SEMINAR BY G.ESTHER PRINCESS, AP DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES.

ORIGIN OF THE TERM Personality

The word personality derived from the Latin term

persona - referred to the mask worn in the theatre.

The mask would provide a hint to the audience about

what to expect in the behavior & attitudes of the character being played by the actor.

How do we define personality?

Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.
Personality can be defined as the sum total of ways in

which individual reacts and interacts with each other and the environment.

Determinants of Personality
Heredity
Cultural values Family background Life experiences People we interact with

Types of Personality
Introvert & Extrovert
Type A & Type B

Judging & Perceptive

Introvert
Likes to be Quiet for concentration in doing things

Extrovert
Likes variety in action

Self centered person

Tends to be careful & slow to do the activity Likes complicated Procedures Have trouble in remembering names & faces Like to think a lot before they act Likes to work alone

Bold whose attention is outward

Tends to be working faster Dislikes complicated Procedures Often good in remembering people names & faces( greets the people) Often to act quickly sometimes without thinking Likes to have people around

Not to mind working on one project Often impatient with long slow jobs for a long time

Type A
Hard Working Highly Achievement Oriented Impatient Aggressive & with competitive drive

Type B
Easy going Highly Socially Free from urgency More accuracy rather than speed

Judging

Perceptive

Best in planning the work & follows the plan Likes to get things settled
Decides upon things too quickly Needs only the essential things to begin the work Tends to be satisfied once judgment is reached

Adopts to the changing environment Likes to open for alternatives

May have trouble in taking decisions Needs all the details about the work Tends to be curious & welcomes different opinion

Theories of Personality
Psychoanalytical approach- Freud
Behaviouristic learning view- skinner Stage theory-Erickson Subjective approach-Carl Roger Trait theory- Allport Sufi view Adaptative view- Karen Horney

Psychoanalytical approach
Freud explained life stages of personality formation

with 3 components, they are

Id: desires Superego : authority within which that tell us do this

or dont do this Ego: emerges in an attempt to satisfy both id & superego

Freud & Personality Structure

Id

- energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle

Ego

- seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle

Super Ego Super Ego

Ego

Id

- voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave

Behaviouristic learning view

Skinner, believed that personality is developed in the

process of learning from the consequences of behavior produced earlier in our environment called operant learning The nature of consequences determines whether the behavior will be repeated in future. Reward encourages -> rewarded behavior, while punishment weakens the punished behavior

Stage theory
Erikson explained that the ego identity emerged out of ones interaction with the socio-cultural context at each stages of individuals life. PD along 8 stages of life, i)Infancy(1yr) v)Adolescence(12-20)

ii)Early childhood(3yrs)

vi)Young Adulthood(2024) iii)Play age(upto 5 yrs) vii)Middle adulthood(25 60) iv)Latency(6-11) viii) Maturity & old age(up to death)

Subjective approach
Roger explains that, personality is to engage with the

other persons world as he/she perceived it

This approach implied that what the other person

experiences subjectively should be respected rather than labeling it as being strange or bizarre

Trait theory
Allports major contribution was that he identified

personality as a unique pattern of traits of an individual

Personality is dynamic-constantly evolving
The word Trait changed to predisposition- means ,

unique individual characteristics

Sufi view
This view explains that personality is formed by clear

perception of reality or consciousness

This consciousness is achieved by
Fana- disintegrating ones limited self-concept
Baga- reintegrating with the universal self or activating

ones honesty

Adaptative view
This view says, the effect of social influence on

personality
Eg: some people develop neurosis in their early age,

they try the following 3 things to deal with their interpersonal problems, they are,
Moving towards people with complaint

Moving against people in an aggressive way

Moving away from people in withdrawing style

THANK YOU