PRINCIPLE OF HUMAN NUTRITION

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS: FUNCTIONS AND ITS DEFICIENCY

What do Vitamins contain?

Vitamins should contain

Fat-soluble Vitamins (A,D,E,K)

Water-soluble Vitamins (C, B complex)

What is the difference between fat-soluble Vitamins and water-soluble vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues. Water-soluble vitamins travel into the blood and stored in water-filled parts of body. Eg;kidney

Fat-soluble Vitamins

VITAMIN

What is Vitamin A?

Previtamin A: - Retinol - Retinal - Retinoic Acid Provitamin A: - Carotenoids (beta-carotene)

Functions

Vision

- Generates pigments for the retina - Maintains surface lining of eye s Bone growth Reproduction Cell division and differentiation Healthy Skin Regulate Immune System

Where does it come from?

*Night blindness *Decreased resistance to infections *Extremely dry skin, hair or nails

Signs of Deficiency

Too Much Can Be Toxic!!

*Hypovitaminosis A leads to toxic

symptoms:
- GI system: Liver abnormalities - Bone & Tooth: < bone mineral density - CNS: Headache - Other: Retinoid embryopathy

VITAMIN

What is Vitamin D?
Provitamin D: - Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) Active Vitamin D: - 1,25-dihydroxytamin D3 also called - 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)

Functions

Hormone-like - mineralization of bones - Cell metabolism

Where does it come from?

Toxicity can result in:

*GI System: nausea and vomiting *Cardiovascular: High blood Calcium * Other: Kidney stones

VITAMIN

What is Vitamin E?

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- Family of compounds called tocopherols and tocotrienols that are naturally in foods. It has strong antioxidants. - An antioxidant are molecules which can safely interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged.

Vegetable oils (such as wheat germ, sunflower, safflower, corn, and soybean oils) Nuts (such as almonds, peanuts, and hazelnuts/filberts) Seeds (such as sunflower seeds) Green leafy vegetables (such as spinach and broccoli) Fortified breakfast cereals, fruit juices, margarine, and spreads

Cardiovascular system: - Hemolytic anemia in infants Central Nervous System: - Neuropathy in the genetic disorder Neuromuscular system: - Skeletal weakening in the genetic disorder

Too Much Can Be Toxic!!

*Only described when taken in very high levels as supplement High intake of vitamin E can potentially interfere with vitamin K role in blood clotting and act as a prooxidant, increase red blood cell hemolysis

VITAMIN

What is Vitamin K?

- Vitamin K refers to two naturally occurring fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin K1 and vitamin K2. - Vitamin K1 is also known as phylloquinone while vitamin K2 known as naphthaquinones

Blood Clotting Bone Metabolism

o No disease name, rare except with newborns and following certain medical measures. o Cardiovascular system: Increase clotting time, heamorrhaging with a cut or injury

Too Much Can Be Toxic!!

*Poor described in adults Cardiovascular system: - Interferes with anti-blood clotting medications. GI system: - Jaundice and liver damage in infants

SUMMARY

Toxicities and deficiencies take longer to develop for FSV rather than WSV. The FSV are group by their solubility in oil. The FSV have specific chemical forms and function in the body. Deficiencies and toxicity signs and symptoms are unique for each nutrient as are food source.

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