SOLAR TSUNAMI

Will our Mother Planet will be DARK?

AGENDA
The Sun Structure of the Sun The Earth Solar Tsunami Coronal Mass Ejections Solar Flare Classification of Solar Flare Impact on Earth Effect on Communication

The SUN - Introduction

The

Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is almost perfectly spherical and consists of hot plasma interwoven with magnetic fields. The sun is an averaged-sized type G star and is middle-aged at about five billion years. The condensation of the bigger and bigger gravity material on the sun caused the pressure in their cores to rise, and their internal heat increased. When the heat reached a temperature of 36,630C (18,000,000 F), nuclear fusion will starts which causes the sun to radiate its

The SUN - Introduction

Chemically,

about three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen, while the rest is mostly helium. The remainder (1.69%, which nonetheless equals 5,628 times the mass of Earth) consists of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron, among others. After 5 billion years, the sun will have used up most of its hydrogen, and its core will have become denser than it now is. The temperature will increase10 times than the normal .

The SUN - Introduction

The

sun's intense heat will be enough to fuse the helium into larger atoms, and as long as its helium supply lasts, it will continue to shine - about 100,000,000 years. During this time, however, the sun will begin to shrink, due to its lessening mass. When its fuel runs out, it will become a white dwarf. When the sun runs out of heat, it will be a huge, black, chunk of carbon, floating in space. It will be called a black dwarf.

The SUN - Introduction

The

mean distance of the Sun from the Earth is approximately 149.6 million kilometers (1 AU), though the distance varies as the Earth moves from perihelion in January to aphelion in July. At this average distance, light travels from the Sun to Earth in about 8 minutes and 19 seconds.

Structure of The Sun

1. Core 2. Radiative zone 3. Convective zone 4. Photosphere 5. Chromosphere 6. Corona 7. Sunspot 8. Granules 9. Prominence

The EARTH
Earth

is nothing but a large mass of rock which constitutes several kinds of minerals. It is only planet where life is possible. Earth contains north pole and south pole which creates magnetic field around it. Magnetic field protects earth from exploits in the universe ,due to this several artificial satellites will revolve around the earth which plays the major role in communication system.

The EARTH

Solar Tsunami An Introduction

Technical

name 'fast-mode magnetohydro-dynamical wave'. First discovered in May 1997 by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). A solar tsunami is a rare astronomical phenomenon. Caused by the magnetic explosion in the sun. Explosions happens occasionally . The explosion, called a coronal mass ejection, was aimed directly towards Earth, which then sent a 'solar tsunami'

Solar Tsunami An Introduction

The

charged particles moves with the speed of 250 km per sec. They reach earth within 2 to 3 days. Our earth has its own magnetic field which acts as a shield .It protects the earth from sun storm.

Coronal Mass Ejection

A coronal

mass ejection (CME) is a massive burst of solar wind, other light isotope plasma, and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space. Coronal mass ejections are often associated with other forms of solar activity, most notably solar flares, but a causal relationship has not been established. Most ejections originate from active regions on Sun's surface, such as

Coronal Mass Ejection

Near

solar maxima the Sun produces about three CMEs every day, whereas near solar minima there is about one CME every five days. The ejected material is a plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons, but may contain small quantities of heavier elements such as helium, oxygen, and even iron.

The Sun Emitting the CME(Coronal Mass Ejection)

Solar Flare
A solar

flare is a sudden brightening observed over the Sun surface or the solar limb, which is interpreted as a large energy release of up to 6 1025 joules of energy(about a sixth of the total energy output of the Sun each second) or 160,000,000,000 Megatons of TNT equivalent. Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere (photosphere, chromosphere, and corona), when the medium plasma is heated to tens of millions of kelvins and electrons, protons, and heavier ions are accelerated to near

Solar Flare
They produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths, from radio waves to gamma rays, although most of the energy goes to frequencies outside the visual range and for this reason the majority of the flares are not visible to the naked eye and must be observed with special instruments. Flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields penetrate the photosphere to link

Classifications of Solar Flares

Solar

flares are classified as A, B, C, M or X according to the peak flux (in watts per square meter, W/m2) of 100 to 800 picometer X-rays near Earth, as measured on the GOES spacecraft.
Classification Peak Flux Range at 100-800 picometer (Watts/square meter) < 10-7

B
C M X

10-7 - 10-6
10-6 - 10-5 10-5 - 10-4 > 10-4

Impact on Earth
When

the ejection is directed towards the Earth and reaches it as an interplanetary CME (ICME), the shock wave of the traveling mass of Solar Energetic Particles causes a geomagnetic storm that may disrupt the earth's magnetosphere, compressing it on the day side and extending the nightside magnetic tail. When the magnetosphere reconnects on the night side, it releases power on the order of terawatt scale, which is directed

Impact on Earth
Coronal

mass ejections, along with solar flares of other origin, can disrupt radio transmissions and cause damage to satellites and electrical transmission line facilities, resulting in potentially massive and longlasting power outages. Humans in space or at high altitudes, for example, in airplanes, risk exposure to intense radiation. Short-term damage may include skin irritation with potential increased risk of developing skin cancer, but it's likely that any affected individuals

Effect on Communication
The

communication is due to transmission of signal. The signal propagates as electro magnetic waves. The signal is send to the satellite and the receiver on the other side receive the signal. This communication process is common for all types of communication like mobile, internet etc. So magnetic field plays major role in communication. If solar tsunami occur then it will penetrate in

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