Types of ships

Prepared and presented by T Jonas & A Simmonds

introduction

Types of ship
GENERAL CARGO BULK CARRIERS

CONTAINER

ROLL ON ROLL OFF

REEFERS

CRUISE SHIP

TANKERS

General cargo
General cargo ships usually have spacious holds with a carrying capacity of up to 20,000 t General cargo includes items which are: packed (boxes, barrels, bags, packages) or not packed (pipes, bricks, machinery, rolls of wire).

There are also refrigerator chambers to keep perishable foods, and tanks for carrying vegetable oils

General cargo

Bulk carriers
Bulk-carriers (bulkers) carry loose goods which constitute about 70% of all the shipments carried by sea; speed - 14 - 16 knots, carrying capacity ranging from 30,000 to150,000 t Bulk-carriers do not have cargo-handling gear aboard and have their goods loaded/unloaded by means of port devices.

Bulk cargo includes: ore, coal and coke; building materials, such as cement and gravel; grain, salt and sugar. Bulkers can also be all-purpose i.e. they may export bulk cargo and import oil or vehicles.

Bulk carriers

CONTAINER ships
Container ships now have a carrying capacity of up to 30,000 t and speed of over 26 knots Goods are carried in huge boxes (called containers) of standard size. These containers, may carry anything: Fruit And Meat (In Special Refrigerator Containers), Chemicals And Acids, Textile, Instruments And Metals, TV Sets, Radios And Computers, Even Cars And Ships!

CONTAINER

Roll on Roll off (ro-ro)

Ro-ro ships - used for transporting motor vehicles and other wheeled equipment. Ro-ro ships sail at an average speed of 22 knots. A common "representative" of ro-ro type is the car carrier which usually has cars directly loaded on the ship without putting them in containers. Modern car carriers are capable of carrying about 6,500 automobiles

Roll on Roll off (ro-ro)

reefers
Reefers have a carrying capacity of up to 12,000 t
They transport perishable foods such as fruit, vegetables, meat, fish and dairy, in holds with good heat and freezing insulation at a temperature varying from -25 C to +13 C depending on the type of cargo They sail at a speed of 18-22 knots which is higher than that of the common general-cargo ships because these perishable goods require faster delivery.

Reefer

Cruise ship
Cruise ships are usually white-painted multidecked vessels sailing at an average speed of 20-22 knots. Ramps at the stern make boarding of passengers easier. Also, machinery noise is brought to minimum for the convenience of passengers. Restaurants, bars, casinos, discos, swimming pools, fitness centers and shops make cruise ships look like a real resort complex.

Cruise ship

Cruise ship

tankers
Over 65% of water transport are tankers transporting over 500,000 t crude oil and petroleum products at speeds of 12-20 knots. Each tank is equipped with a heating coil to keeps the cargo fluid making pumping easier and faster. Ship design also includes a "catwalk" which is a bridge connecting the superstructure (in the rear) with the forecastle (in the front). Thus, sailors do not have to walk along the deck to reach the forecastle machinery but can use this bridge. This is done as a safety measure because tankers have quite a low freeboard, and in a storm high waves may flow over the deck and threaten the crew.

tankers

acknowledgement