Impact of Information Systems in Society

Index
Introduction of Information Systems (IS) Types of Information Systems

Application of Information Systems in Industries

Benefits of Information Systems in Society Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society

Case Study

Information Systems
A collection of resources working together in a co-ordinate fashion to store, process and provide information for endusers. Information Systems is usually interchangeable with Information Technology. It is an Integrated System of Man & Machine for providing information to support the operations, the management and decision making function in organizations.

Types of Information Systems

Manual and Computerized Information Systems

An information system can be: Manual Computerized Computer-based information system (CBIS) : A single set of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

The Components of a Computer-Based Information System

Business Information Systems: Most common types of information systems used in business organizations Electronic and mobile commerce systems Transaction processing systems Management information systems Decision support systems

Electronic and Mobile Commerce:

E-commerce: any business transaction executed electronically between parties such as: Companies (business-to-business, B2B) Companies and consumers (business-to-consumer, B2C) Consumers and other consumers (consumer-to-consumer, C2C) Business and the public sector Consumers and the public sector

Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning

Transaction: any business-related exchange, such as payments to employees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers. Transaction processing system (TPS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions

A Payroll Transaction Processing System

Enterprise Resource Planning: A set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization. Can replace many applications with one unified set of programs, making the system easier to use and more effective

Information and Decision Support Systems: An effective TPS provides a number of benefits to a company. A TPS can speed business activities and reduce clerical costs. Data stored in TPSs is used to help managers make better decisions.

Management Information Systems

Management information system (MIS): An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers. Primary focus of an MIS is operational efficiency

Decision Support Systems

Decision support system (DSS): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making.

Focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness

Essential DSS Elements

Specialized Business Information Systems

Knowledge management systems (KMSs): an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organizations knowledge and experience. Artificial intelligence (AI): field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence

The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

Specialized Business Information Systems

Expert Systems: Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field. Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and specialists. The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome. Virtual Reality: Simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions. Immersive virtual reality. Applications that are not fully immersive. Can be a powerful medium for communication, entertainment, and learning

Information Systems in the Functional Areas of Business

Finance and accounting Sales and marketing Manufacturing Human resource management

Legal information systems

Information Systems in Industry

Airline industry Investment firms Banks Transportation industry Publishing companies Healthcare organizations Retail companies Power management and utility companies Professional services

Benefits of Information Systems in Society

Benefits of Information Systems in Society

Who has been benefited with IS ?

Individuals People in Groups Government Commercial Business New & Media Organization Educational organization

Benefits of Information Systems in Society

Globalization Brought the world closer together Sharing Ideas Interdependent System

Communication Cheaper Quick and more efficient Face to Face Direct Communication

Benefits of Information Systems in Society

More Time: Open 24x7 all over the globe Anytime Anywhere

Cost Effectiveness Easy Access to online Libraries Distance Education

Other Benefits: Bridging the Cultural Gap Creation of new jobs Better Improvement in health and life

Role of Information Systems in Society

Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society

Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society

Digital divide in the society Impact on Work: Unemployment Rapidity of Change Impact on Education: Poor Memory Development Shift from the traditional methods of learning

Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society

Quality of Life: Dehumanization and Other Psychological Impacts Information Overload/ Quality of Information Information Anxiety Health Risks: Repetitive Stress Injury Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Techno-stress Computer Vision Syndrome Change in Communication: Isolation Changing Family & Inter-Personal Relationships Reduced personal interactions

Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society

Computer Crimes: Cyber Theft Hacking Credit Card Fraud Data Communication Fraud Cyber Terrorism Spamming Unauthorized access to Computer files Unlawful copying of copyrighted Software's

Others: Privacy: Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the Internet Age. Challenge to Intellectual Property Systems related: Accountability, Liability and Control Data Quality & System Errors Computer related liability problems

We as a society sometimes depend upon Information Systems & Information Technology a little too much. It has made our lives so much easier and more simple, but we fear that it has also paralyzed the way our generation thinks and behaves.

Case Study on BPO Industry India

Business Process Outsourcing Industry in India

Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring to outsourcing in all fields. A BPO differentiates itself by :

Either putting in new technology or applying existing technology in a new way to improve a process.
Delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider that in turn owns, administers and manages the selected process based on defined and measurable performance criteria. Refers to the operation of letting out the task of performing certain functions of an enterprise to another enterprise. These functions are usually non-strategic and non-core in nature though they can be very critical for a business enterprise. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is one of the fastest growing segments of the Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) industry.

Benefits of Outsourcing
Reduce or control operating costs Higher level of service for the same or lower costs Focus on your core business and let the operational details be managed by an external expert Gain access to world-class capabilities Increased efficiency Reduced labor costs Predictability of costs Freeing up financial capital and human resources for other projects

Secure resource not available internally

Utilization of common applications

Future Threats
The cost of telecom and network infrastructure is much higher in India than in the US. The anti-outsourcing legislation in the United States. US Senate has banned federal contractors from outsourcing overseas. Workers in British Telecom have protested against outsourcing of work to Indian BPO companies. Other ITES destinations such as China, Philippines and South Africa could have an edge on the cost factor. Slowdown of demand