Performance Objective

To Know about importance of Transmission Line structures, Tower erection, Stringing and Commissioning procedures of a 400KV Transmission Lines

Tr Lines Construction

Detailed Survey & Foundation

Tower Erection

Stringing & Testing

Line Construction
Preliminary Survey Detailed Survey & Profile making Spotting of tangent towers Check Survey

Line Construction
Pit marking & stub-setting Casting of foundations Tower Erection Stringing & Commissioning

Importance of Tr.Structures
Role of keeping the conductor at required levels Maintaining required Ground Clearance At specified factor of safety It consist of supports & Foundation Exposed to worst climatic conditions

Type of Towers
Based on No.of.Circuits Single CKT/Double CKT/Multi CKT Based on Configuration Horizontal Vertical Tri-angular I String/V String

Type of tower
Suspension/Tangent Towers A/DA type Angle Towers B/DB type C/DC type D/DD type 0 to 2 Deg

2 to 15 Deg 15 to 30 Deg 30 to 60 Deg

Suspension/Tangent Towers
Suspension towers are used primarily on tangent but often are designed to withstand angles in the line up to 2 Deg. These towers caters only compressive loads.

Angle Towers
These towers are used wherever the line angle is more than 2 deg. Caters transverse loads, wind loads, Ice loads.

Withstand under Broken wire conditions.

Terms in TL
Basic or Normal Span: The normal span is most economical span for which the line over level ground. Ruling Span: The ruling span is assumed design span that will produce between dead ends, the best average tension through out a line varying span with change in temperature and ice loading

Terms in TL.
Average Span: Average span is mean span length between dead ends. Wind Span: The wind span is that on which the wind is assumed to act transversly on the conductor and is taken as half the sum of two spans adjacent to the supports.

Terms in TL
Weight Span: The weight span is the horizontal distance between the point of conductors on the two spans adjacent to the towers.

Determination of Tower Ht
Min permissible Ground Clearance(h1) Maximum Sag(h2) Vertical spacing between conductors (h3) Vertical clearance between the Ground and Top conductor(h4) Total Height = h1+h2+h3+h4

Clearances
Ground Clearance Power & Telecom Railway Crossings Vertical spacing 8.84meters 6.10meters 17.9meters 8.0meters

Horizontal spacing
Live metal clearance

12.0meters
3.05meters

Factor of Safety of towers

Under Normal Conditions 2.0

Under Broken Wire Conditions 1.5

Foundations
Location peg & Pit marking Stub-setting and Template assembly Classifications based on type of soil Casting of foundations

Excavation

Stub setting & Completion of frustum

Casting of Chimney

Tower Erection
Requirements i) Bill of Materials ii) Structural Drawings iii) Required T & P incl. Tractor iv) Required Tower parts at site v) Skilled manpower

Tower Erection - methods

Built up method Section by section method Ground Assembly method Helicopter method

TE - Procedures
Sorting of members Positioning of Single pole Derrick

Positioning of Head Ropes

Lifting of main legs Lifting of side members & braces

TE Procedures..
Fixing of Diagonal members Shifting of derrick

Progressive erection
Fixing of earth peaks Fixing of Cross-arms

TE - Procedures
Tightening of Bolts and nuts Usage of self locking nuts

Punching of Bolt & Nuts above waist level

Tack welding of B&N up to waist level Fixing of ACD, DP, NP, PP, CKT plates etc