Jupiter

By Yianni and Hank

Who and When

It wasn't discovered by a certain person 1610: Galileo first to view through telescope it was known since ancient times visible in sky by naked eye different empires or countries knew of it:
o China o Rome o Greece

Origin of Name

The Romans had big influence on astronomy Jupiter was the god of sky and thunder King of Gods Jupiter was the biggest planet in solar system Therefore it was named
Jupiter

Size

Mass = 1.89861027 kg o or 317.8 Earths Diameter = 142, 984 km o about 11 Earths Volume = 1.43131015 km3 o 1321.3 Earths

Density of Jupiter

1.33 g/cm About 1/5 of the density of earth Made from gas
mostly

Internal Composition

Made up of mostly liquid and solid hydrogen pressure increases as closer to core so matter phase goes: o g --> l --> s core is metallic hydrogen and rocks at 36,000 K

Internal Layering

Top layer is gaseous hydrogen Second layer is liquid hydrogen Third layer is metallic liquid hydrogen The core is dense with a
mixture of elements

Atmosphere composition

Made up of mostly gases atmosphere: 88-92% Hydrogen, 8-12% helium by volume other substances traced: o methane, water vapor, silicon-based compounds, hydrogen sulfide, carbon, ethane, oxygen, neon Outermost has crystals of frozen ammonia

Magnetic Field

Magnetosphere: largest magnetic field in the solar system shaped by plasma instead of solar winds traps and accelerates particles producing intense radiation 14 times more
powerful than earth's

Rotation and Revolution

revolution period: 11.78 earth years rotation period: 9 hours 58 minutes rotation is the fastest in ss: 12.6 km/s gives it an oblate shape
o oblate- diameter across equator greater than

across poles

Evidence of Water on Surface

Water in vapor form in the clouds No fluids on the surface b/c the surface is made of gas

Visits to Jupiter

visited by 8 probes
o o o o o o o o
Pioneer 10 - 1973 - measured magnetosphere and magnetic field of Jupiter. got 130,000 km away Pioneer 11 - 1974- captured images and served similar purpose to pioneer 10. got 43,000 km away Voyager 1 - 1979- took detailed images, measured wind speed etc. Voyager 2 - 1979- visited other planets and obtained images Ulysses - 1991- used jupiter's gravity to traject and measure sun's polar region Galileo - 1995- had a probe sampling characteristics but broke 200km in Cassini - 2000- going to Saturn but took images while flying by New Horizons - 2007- fast spacecraft that took best images

Evidence of Life

Life cannot exist on Jupiter because there is no solid ground composed of gaseous and liquid hydrogen and helium -108 degrees Celsius
o no life can exist with this temperature

Plate tectonics?

Jupiter has no plate tectonics now or in

the past because it has never had a solid structure for plates to exist

Interesting Facts

Jupiter can never become a star Needs 70 times its mass to create a nuclear fusion Clouds on Jupiter are 50 km thick Has 63 moons Has been visited 8 times from Earth Can see it from earth

Sources
http://askville.amazon.com/planet-Jupiterdiscovered/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=307883 http://www.universetoday.com/14479/how-did-jupiter-get-its-name/ http://www.gormagon.org/2006/02/23/polidoro-caldara-da-caravaggio/ http://www.lisisoft.com/tools/jupiter.html http://lasp.colorado.edu/education/outerplanets/giantplanets_interiors.php http://www.universetoday.com/15148/is-there-water-on-jupiter/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter#Orbit_and_rotation http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/what-is-jupiter-k4.html http://www.earthlyissues.com/jupiter.htm http://thebigfoto.com/jupiter-from-space http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/jupiterarticle/ http://www.universetoday.com/15182/interesting-facts-about-jupiter/ http://www.universetoday.com/15186/missions-to-jupiter/ http://nineplanets.org/jupiter.html http://www.kidsastronomy.com/jupiter.htm http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/jupiterarticle/