laboratory conditions is known as the flashpoint. A few degrees above the flashpoint is the flame point, the temperature at which the fuel will continue to produce sufficient vapors to sustain a continuous flame. The temperature at which the vapors will ignite is the ignition temperature, sometimes referred to as the auto-ignition temperature. If the source of the heat is an open flame or spark, it is referred to as piloted ignition.

Initially, the fuel may be in the form of a gas, liquid, or solid at the ambient temperature. As discussed previously, liquid and solid fuels must be heated sufficiently to produce vapors. In general terms, combustible means capable of burning, generally in air under normal conditions of ambient temperature and pressure, while flammable is defined as capable of burning with a flame. This should not be confused with the terms flammable and combustible liquids.

Normally, the primary source of oxygen is the atmosphere, which contains approximately 20.8 percent oxygen. A concentration of at least 15 to 16 percent is needed for the continuation of flaming combustion, while charring or smoldering (pyrolysis) can occur with as little as 8 percent. Pyrolysis is defined as the transformation of a compound into one or more other substances by heat alone. While the atmosphere typically is the primary source of oxygen, certain chemicals, called "oxidizers," can be either the primary or secondary source. Examples are chlorine and ammonium nitrate.

Oxygen is always present in the home. If, however, you can separate heat sources from fuel sources (combustibles), you will have taken the first step toward fire prevention. HEAT SOURCES - Anything that produces heat. Damaged electrical wiring Stoves Heating appliances Fireplaces FUEL SOURCES - Anything that will burn. Clothing Furniture liquids Curtains Flammable

The combustion reaction can be depicted more accurately by a four-sided solid geometric form called a tetrahedron. tetrahedron The four sides represent HEAT, FUEL, HEAT FUEL OXYGEN, and UNINHIBITED CHAIN OXYGEN REACTIONS. REACTIONS
OXYGEN TEMPERATURE

FUEL

UNINHIBITED CHAIN REACTION OF COMBUSTION PROCESS

 Conduction Convection Radiation

- thru a medium from bottom to top - from base directly to open place - from one building to another

1. Incipient stage - there is no visible smoke of flame 2. Smoldering stage - there is smoke but no flame 3. Flame stage - actual fire exist and heat build-up 4. Heat stage - there is uncontrolled speed of super heated air

1. Class A - ordinary combustible materials 2. Class B - Flammable liquid and gasses 3. Class C - heat energized by electrical 4. Class D - Combustible metal 5. Class E - LPG fire

The fire safety plan is a very important part of the overall fire and life safety program within the building. Its purpose is to prevent potential injuries and deaths and to protect your

If a fire your home be scared, very hard calm.

starts in you will but try to stay

Having a Fire Escape Plan, so you know what to do if there is a fire, could

Every business establishment should have a fire safety plan, which should be reviewed with all new employees when they begin their job and with all employees when the plan is changed.

 INSTALL SMOKE ALARMS Smoke alarms save lives by warning you about a fire while there's time to escape. Install alarms on every floor of your establishment, including the basement- inside as well, and test them once a month. Smoke alarms lose their sensitivity over time. Replace alarms 10 or more years old. AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM Consider installing an automatic home fire sprinkler system in your home. Sprinklers can contain and even extinguish a home fire in less time than it takes the fire department to arrive.

PLAN YOUR ESCAPE

If theres a fire, you have to get out fast, so be prepared. Draw a floor plan of your establishment, marking two ways out of each room. Go over the plan with the employees so that everyone knows how to escape if there's a fire, then physically walk through each escape route. Decide on an outside meeting place in front of your establishment where everyone will meet after they've escaped. Practice your escape plan by holding a fire drill twice a year.

 IN A FIRE, CRAWL LOW UNDER SMOKE Smoke and heat rise, so during a fire there's cleaner, cooler air near the floor. Always try another exit if you encounter smoke when you are escaping a fire. But if you have to escape through smoke, crawl on your hands and knees with you head I to 2 feet (30 to 60 centimeters) above the floor.

 SMOKERS' SAFETY

Don't smoke in bed or when you're drowsy. Give smokers large, deep, nontip ash trays, and soak butts and ashes before dumping them. If someone has been smoking in your home, check on and around furniture, including under cushions, for smoldering cigarettes.

 COOK SAFELY Always stay with the stove when cooking, or turn off burners if you walk away. Wear clothes with snug - rolled up - sleeves when you cook to avoid catching your clothes on fire. Turn pot handles inward where you can't bump them and children can't grab them, and enforce a "kid-free zone" 3 feet around your stove

 KEEP MATCHES AND LIGHTERS OUT OF SIGHT

Keep matches and lighters away from children. Lock them up high and out of reach, and use only child- resistant lighters. Teach young children to tell you if they find matches or lighters; teach older children to bring matches and lighters to an adult before they fall into young hands.

USE ELECTRICITY SAFELY

Know the warning signs of problems
for electrical appliances: flickering lights, smoke or odd smells, blowing fuses, tripping circuit breakers or frayed or cracked cords. Check carefully any appliances that display a warning sign, and repair or replace. Don't run extension cords across doorways or where they can be walked on or pinched by furniture.

 STOP, DROP, AND ROLL If your clothing catches on fire, remember: STOP: Don't run. Running feeds oxygen to the fire and makes it worse. DROP: Instead, drop immediately to the floor. ROLL: Cover your face with your hands and roll over and over to smother the flames. Cool the burn with cool water for 10 - 15 minutes. Call for help.

 TEST DOORS BEFORE OPENING You can easily be overrun by heat, smoke or flames when you open a door to an area where a fire has spread.

DON'T LOCK SAFETY GATES ON WINDOWS Fumbling for a key or combination during an emergency will reduce the opportunity for a safe exit.

Never leave a warm or hot iron unattended. An unattended iron that is on will scorch fabric and may cause a fire.

Never leave food on a stove or in an oven unattended. Keep cooking areas free of flammable objects such as potholders, towels and curtains.

Never disable or remove the battery from a smoke alarm. Frequently test smoke alarms and make sure that you replace batteries regularly.

Burning candles should never be left unattended. Keep flammable items like fabric and paper away from candles.

Store gasoline, newspapers and other combustibles away from sources of flame.

Keep air conditioning unit on a level surface away from fabric and other flammable items.

Although extinguishers can vary in size, color and type of extinguishing agent, all devices operate basically the same way. If the fire is small and heavy smoke is NOT present and you have an exit available to you for evacuation purposes, grab the nearest appropriate extinguisher and the P-A-S-S

PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Handle Handle

Service Tag Service Tag Nozzle Nozzle Instructions Instructions Gauge Gauge

Pin Pin

Using the Fire Extinguisher Step 1

= Pull the safety pin

Using the Fire Extinguisher Step 2

= Aim the nozzle low at the fire and approach from upwind side

Using the Fire Extinguisher Step 3

= Squeeze the handle & trigger

Using the Fire Extinguisher Step 4

= Sweep from side to side

S -ound alarm A -dvise the nearest fire station F -ight fire E -vacuate T -ell others of the fire Y -ou get clear

 Do not Panic Be calm Act quickly Dial 117 or 160

THANK YOU! ! !