Recrystallization of Benzoic Acid

Domingo, Donne Jen Xedrick A. Parcutela, Bea Joyce B.

BUT WHOS ZOEY?

AND TOGETHER

WERE

BEA-ZOEY AND XED

BENZOIC ACID.

ITS PUNY,

RIGHT!?

NO?

OKAY.

ANYWAY,

 Use the process of recrystallization in the purification of Benzoic Acid Realize the importance of purification in laboratory experiments

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 Why do we purify compounds?

Purification ensures accuracy in the results since impurities yield incorrect results

Recrystallization - based on the differences in solubility of the impurities and the pure compound - removes impurities from organic compounds that are solid at room temperature

 Recrystallization most common purification method in solids

Involves dissolving the solid compound in the ideal solvent at high temperature, regrowing the crystal structure of the solid compound at low temperature, and separating the impurities.

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 Benzoic acid dissolves partially in water due to its carboxylic function group
Dissolves completely in water at high temperature (supersaturated)

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Solubility measure of how much solute will dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature
Polarity - like dissolves like

Saturated solution the max. amount of solute that could be dissolved by the solvent has been reached Unsaturated solution under the max. amount of solute is dissolved Supersaturated solution

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STEP 1:
Put the impure Benzoic Acid into its proper solvent.

Why water, you may ask

STEP 2:
Add a small piece of boiling chip.

STEP 2.1:
Afterwards,(Fire This process will dissolve the compound and its it breath) heat it until impurities for boils recrystallization.

STEP 3:
Water can be added to cool the mixture.

STEP 3.1:
If the solution obtains any colour in the process, add a pinch of activated carbon.

STEP 3:
Fire-breath the mixture, again.

STEP 4:
This process will filter the Pour immediately into charcoal with the impurities the improvised filter inside its micropores. This syringe and then use will leave the solution to filter into a vial. colourless and probably with less impurity.

STEP 5:
The vial is then left to cool to room temperature.

STEP 5.1:
Then exposed to cold temp. via ice bath.

CRYSTALS!
NO? ->

STEP 6:
The crystals (with solvent) are then poured into the prepared filter via the shown technique.

STEP 7:
After filtering, fold the filter paper and squeeze to remove the water absorbed by the filter paper.

STEP 8:
Dry in an oven.

STEP 8:
Weigh.

Discussion

HOW?

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

MULTI SOLVENT RECRYSTALLIZATION!

MULTI SOLVENT
A compound with impurity will be heated and dissolved in Solvent A. Solvent B is slowly added. Either the compound or the impurity will be insoluble in the new solvent, thus crystallizing when the system cools.

FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION!

FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION
Refines substances based on solubility differences Crystallizes mixture by decreasing temperature Least soluble substance will become precipitate

FRACTIONAL FREEZING!

FRACTIONAL FREEZING
Involves normal/progressive freezing A solvent will be diluted to a mixture of different compounds The mixture will be chilled to concentrate the blend and then evaporating the solvent (solution crystallization)

Conclusion and Recommendations

Recrystallization is a simple process, though it is not perfect due to its limitations. We recommend: - proper execution of the procedures - adequate knowledge of the principle of solubility - avoiding addition of too much activated carbon - cleanliness

Quiz
What will happen if you cool the solution too quickly?
A. B. C. D. Crystals will not form. Impurities will get stuck between crystal lattices. The vial will break. The water will freeze.

Quiz
What will happen when too much activated carbon is used?
A. Solute could adhere to the AC. B. Something C. The solute would change colour.

Quiz
Why didnt we use a funnel for the filtration?
A. Glass funnels dissolve the crystals B. It isnt necessary to use one C. Crystals may clog the pipe D. Funnels are too mainstream

Quiz
Which part of the structure of benzoic acid made it dissolve in water?
A. B. C. D. Carbon ring Carboxylic group Pi electrons Halide group

Quiz
What purification process was performed in Experiment 1?
A. B. C. D. Recrystallization Recrytsallization Recrystalization Recrystallation

Characteristics of the ideal solvent: Does dissolve the solute readily at high temperature and sparingly at room temperature
Solvent used in experiment: Water. (well-behaved over a wide range of heat, non-toxic, readily available, dissolves benzoic acid)

Does not dissolve contaminants

Allows target solute to crystallize while cooling

Does not react with the solute Must be volatile enough for the easy removal of purified crystals

What is activated carbon?

Activated carbon a useful

adsorption tool with a large surface area to volume ratio that is able to adsorb coloured impurities to its surface.

But why?

Cooling Rapid cooling causes the formation impurities within the lattices of the pure compound Slow cooling gives enough time to replace an impurity with a particle of better geometry to form the crystal lattice

Rapid

Slow

why filter like this?

Theres still a probability that some benzoic acid still remains in the solution. Filtering with a funnel is not advisable since crystals may form in the pipe of the funnel.

Oh noes. The crystals did not form as readily as it supposed to be! What to do? T____T

Try scratching the insides of the test tube to provide more surface area for the crystals to form. Another way is to feed it with a seed crystal from another group. That way, the seed crystal will disturb the system causing benzoic acid to compile and attach to each other.