Transformation of Water (H2O)

TEMPERATURE
The measure of the average energy of motion of the particles substance
http://www.media.pearson.co m.au/schools/cw/au_sch_whal ley_sf1_1/int/2_slg.html Animation- particles and movement

TEMPERATURE
The measure of the average energy of motion of the particles in a substance

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States or Phases of Water

The Phase or State of matter is a physical characteristic. describes a PHYSICAL state of matter. As matter changes from one state or phase of matter to another, a physical change occurs. If energy is added (like increasing the temperature or increasing pressure) or if energy is taken away (like freezing something or decreasing pressure) those are physical changes.

http://www.media.pearson.com.au/schools/c w/au_sch_whalley_sf1_1/int/2_slg.html Animation- particles and sublimation

Every substance contains energy from the movement of its particles, called thermal energy. The higher the temperature of a substance, the greater its thermal energy.

Changes in state are physical changes

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Requires energy from environment

Releases energy to environment

Time- Temperature Graph for Water

Once the water is in the gas phase, additional heat input raises the temperature of the water vapor Note: greater energy is needed to vaporize water than to melt it. WHY?

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As the liquid begins to boil. Additional input of heat energy does not raise the temperature of the water, rather it is used to break water bonds. i.e. phase change. As the temp approaches boiling point, the KE of the molecules is sufficient to allow the separation of molecules into the gas phase. Once the water is in a liquid phase, increasing the amount of heat input raises the temp of the liquid water. As the ice begins to melt, additional heat energy does not raise the temperature of the water, but loosens the bonds changing ice to water. i.e. phase change melting.

Temperature (degrees Celsius)

As the temp approaches melting point temperature, the KE of the water molecules increases loosening the bonds between water molecules.

Time (minutes)

Phase Change- Vaporization

Energy from hot plate = energy required for phase change No temperature change
Two states of Matter

One state of Matter

Energy from hot plate causes increased KE and increased Temperature

Phase Change- Melting

Two states of Matter

energy from stove = energy required for phase change NO temperature change

Energy from hot plate causes increased KE and increased Temperature

Phase Diagram of Water

Energy used to break the bonds; No change in temp.

Energy used to loosen bonds; No change in temp.

Energy causes particles to vibrate