Professional Documents
Culture Documents
9th Edition
Marshall B. Romney Paul John Steinbart
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Chapter 1
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Learning Objectives
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2. 3.
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Explain what an accounting information system (AIS) is and describe the basic functions it performs. Discuss why studying the design and management of an AIS is important. Explain the role played by the AIS in a companys value chain and discuss ways that the AIS can add value to a business. Describe and contrast the basic strategies and strategic positions that a business can adopt.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Whether to extend credit, on what terms, and how to accurately track what customers owe and have paid How to hire, train, and supervise their employees How to keep track of cash flows The appropriate product mix and quantities to carry What functionality to provide on their website
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Introduction
This chapter defines an accounting information system (AIS). It discusses why AIS is an important topic to study. It describes how an AIS adds to an organizations value chain. It describes and contrasts the basic strategies that a business can pursue.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Learning Objective 1
Explain what an accounting information system (AIS) is and describe the basic functions it performs.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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What Is An AIS?
A system is a set of two or more interrelated components that interact to achieve a goal. Systems are almost always composed of smaller subsystems, each performing a specific function supportive of the larger system. An accounting information system (AIS) consists of:
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What Is An AIS?
What important functions does the AIS perform in an organization? It collects and stores data about activities and transactions. It processes data into information that is useful for making decisions. It provides adequate controls to safeguard the organizations assets.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Learning Objective 2
Discuss
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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In Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2, The FASB... defined accounting as an information system. stated that the primary objective of accounting is to provide information useful to decision makers.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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The Accounting Education Change Commission recommended that the accounting curriculum should provide students with a solid understanding of three essential concepts:
1. The use of information in decision making 2. The nature, design, use and implementation of
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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How to collect data about an organizations activities and transactions How to transform that data into information that management can use to run the organization How to ensure the availability, reliability, and accuracy of that information
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One of the fastest growing types of consulting services entails the design, selection, and implementation of new Accounting Information Systems. A survey conducted by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) indicates that work relating to accounting systems was the single most important activity performed by corporate accountants.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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CITP: certified information technology professional Identifies CPAs who possess a broad range of technological knowledge and the manner in which information technology (IT) can be used to achieve business objectives Reflects the AICPAs recognition of the importance and interrelationship of IT with accounting
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AIS
Information Technology
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Learning Objective 3
Explain the role played by the AIS in a companys value chain and discuss ways that the AIS can add value to a business.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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An organizations value chain consists of nine interrelated activities that collectively describe everything it does. The five primary activities consist of the activities performed in order to create, market, and deliver products and services to customers and also to provide post-sales services and support.
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Operations
Outbound Logistics
Service
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2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
The four support activities in the value chain make it possible for the primary activities to be performed efficiently and effectively.
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Infrastructure
Technology
Human Resources
Purchasing
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2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Distributor
Retailer
Consumer
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An AIS adds value by: improving the quality and reducing the costs of products or services. improving efficiency. Improving decision making capabilities. increasing the sharing of knowledge.
A well-designed AIS can also help an organization profit by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of its supply chain.
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Agent
Event Agent
Resource
Sales Transaction Inventory
Customer
Sales
Sale
Cashier
Supplier
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1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
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Decision Structure
Structured decisions are repetitive, routine, and understood well enough that they can be delegated to lowerlevel employees in the organization. An example is:
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Decision Structure
Semistructured decisions are characterized by incomplete rules for making the decision and the need for subjective assessments and judgments to supplement formal data analysis. An example is:
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Decision Structure
Unstructured decisions are nonrecurring and nonroutine. An example is:
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Decision Scope
Decisions vary in terms of the scope of their effect. Operational control is concerned with the effective and efficient performance of specific tasks. Management control is concerned with the effective and efficient use of resources for accomplishing organizational objectives. Strategic planning is concerned with establishing organizational objectives and policies for accomplishing those objectives.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Learning Objective 4
Describe and contrast the basic strategies and strategic positions that a business can adopt.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Develop a basic understanding of corporate strategies. how IT developments can be used to implement existing organizational strategies. how IT developments can be used to create an opportunity to modify existing strategies.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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Because an AIS functions within an organization, it should be designed to reflect the values of that organizational culture.
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What role does the AIS play in helping organizations adopt and maintain a strategic position? Data collection about each activity Transforming data into information that can be used by management to coordinate those activities
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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The value of information is the benefit produced by the information minus the cost of producing it.
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The Internet makes strategy more important than ever Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate all aspects of a companys operations with its traditional AIS. The key feature of ERP systems is the integration of financial data and other nonfinancial operating data.
2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Accounting Information Systems, 9/e, Romney/Steinbart
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End of Chapter 1
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