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LEADERSHIP

Leadership is interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed through communication process, towards the attainment of a specified goal Tennenbaumet.et.al., Leadership is a process of influencing and supporting other to work enthusiastically towards achieving objectives Features

Need/Importance of leadership : Guiding people Developing team work Motivating discipline Building morale Representing the group

Nature of leadership : Performance Communication Influence power base Interaction Acceptance Followers Situation Attributes

Difference b/w leadership & management:Factor Source of power Leadership Personal ability Management Authority delegated

Focus
Approach

Vision and purpose


Transformational

Operating results
Transaactional

Process
Emphasis Futurity Type

Inspiration
Collectivity Proactive Formal & informal

Control
Individualism Reactive formal

Leadership theories:Charismatic theory of leadership (Great man theory) charisma gift (greek) Leader is born and is not made Charismatic leaders are those who inspire followers and have major impact on their organizations through their personal vision and energy.

The charismatic leader has extremely high levels of self-confidence, dominance, and a strong conviction in the normal righteousness of his/her beliefs, or at least the ability to convince the followers that he/she possesses such confidence and conviction

Transformational :the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change and to execute that change effectively

Transactional :Involves routine, regimented activities assigning work, evaluating performance, making decisions, and so forth

Traits theory
Trait is defined as relatively enduring quality of an individual Traits :-

Leadership styles
(Based on behavioral approach)

Autocratic Strict autocratic Benevolent autocratic Incompetent autocratic Participative Democratic Consultative or ideographic and mental emotional Involvement of a person Free rein Giving complete freedom to subordinates

Likerts Management System


(Rensis Likert, University of Michigan,USA)

Exploitative autocratic
Trust & confidence in subordinates

Benevolent
Subordinates feeling of freedom

Participative
Superior seeking involvement with subordinates

Democratic
The use of supportive relationship by managers The use of group decision making and group methods of super vision The high performance goals

Concern for production


Quality of decisions Procedures and processes Creativeness of research Quality of staff services Work efficiency Volume of output

Concern for people


Personal commitment Maintaining the self-esteem of workers, responsibility based trust Satisfying interpersonal relations

Managerial Grid
by - Blake & Mouton

COUNTRY CLUB
CONCERN FOR PEOPLE

TEAM

MIDDLE ROAD

IMPOVERISED
1

TASK
9

CONCERN FOR PRODUCTION

Transformational theory of leadership


leading change Bernard M Bass

Inspires his/her followers through vision & energy components: Charisma Individual consideration Inspiration Intellectual stimulation

Transactional Theory
Determines what subordinates need to do to achieve objectives, classifies those

requirements and helps subordinates become confidence objectives that they can reach their

Transactional Vs Transformational
Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership

Short-term planning

Long-term planning

Task-orientation

Goal orientation

Practical approach

Forward approach

Stability & passive approach

Change oriented approach

Concrete & tangible goals

Independence & charisma

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