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Is the science of producing and processing metallic materials Physical Metallurgy Mechanical Metallurgy Extractive Metallurgy
Prospects
World crude steel 1239 mTPA Indias - 49.4 mTPA
BLAST FURNACE
IRONMAKING
(Present Scenario, General Features)
30 - Fe2O3
Iron ore
Oxygen %
20 -
10 -
Scrap
0 Scrap
Carbon %
5 -
| 0
| 200
| 400
| 600
| 800
| 1000
| 1200
| 1400
| 1600
Temperature OC
Counter-current gas solid reactor Solid charge (ore, coke, flux) Liquid product (hot metal + slag) Gases (blast furnace gas)
Extends from the stock line to the mantle level. In this zone the burden is completely solid. The charge gets heated from 200C at the stock line to 11001200C at the bottom of the stack. Most of reduction occurs by gas-solid contact.
CONCEPT OF RAFT
From sensible heat of the flame, its temperature is calculated . This is known as Raceway Adiabatic Flame Temperature (RAFT)
Heat content of flame = Mass of gas in the flame Average specific heat of gas (RAFT 298) Change in Operating Variable
Blast temperature 1000C raised by
Change in RAFT , 0C
+82 +53
-28
-56
Heat output = Sensible heat of the output materials (including H for changes in the states of aggregation) + Heat absorbed by the endothermic reactions (measured at the reference temperature and states) + Heat loss to the surroundings.
Total
68
61
32
300 C
Inward diffusion of reactant gas through the pores of the solid chemical reaction FeO (s) + CO = Fe (s) + CO2 (g) FeO (s) + H2 = Fe (s) + H2O (g)
Outward diffusion of the product gas (CO2 or H2O) through the pores Transfer of the product gas from the solid surface into the bulk gas across the boundary layer.
Coke, 45-50%